...Day of Older Persons, ASM ATIQUR RAHMAN discusses the plight and prospects of ageing in 21st century Bangladesh. Old age is neither a disease nor an individual problem; rather, it has become a worldwide challenge that must be addressed globally. "Later life" is unavoidable, inevitable, universal and excessively troublesome. No one can stop the process of ageing. The quality of life and the rate of ageing both vary considerably depending on a number of factors such as education, occupation, purchasing capacity, lifestyle, food habit, residential location, belief and culture, etc. Surprisingly, ageing takes place within the context of family members, kin, neighbours, friends, work associates and the state. Lifelong preparations, making intergenerational linkages, using appropriate technology, developing right-based societal relationships, upholding religious values at the personal level, political commitment and governmental undertaking at the macro-level can help ensure a healthy ageing and active later life. Policy responses to ageing until now have tended to focus only on the provision of medical care and income security for older persons, which remain important but have been inadequate compared to the rate of ageing occurring now and projected to intensify in the coming decades. Population ageing is a by-product of scientific development in human societies bound to remain a dominant social problem throughout the 21st century. It is also gaining increasing recognition...
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...Saga Magazines... How does ageing affect you? MENOPAUSE The menopause, sometimes known as “the change of life”, is where a woman’s ovaries stop producing an egg every 4 weeks, meaning she no longer has periods and is unlikely to get pregnant. Monthly periods can sometimes stop suddenly when you reach the menopause; however it is more likely that your periods will become less frequent, with longer intervals between each one, before they stop altogether. In the UK, 51 is the average age for a woman to reach the menopause, although some women experience the menopause in their 30’s or 40’s. Symptoms The menopause can cause a wide range of physical and mental symptoms. The first symptom is usually a change in the pattern of your monthly periods. This is called the premenopausal stage, during this time you may have light or heavy periods (menorrhagia). Other symptoms can include: * Hot flushes and night sweats * Loss of libido (sex drive) * Headaches * Mood changes, such as depression, anxiety or tiredness * Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) * Noticeable heartbeat * Vaginal discomfort, pain, itching and dryness The severity of symptoms and the overall duration of the menopause will vary depending on a number of factors including genetics, lifestyle, diet, stress, and overall health. Although if you experience the menopause suddenly, rather than gradually, your symptoms may be worse. The menopause is caused by a change in the balance of the body’s...
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...description of the Gerontological care issue The ageing population is unusually increasing in the history of humanity. With increase in number of the older persons, there is a decline in that of the younger people and it is estimated that by 2050 the percentage of the older persons would have increase by 10% from the current 15% (Cisneros & Hickie, 2012). These changes come with major challenges not only to the health sector, but also to the pension and welfare system in both the first and second world countries. Diabetes mostly among the old people is continuously being diagnosed in an epidemic magnitude. It is estimated to affect 592 million people in 2035 compared to 382 million people in 2013 (Guariguata et. al 2012). Type 2 diabetes is mainly more prevalent in the ageing population compared to type one diabetes, which affects mostly the going thus creating burden to the society as the sick mostly depend on the society. China is the leading country with the largest number of people with diabetes, followed by India, the United States, brazil and Mexico in the fifth position. These statistics bring about a considerable concern for the national healthcare system which come with various challenges in provision of focused diabetes management to the ageing population. This problem becomes complex by the different modalities of managing diabetic patients in the different parts of the world which may be hindered by political, cultural or social economic factors that interfere with...
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...me with an opportunity to do research and submit a project, the college authorities for the Library without which I wouldn’t have been able to get an exact idea as to how to go about the completion of this project. I’d thank the support of my classmates in this regard too. My Parents, who have supported me throughout. God Almighty, For being there. 01/10/2014 Riswana Mahamood 703 Cochin,Kerala Introduction Ageing is a natural process, which inevitably occurs in human life cycle. It brings with a host of challenges in the life of the elderly, which are mostly engineered by the changes in their body, mind, thought process and the living patterns. Ageing refers to a decline in the functional capacity of the organs of the human body, which occurs mostly due to physiological transformation, it never imply that everything has been finished. The senior citizens constitute a precious reservoir of such human resource as is gifted with knowledge of various sorts, varied experiences and deep insights. May be they have formally retired, yet an overwhelming majority of them are physically fit and mentally alert. Hence, given an appropriate opportunity, they are in a position to make significant...
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...University of Warwick February 2009 Summary The first section of this paper will describe the child-centred social investment thesis developed by Esping Andersen (2002). This thesis has been a strong influence on UK government educational and child-related policy over the last decade. Some of the resulting current UK policies will be examined, and their success or failure so far will be explored. It is crucial to note that these policies involve the increasing integration of health, welfare and educational resources in the common purpose of increasing children’s social and cognitive capital. This survey will reveal the key trends and drivers that policy makers are currently responding to as they shape children’s lives. Given that steps taken today may well have effects lasting decades, the guiding social, technical and economic assumptions currently made about the future need to be identified and critically examined. Section Two will set these assumptions in the context of major global trends and signals including issues of demographic change in less and least developed world regions, climate change, energy and food security and financial conditions. The key question here will be whether the bases of current policies address the range of possible futures of yesterday or the range of possible futures of today. Section Three will draw on this material to compose a set of issues that are likely to become important to educational decision-making in the next decade. Keywords: demography...
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...purpose of identifying and critically examining being overweight and obesity in the context of urbanization and globalization and the role it plays in the mental and physical health of Australians. Obesity rates among Australians are high and have been increasing at a rate faster than any other country a part of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 2011). More than 60 percent of adults and 25 per cent of children are overweight or obese in Australia and this percentage is projected to rise 15 per cent over the next decade (Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 2011). Following on from an overview of the description of the issue, a discussion of the history of obesity and health will be given, including the role that social policy has played. In past, being overweight was a sign of affluence, fertility, prosperity and art, however now with increased medical and scientific research the health risks are identified, yet obesity is now found in high percentages amongst the socio economically disadvantaged. An analysis of the effectiveness of current policy on health and obesity will be given with particular reference to the United Nations Declaration of human rights which highlights the right of every person to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and their family, including food (United Nations, n.d). In an ever increasing globalised world, the right to adequate nutritional food...
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...Introduction Population education which emerged as an educational innovation in response to population problems only about four decades ago, is now being experimented in over a hundred countries of the world in non-too-uniform a manner. It has been introduced in the education systems of different countries as an important component of the multi-pronged strategy employed to help nations attain the goals of population stabilisation and sustainable development. Very few educational programmes have matched its pace of expansion and adopted such varied conceptual frameworks and strategies of curriculum transaction. Perhaps no other educational concept has experienced such frequent changes in its framework and been subjected to so many misunderstandings as the concept of population education. This has been so because of not only the nature of the context in which it emerged but also its newness and its complex characteristics. The Context The concept of population education emerged in the context of population and development - the two most pressing issues before humankind today. Both are closely interrelated and both encompass a number of complex factors. Viewed as an epiphenomenon of the process of development, population issues have aroused widespread concern among almost all the members of the comity of nations. There have been undaunted endeavours to accelerate the pace of socioeconomic development through the instrumentalities of science and technology and to secure distributive...
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...Cognition across the Lifespan Week 7 Ageing Age is determined by the number of years or this is our Chronological Age, however if we want to know about what an individual is like, this is not a very reliable measure. This is because people of the same chronological age vary in their physical and mental state. People also tend to judge others by their Social Age. Or social behaviors that are acceptable at a certain chronological age. Therefore we do not expect grandparents to play on skateboards than we expect teenagers to walk around with sticks. So when does old age technically begin?? There is no proper age wherein a person just turns old in one day, but modern gerontologists suggests that it usually starts between the ages of 60-65. That’s when in majority of people there are significant if not dramatic changes in mental and physical functioning. Again it is important to stress that 1. There is no single point at which a person automatically becomes old and 2. Chronological age is in any case an essentially arbitrary measure. Ageing and Stereotypes The term “ageism” was coined by Robert Butler, M.D., in 1968. Dr. Butler is a geriatrician who saw that society had developed myths, stereotypes and misunderstandings about people as they age. Graham Mulley in 2006 stated that the negative images of ageing (both historical and contemporary) have resulted in misconceptions which have influenced how we think, speak and behave. Evolution of these stereotypes according to Mulley: ...
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...Consumer Behavior Consequences Competition is a major issue here within society of the United States and so in this capitalistic system, there is a steady competition in a capitalistic system competing against each other in a free market. In a legal system, plaintiffs and defendants constantly compete against each other to win the verdicts of juries and judges. Competition occurs within consumer behavior. People are so competitive when it comes to sports and games, they even have food competitions. Competitiveness can lead to strange behaviors. Trait of competitiveness can lead to strange behaviors and has also been recognized as “the enjoyment of interpersonal competition and the desire to win and be better than others” (Spence & Helmreich, 1983, p.41). Background theory four levels are labeled elemental traits, compound traits, situational traits, and surface traits. Elemental Traits are the basic and enduring cross-situational predispositions. Five of the eight elemental traits are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion (measured as introversion), agreeableness, and emotional instability. If you are using the evolutionary perspective, three additional elemental traits are proposed: the need for body resources, material resources, and arousal. The eight elemental traits in a series of five studies. Methodology A 4 page survey was done sent 600 members of the panel. They was selected by population characteristic of the United States on age, household...
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...Settings 14 Treatment in institutions 14 Preventing Elder Abuse 15 Feedback from national level 16 Responses from local people 18 Social Service 19 Health Care 20 Legal Proceeding 21 Campaign to generate public awareness 22 Recommendations 23 Greater Knowledge 23 Causes of the abuse 24 Impact of abuse 24 Evaluating the process 24 Stringent laws 24 Basic Rights for Elders 25 Traditions 25 Other preventive measures 26 Conclusion 27 Reference 28 Introduction The history of elderly abuse is not a very new phenomenon. It can be traced back from a very early age if we flip through the sociological status of yesteryear. However with the passage of time and further defining a goal to reform child abuse and domestic violence, the objective of elderly abuse has also been considered in the agenda. Unlike other form violence, the elderly violence has come into limelight with the progress of public health and criminal justice. The issue of these two forms has paved a way to view, analyse and curb the issue on violence towards senior citizens of a society. This paper will focus upon the issues concerning upon the violence that affects the elderly people either in house or in an institution. Moreover it will also cite the specific crime that usually occurs with elderly people which can be considered as a global issue to the problem concerned. The term “Elder Abuse” was first coined by the British in a scientific journal issued in the year 1975, under...
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...-T S Eliot Human civilization starts with the incessant flow of people moving from one place to another. Migrations of human populations have been a fundamental part in the history of mankind. Numerous studies show that the process of migration is influenced by social, cultural and economic factors and outcomes can be vastly different for men and women, for different groups and different locations (cf. De Haan and Rogaly, 2002). Migration is a subject that calls for an interdisciplinary approach. Each discipline brings something to the table, theoretically and empirically.(Brettell and Hollifield,2002) Demographers have perhaps the best empirical grasp on te movement of people across boundaries, they have the theoretical and methodological tools to show us how such movements affect popultion dynamics in the sending and receiving societies. Anthropologist looks at networks and transnational communities. Historians portray migrant experience in al of its complexity, giving us a much greater empathetic understanding of the hopes and ambitions of migrants. Political scientist help us to understand the play of organized interests in the making of public policy, together with legal scholars they show us the impact of migration on institutions of sovereignty and citizenship, while sociologist and economist draw the attention towards the importance of social and human capital and the difficulties in settlement and incorporation involved in the migratory experience. The most important...
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...toward the aging. This it a form of discrimination. While there is other ‘isms used in American society; sexism, or racism, ageism enables the younger generation to see older people differently, they may be seen as just old people who are no longer able to actively contribute to society. When is a person considered to be old or elderly? There was a time when you were required to retire at the age of 65. But with the economy and life span increasing people work until they cannot. There is no set age but society usually deems a person old when they are able to collect benefits like pensions, social security, medical care or discounted meals. The United States Census Bureau has estimated that the population of those over 65 will increase from 11.4 percent in 2000 to 20.7 percent in 2050. The baby boom generation, those born in the 1950’s will make up sixteen percent of the population in at least ten states by 2020. Some say that by the end of the twenty-first century life expectancy will exceed 100 years of age. Most people want to live a long life, but only if they are mentally and physically able to thrive. Americans in particular want to be young and live forever because our society tells us there is no place for the old. The media and family reiterate to younger generations that getting old is depressing, sad and lonely. The obsession with face-lifts, Botox and liposuction increases the stigma that getting old is close to the end. If older citizens are unable to care...
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....WHAT IS QUALITY OF LIFE AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE? A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND SOME ATTEMPTS AT MEASUREMENT Quality of life research, then, spans a range of topics, from quality of life in the last year of life (Lawton et al. 1990) to quality of life in urban environments (Rogerson et al. 1989). As was illustrated earlier, quality of life is an amorphous concept, that has a usage across many disciplines -- geography, literature, philosophy, health economics, advertising, health promotion and the medical and social sciences (e.g. sociology and psychology). It is a vague concept; it is multidimensional and theoretically incorporates all aspects of an individual's life. Quality of life has also been defined as the `output' of the inputs of the physical and the spiritual (Liu 1974); as the degree to which a person accomplishes life goals (Cella and Cherin 1987); and even quantified crudely as a formula in which quality of life (QL) is a product of one's natural endowment (NE) and the effort made on one's behalf by the family (H) and society (S), such that QL ]] NE ]] H ]] S (Shaw 1977). The meaning of the concept of quality of life is thus arguably dependent on the user of the term, his or her understanding of it, and his or her position and agenda in the social and political structure (Edlund and Tancredi 1985): `Quality of life is a vague and ethereal entity, something that many people talk about, but which nobody very clearly knows what to do about' (Campbell...
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...increasing in age, a demand has resulted for more information on how this population can live longer, happier, and healthier. As technology advances and medical knowledge increases, more research is being compiled to better understand exactly how the aging process works, and how longevity can be improved. Investigation and research has indicated that several factors could increase the longevity of not just this specific population, but of people in general. One such factor is involvement in an organized religion. It has been found that religious involvement of any type fosters a positive view of quality of life, provides a network of social support, and often promotes healthy habits and good stress management. Another such factor is strong cognitive skills. Studies have demonstrated that good stress management and the use of analytical skills that later result in what is referred to as “wisdom” can belay the effects of cognitive decline and other mental deficits. Lastly, studies of participation in daily physical activity in both early and later life can increase longevity by improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of other related health issues. Although many elements can contribute to increasing longevity, the most influential factors are organized religion, cognition, and physical activity. Membership in an organized religion has demonstrated an ability to improve longevity for the aging population. For instance, 92% of adults believe in God, with the majority of this...
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...N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing...
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