...Jump to navigation Search Cornell Search About LII / Get the law / Lawyer Directory / Get Legal Forms / Legal Encyclopedia / Help Out CFR › Title 5 › Chapter I › Subchapter B › Part 430 › Subpart A › Section 430.102 5 CFR 430.102 - Performance management. CFR Updates Authorities (U.S. Code) prev | next § 430.102 Performance management. (a) Performance management is the systematic process by which an agency involves its employees, as individuals and members of a group, in improving organizational effectiveness in the accomplishment of agency mission and goals. (b) Performance management integrates the processes an agency uses to— (1) Communicate and clarify organizational goals to employees; (2) Identify individual and, where applicable, team accountability for accomplishing organizational goals; (3) Identify and address developmental needs for individuals and, where applicable, teams; (4) Assess and improve individual, team, and organizational performance; (5) Use appropriate measures of performance as the basis for recognizing and rewarding accomplishments; and (6) Use the results of performance appraisal as a basis for appropriate personnel actions. A joint research project of the Australian National University and Cornell University Legal Information Institute Would you like to be part of citizen science? We are researching what makes a legal rule hard or easy to read or use. With your help, we hope to create a database of legal...
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...hazards connected with "passive smoking" or "second-hand smoke" - also known as "environmental tobacco smoke”, have been gradually getting increased recognition. The majority of people in modern society are aware that smoking can cause health problems not only in smokers but in people nearby. In recent years many cities, districts and whole states have cracked down on smoking in public. As of October 2009, nearly 60 percent of the U.S. population, or more than 175 million people, live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars – a figure that has nearly doubled in size in three years ( Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids). While the purpose of smoke-free laws is to protect health, some have expressed concern that an unintended side effect might be economic losses, especially within the hospitality industry. In fact, according to the Report of the Surgeon General ,who is the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government, “The results of all credible peer- reviewed studies show that smoke-free policies and regulations do not have a negative impact on business revenues … and they are the most effective way to improve worker and business health”( Report of the Surgeon General). The number of smokers in America is truly a staggering number; according to an in-depth study by the Institute of Medicine, approximately 50 million Americans smoke. They consume about 570 billion cigarettes each year, and...
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...WHO smoke-free city case study Advancing the enforcement of the smoking ban in public places – Davao City, Philippines © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre th Building, 9 Floor, 5-1, 1-chome, Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, 651-0073, Japan (fax: +81 78 230 3178; email: wkc@wkc.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind...
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...1302 Dr. Christie Position Paper Final Just last month I was in Las Vegas Nevada dancing the nights away in some of the hottest night clubs around when someone in my party got a headache from all the secondhand smoke she was being exposed to. At that point in time we left the night club and shortly after her headache disappeared; it was as easy as that. This experience got me thinking about those who don’t have the ability to control their secondhand smoke exposure and what, if anything, is being done to protect them. As easy as it was for myself to leave this smoky environment, a child in a smoke filled car, for example, would be trapped with no hope or realistic ability to escape the situation. Smoke free citizens have pressed legislators for years to make their work and public environments smoke free. Smoking cigarettes is now illegal in government buildings, and many bars and restaurants nationwide and yet only six states have laws making it illegal to smoke in a car with a minor present. Shouldn’t minors be afforded the same liberties we adults demand for ourselves? I have struggled in my opinion on smoke free legislation for some time now. As a libertarian who appreciates the least government involvement possible, I support the freedom we have to smoke in bars and casinos in Las Vegas. These are adult only environments and as adults we have the choice to engage in the lawful behaviors we see fit. However, as a pediatric nurse who witnesses childen suffering from...
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...who have smoked their whole life and have chosen not to stop smoking. Smokers do not have the freedom to smoke in public places that they once had. The public smoking ban has been the center of debates, because smokers feel it is their right to smoke when and where they want. The non-smokers want to be able to go out and enjoy a smoke-free environment. Public Smoking Bans Public smoking has been a right the smoker has had for years. Only in recent years has the public smoking ban law been put in affect. It took many years of debating over the fact if smoking in public should be ban. Smoking is an individual choice, and it is an activity that is absolutely legal. However, some states have passed laws to prohibit the activity in public and in workplaces. This legislation has been the focus of many debates in statehouses and city-county councils throughout the country. The smoking bans forces a smoker to not be welcome to smoke freely in public. For years the non-smoker had to deal with going out to public places and having to deal with inhaling second-hand smoke and smelling like smoke. Non-smokers can now go out and enjoy a smoke-free environment. However, smokers feel like they should still have the freedom to smoke in public. Smokers do not realize that when they smoke in public it is not only their health that they are affecting. Second-hand smoke is very damaging on a non-smokers’...
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...Second Hand Smoke Takeesha Kelley HCS/457 July 24, 2014 BEVERLY GREEN-RASHAD Second Hand Smoke In the United States many Americans are familiar with the term second hand smoke. The term second hand smoke is a combination of gases and fine particles of burning tobacco such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco also known as side stream smoke. Second hand smoke consist of exhale tobacco particulars from the original person or people smoking the tobacco product this is known as mainstream smoke according to the CDC. The side stream tobacco smoke contains toughly 7,000 different chemicals that can be harmful to a nonsmoker and a estimate 70% of those chemicals can lead to cancer. Side stream smoke has a higher concentration of cancer causing agents known as carcinogens. This type of chemicals can deadly to non-smokers when the levels of second hand smoke is consume over a period of time. Second hand smoke has been associated with lung cancer and some studies have link second hand smoke to breast cancer. Researchers have shown second hand smoke may be linked to lymphoma, leukemia, and brain tumors in children. In the year 2009 parents who were associated with second hand smoke during their pregnancy were link to a rare form of cancer starting in the uterus. The chemicals in second hand smoke showed an increase in breast cancer. Asthma related symptoms such as bronchitis and respiratory infection were link to second hand smoke in non-smokers. Second hand smoker occurs in...
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...Smoking and the Affected Population Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the nation (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). There are many reasons that an individual chooses to partake in tobacco use including stress and peer pressure. In 2012, with an estimated 42.1 million Americans aged 18 years or older, approximately 18% of the adult population was cigarette smokers (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). Aside from adult users, it is estimated that more than 3,200 adolescents smoke their first cigarette on a daily basis (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). According to the 2012 Surgeon General’s Report, approximately 9 out of 10 smokers initiate smoking by the age of 18, and 99% will begin smoking by the age of 26 (Cigarette Smoking, 2014). Many people, regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status, interact daily with a tobacco user. Tobacco users tend to fail to realize that their choices affect not only them but those around them as well. Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to an estimated 41,000 deaths yearly in the United States...
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...Bredesen signed into law the “Non-Smoker Protection Act” that would become effective on October 1, 2007. Smoking is not allowed in all enclosed public places. Generally smokers complain and that say that non-smokers can choose to go to businesses that are smoke-free and that the “No Smoking Ban” should not be in place. Non-Smokers may find it tough to go to places that are smoke-free. There are exemptions to the new Smoking ban law. For instance hotel and motel rooms, up to 25% of capacity can have smoking rooms if they remain on the same floor and the smoke can’t get into the non-smoking rooms (IDPH Online). Having the choice to smoke should be protected by ones freedoms, but the non-smokers should also be able to have the right to protect themselves from the effects that secondhand smoke can cause to them. According to Laura Blue, the laws that limit smoking in business are contributing to less hospital visits and deaths that are tobacco related (Blue, 2012). These smoking bans have had a positive effect on helping people quit and also preventing children and teenagers from the exposure to secondhand smoke and the dangerous affects that it causes. Smokers need to understand the dangers of smoking and how their smoke affects other around them. There are 7000 chemicals found in tobacco and at least 250 of them are a cause of cancer. According to Cancer Research UK Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines are a very strong chemical that causes cancer. Tobacco smoke has more than 7,000...
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...In fact, Government chose to prevent passive smokers from hypothetical diseases. First of all, we will discuss about the main effects of cigarettes on smokers and non-smoker’s health. Then we will focus on the impact on the environment. Finally we will emphasize the reaction of non-smoker about this new law. Margaret Davidson published an article in “The American Legion” entitled “Smoke Free or Freedom to Smoke” and explains, “Smokers will, on average live 13 to 14 fewer years than nonsmokers”. She also states that the Center for Disease Control and Prevention “recognize cigarette smoking as the greatest preventable cause of death.” In fact, smokers, on average, live 13 to 14 fewer years than non-smokers, this first explanation shows that smoking is really noxious and has a real impact on our health. Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general. As a matter of fact, smoking increase in lung cancer and heart disease that most of time lead to death. More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries. In addition, exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke causes disease, disability, and death. Most of the time, passive smokers are the...
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...Secondhand Smoke: How it Affects the Health of Others Stephen E. Smith IRN 9047136049 COM/150 02/10/2013 Tracey Fida Smoking cigarettes is a habit many people have these days, and fortunately those numbers are going down. If compared with the 1940’s, the number of smokers had a huge decrease nowadays. Mendes (2011), “Gallup and Healthways find the national smoking rate stuck at 21%. Although this is much lower than the historic highs of around 40%, Gallup found from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s, there remains significant variation across states, with smoking levels in many states still at 25% or higher. The number of Americans who smoke has fallen to 20 percent, tying the all-time low first recorded in 2009.” (8). However, the health problems it brings to the smokers and their surroundings still a big concern and something people need to learn more about. Unfortunately, what some non-smoker does not realize is how bad that smoke is for them as it is for the smoker, the reason they are known as involuntary or passive smokers once they are breathing in the second hand smoke taking in the nicotine and toxic chemicals the same way smokers do. When a non-smoker sees somebody smoking a cigarette the first thing that crosses their minds is how bad that habit is, not juts because the harmful effects it causes to the smoker's health, but the odor impregnated in the clothes, the bad breath, and...
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...Condominium Board of Trustees From: The Resident Association Date: September 28, 2015 ------------------------------------------------- Re: Implementing Smoke-free environment The purpose of this memorandum is to recommend the implementation of a smoke-free living environment at the Rialto-Capitol Condominium. As you know, last year the Tower Grand was the latest residency opened here at The Beacon and the first to be a smoke-free living environment on campus grounds. Second hand smoke is harmful and hazardous to the health of the general public. It is the combination of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette and the smoke exhaled by smokers (1). The U.S. has attempted to reduce the use of tobacco by eliminating its use in public places, including bars, restaurants and parks. However, one of the main places people are exposed to secondhand smoke is in the home. Therefore, in order to reduce the involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke for non-smoking residents, I recommend the implementation of a smoke-free environment in the building. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, the chances of developing lung cancer increase 20 – 30% when living with a smoker(2). Since June 2012, New Jersey has had a smoke free law that prohibits smoking in indoor public areas and it’s also allowed communities to Enact local smoke-free laws (2). As a mini community ourselves here at The Beacon, banning the use of tobacco inside common and residential areas would benefit the majority of the residents...
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...Old Smoke In today’s society, tobacco smoke is a concern which has resulted in banning smoking in the workplace, restaurants, and recreational facilities that have sporting events. Numerous studies have found that tobacco smoke is the major contributor to indoor air pollution, and that breathing secondhand smoke is a cause of disease in healthy nonsmokers, including heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease, and lung cancer (Model Ordinance Prohibiting Smoking in all Workplaces, n.d.). A smokefree environment allows human beings to breathe air that is not polluted by cigarette smoke. This allows them to enjoy life without the second hand smoke that can cause health issues as they grow and develop in life. Explain how you would handle this situation if you were Charles Renford. It is the manager’s duty, and responsibility at a company or organization to listen to both sides of a concern in the workplace. In the case where Charles Renford’s position as a supervisor at Redwood Associates, an employee felt strong enough to complain about smoke in the work place, he should address the complaint with all employees involved directly. The odor of smoke was strong enough that Darlene, the employee came to the supervisor, Charles Renford with a complaint about the smoke in the main file room. Charles Renford reminded Darlene, “that although the law in their state requires companies to provide a smoke-free work area for employees that desire it, it doesn’t force companies to...
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...report in the room where Alice and Frank have been smoking. Even though they are respectful to not smoke while she is in there the residue of the smoke still remains in spite of them opening the window to air out the room. Charles realizes that the law is his state requires him to provide a smoke free environment when the employee desires it. If I were Charles I would provide another area in which Darlene could do the necessary report. Darlene is in titled to have her moral and human rights respected by her employer. She does not have to be subjected to the old stale smoke in the room where the smokers work. It is great that they are trying to be considerate, but the one smoker, Alice, is rather resentful of Darlene thinking she is being overly sensitive to the smoke. I feel she is being unfair because what if it were Darlene smoking I am sure Alice would want her concerns heard. 2. Describe the policy on smoking that you would recommend to Redwood Associates. The state law requires the company to provide a smoke free environment. I would recommend that if the employees want to smoke I would have a place designated for smoking outside of the building which would be fair to both the employees who smoke and the ones that do not smoke. In this day an age it is surprising that it is not already a smoke free environment. If I worked there I would not want to be inhaling that old smoke. Regardless of my co-workers efforts to cover up the evidence, which I might add is not working. That...
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...self-indulgent addictive behaviors directly endanger bystanders as much as cigarette smoking or tobacco use endangers nonsmokers through secondhand tobacco smoke or inhaled environmental tobacco smoke (Oriona, 2009). According to the Center for Disease Control nearly 24.6% high school students have used at least some type of tobacco product. More than 80% of adult smokers begin smoking by 18 years of age with 99% of first use by 26 years of age. In...
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...hazardous impact. Naturally, legislators have become prone to banning smoking in public places in order to ensure health and safety of non-smokers, who want to avoid the exposure to cigarette smoke involuntarily. The smokers themselves share different viewpoints as to the smoking ban. However, the tendency is continuing toward the ban of smoking in the majority of public places, which include bars, restaurants, stores, workplaces and others. To protect nonsmokers, many states are banning smoking in public places (See Figure 1). In addition to the states that have been listed as having smoke free laws, 10 more states have enacted laws that prohibits smoking in one or two venues, but not all three venues. This essay focuses on laws that will prohibit smoking in private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars. (See Figure 1) These three venues have been selected because they are a major source of exposure for nonsmoking patrons in public places. The CDC considers a state smoke-free law to be comprehensive if it prohibits smoking in these three venues. Some states have enact laws that have less stringent smoking restrictions. The restrictions for smoking in designated areas or away from buildings have the state laws not effectively eliminating exposure to second-hand smoke. The only way to keep second-hand smokers safe is to eliminate smoking in all public places. Some states strictly prohibits any type of lighting up where there is a public gathering...
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