...Quarter & Year: Fall 2013 Email: godfreyrena@gmail.com Instructor: Marge Zuba, Ed.D. Gender Achievement Gap One of the most interesting and actively debated areas in educational research concerns the gender-based achievement gaps in math and science. Despite research efforts and statistical data backing up the notion that girls are falling behind in math and science, there still continues to be significant gender-based achievement gaps that are perpetuated by “insidious gender lessons, micro-inequities…that chip away at girls’ achievement and self-esteem” (Sadker & Sadker, 1994). Research studies shed light on significant decreases in girls’ achievement rates in math and science as early as middle school that continues to decrease into high school. Although the achievement gap in math has declined in recent years (AAUW, 1999), girls consistently score lower on the SAT and ACT than boys do, and the gap does not narrow in college. Researchers struggling to identify the origins of gender differences have examined a range of theories, including biological, environmental, cultural, and cognitive developmental approaches to gender differences. What is Gender Equity? Gender equity implies being treated equally fair for both male and female. Gender refers to the social roles of men and women, and boys and girls, as well as the relationships among them, in a given society at a specific time and place. Gender equity is still a major point of discussion in modern-day...
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...and Opposition of Stem Cell Research Biology 103 E803 Ethics and Opposition of Stem Cell Research The world of stem cell research can offer an immeasurable amount of possible medical marvels. It also comes with a myriad of controversies. Like where would we get embryonic stem cells, what would be done with it, and when are they considered human? The battle lines are drawn but the war is far from over. Backers for the research are starting to grow. I would like to delve into the ethics that should be in place if this research becomes a stable infrastructure of medical practice. Also, I will go into handling opposition concerning this research potential. First let us see what ethical issues that would arise in this probable world or research. In an article by Anne McLaren, she stated that there would be three different ethical issues that would arise: personal ethics, research ethics, and social ethics. In the realm of personal ethics it would deal with personal morality, dishonesty, irresponsibility, and failure to observe good practice (McLaren, 2007). Meaning there are two very important things that have to be considered by the person before continuing with the research. Is it for personal gain either financially or professionally or is it for the patient’s needs. Both of which are very important for every doctor around the world, and which some lost sight of. The second ethical problem is research ethics, which deals with the research itself: what material is...
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...accessible, and rely on their parents/carers to meet their basic requirements, ie food, heat, house, affection and care. When moving from childhood to adulthood, young people further their independence and learning in aquiring their own needs, but still need direction, instruction and support. Studies from neuroscience have shown and provided more data regarding the brain's growth/maturity in childhood/adolescence (teenage years). There is significant adjustment of the brain surrounding the puberty stage, specifically in the frontal (pertaining to the forehead) cortex, the rational section of the brain which governs the connection of feelings and instinct, and the area of the brain coupled with reward and enjoyment. Nevertheless, these methods don't progress together. The method connected to reward/enjoyment progresses more swiftly than the instinct/feelings connection and calculated decision making purpose. Research and investigation indicates that teenagers are still maturing in the skill of coping with social/emotional...
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...we are interested in what neuroscience can tell us about inspirational leadership. Based on our findings, we discuss how future research in leadership can be combined with neuroscience, as well as potential neurofeedback interventions for the purpose of leadership development. We also consider ethical implications and applications to management-related areas beyond leadership. L eadership development is a multibillion-dollar industry, with in-house as well as external consulting groups offering leadership development techniques and programs for their clients. The efficacy of traditional leadership development methods, however, has recently been called into question (Haines, 2009), with many researchers recognizing the need to go beyond traditional leadership assessment methods, which typically involve evaluating leader behaviors and qualities through some sort of survey process through which followers or peers rate a leader’s effectiveness. In particular, recent advances in neuroscience are expanding our understanding of behavior and learning (Boyatzis, Smith, & Blaize, 2006). Specifically, we are interested in what insights the study of the human brain and the field of neuroscience may hold for understanding effec- tive leadership, its assessment, and its development. While there are many branches of neuroscience, the specific area of social cognitive neuroscience may have the most applicability to the study of leadership....
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...Fairness in Reward Allocation Name of the student: Name of the University: Course ID: Author’s note: Introduction The discussion of the essay is associated with the fairness in reward allocation that depends on various processes. Most of the organizations are facing the problem to implement the transparent process during the reward allocation because of the individual perception. The theory regarding the fairness also suggest to implement a structured way that will adhere to the policy of the organization so that no employees remain with the dilemma that justice is coming in the proper way. The theory is used to understand the behavioral aspect of the employees and their superior where researchers have given several feedbacks that influence the process (Lund, Scheer and Kozlenkova 2013). The argument is structured in such a way that helps to understand the several aspects of the importance of the organizational fairness in the compensation management, role of organizational fairness in reward allocation, factors that are influencing fairness in reward allocation, impact of reward distribution on employees and how fairness can be achieved within the process. All the processes are discussed with the view of several researches that establish the fact of issues and solutions of the reward allocation. At the end of the essay, every topic is summarized with the findings that could help to enhance the reward allocation. Discussion Operating an organization always needs fairness...
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...1 Social Capital and Facebook Groups' Members Knowledge Sharing Behavior Manal ElKordy Assistant Professor Business Administration Department Faculty of Commerce Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt melkordy@hotmail.com Abstract The main challenge of any virtual community is the supply of enough content through the active sharing of knowledge among community members. This paper integrates the factors of social capital theory; namely, social ties, knowledge self-efficacy, fairness, identification, and openness; with individual motivations to share knowledge; namely, reputation, and enjoy helping; to explain why people share their knowledge on Facebook groups. The models' efficacy was tested using online survey of 237 Facebook groups' members. The model explained 34% of the variance in knowledge sharing behavior where knowledge self efficacy, identification with group, and perceived group openness were found to positively influence knowledge sharing behavior. Contrary to expectations, social ties, perceived group fairness, and individual motivators showed no significant influence on knowledge sharing behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. Keywords: Social capital, individual motivations, knowledge sharing behavior, Facebook Groups, virtual communities, Egypt. 2 1. Introduction The widespread of internet access has fuelled the growth of virtual communities where more people are sharing their knowledge, experiences, and opinions...
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...achieving updated knowledge on different aspects of Labor Law. TRAINING OVERVIEW Outcome of the Program: After successful completion of the program, the participants will be able to do all operational activities of HR as well as will know the practical HR practices in context of Bangladesh. Understand the changes in amendment law 2013 Use the practical knowledge to implement different sections of labor law To conduct Factory Audit in line with BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] To prepare Factory for any kind of Social Audit in line with BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] To handle employee relations, grievances, disciplinary issues, accurate settlement under the guidance of BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] Make Trade Union & deal with CBA Understand WPPF calculation, entitlement, distribution & investment Target Participants HR Professionals Compliance Professionals Potential Candidates to develop career in HR/ Compliance Training Methodology: Brain Storming Role Play/Simulation Lecture Discussion Sharing/Participatory Major areas to be covered: Day 1: Orientation Definitions with emphasis on worker and non-worker difference Classification of workers Day 2: Conditions of employment (registers, service books,...
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...Learning that lasts through AGES Dr. Lila Davachi, Dr. Tobias Kiefer, Dr. David Rock and Lisa Rock NeuroLeadershipjournal issue THREE 2010 The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author’s institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institutional administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or thirdparty websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post a version of the article to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding the NeuroLeadership journal’s archiving and management policies are encouraged to send inquiries to: support@neuroleadership.org www.NeuroLeadership.org © NeuroLeadership Institute 2010 For Permissions, email support@neuroleadership.org This article was published in the © NeuroLeadership Institute 2010 For Permissions, email support@neuroleadership.org This article was published in the NeuroLeadership journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author’s institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institutional administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or thirdparty websites...
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...issue has defined the future of HR in terms of competencies, workforce demographics, or professional techniques or practices. Here we take a different departure point by starting with prominent emerging general trends and examining their potential effect on HR, now and in the future, and HR’s desired and actual role in addressing them. What we found was that while HR leaders generally feel their ideal role is one of broad leadership, their assessment of the current role often is far less than that. Our research at the Center for Effective Organizations was conducted with a consortium of 11 large companies: Citrix Systems Inc.; Electronic Arts Inc.; Gap Inc.; Lockheed Martin Corp.; Mattel Inc.; Rockwell Automation; Royal Bank of Canada; Sony Pictures Entertainment; Unilever; UPS Inc.; and The Walt Disney Co. Twenty to 30 HR professionals within each company participated in the consortium. We examined the trends of globalization, generational diversity, sustainability, social media, personal technology, mass customization, open innovation, big data and gamification. Beyond Tradition: Reach Out, Venture Out, Seek Out, Break Out Our findings suggest that human resources can make great progress by simply allocating more time, budget and expertise to the emerging trends that have the greatest potential effect on organizations. However, at a larger level, lasting change will require fundamentally rethinking how the HR profession and the HR function operate. This includes: Reaching...
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...Her e-mail address is ctsay@hbs.edu. Max H. Bazerman is the Jesse Isidor Straus Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School in Boston. His e-mail address is mbazerman@hbs.edu. Abstract Through the decision-analytic approach to negotiations, the past quarter century has seen the development of a better dialog between the descriptive and the prescriptive, as well as a burgeoning interest in the field for both academics and practitioners. Researchers have built upon the work in behavioral decision theory, examining the ways in which negotiators may deviate from rationality. The 1990s brought a renewed interest in social factors, as work on social relationships, egocentrism, attribution and construal processes, and motivated illusions was incorporated into our understanding of negotiations. Several promising areas of research have emerged in recent years, drawing from other disciplines and informing the field of negotiations, including work on the influence of ethics, emotions, intuition, and training. 1 2 Key words: negotiation, bargaining, biases, ethics, affect, intuition, negotiation training Introduction In the early 1980s, Cambridge, Massachusetts,...
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...Personality Theory Lois Hughes Psy 405 August 23, 2012 Nina Wade Personality theory Personality is organic, edifying, communal, situational, relational, involves family, and environment in any occasion. Each individual has his or her own distinct, innate personality; intertwined with traits that define character, temperament, disposition, spirit, and personality. Philosophers put forward conjecture, speculation, and inference when understanding behaviors and personality. Philosophers’ research and findings fabricate a foundation for ongoing learning and exploration with unconfirmed information, hypothesis, and categorization providing the building blocks for humanity and mankind to progress and develop greater comprehension for future growth and appreciation. . What is Personality? Personality is a model of practical individuality, eternal qualities, and exclusive uniqueness that represent consistency and distinctiveness in one’s actions. Traits are undeniably exclusive; sometimes wide-ranging, often shared by species, but undeniably individual. Personality as defined is a sequence of comparative undeviating qualities and distinct attributes that provides constant and uniqueness to an individual’s conduct (Feist & Feist, 2009). Behavioral...
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...Introduction A t this point in our social history we are experiencing trends in marketing and consumerism that no cultural phenomena in antiquity has prepared us for. Each day between the hours of waking and sleeping we are exposed to 3000 – 5000 marketing messages across every shape and flavour of media mankind has been able to devise in good conscience (Story 2007). Every niche, of every segment, of every market, for every product, has a multitude of competitors vying for space of mind, seeking to differentiate, remind, inform, or persuade themselves into our lives and shopping trollies (Copley 2004). This clutter, consternation, and competition has taken the humble consumer transaction to be something more akin to game theory, and contemporary marketing strategy has become a battle of minds and wills (Lee, Broderick, and Chamberlain 2007). Each new generation of consumer finds themselves delivered deeper into an environment of increasing media and message saturation. But, with every generational cycle a further sophistication in the adaptive discretionary filtering system is created in order for these individuals to preserve some degree of highly guarded ‘psychic space’, and as such ‘marketing professionals are keenly aware of the obstacles posed by both information-processing limitations and viewer opposition’ (Rumbo 2002). ‘The multiplicity of advertising mes¬sages to which each consumer is exposed dictates that advertisers place a lofty premium on the much-coveted...
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...[pic] Department of Education and Training RESEARCH ON HUMAN LEARNING Published by the Department of Education and Training © State of Victoria, 2004 All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical and photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Address inquiries to: Research and Development Branch Office of Learning and Teaching Department of Education and Training Level 2, 33 St Andrews Place GPO Box 4367 Melbourne 3001 Acknowledgments This resource has been developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching, Department of Education and Training, Victoria, 2004 Authors Sandra Mahar and Maddy Harford Contributions This publication was developed by the Research and Development Branch, Office of Learning & Teaching for the Department of Education and Training. Contents INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 4 Defining Learning 5 Overview of the paper 6 THEORIES OF LEARNING 7 Cognitive Learning Theories 7 Social Learning Theories 7 Constructivist Theories 8 Experiential Learning 9 Adult Learning, or Andragogy 9 Multiple Intelligences 10 Situated Learning Theory and Communities of Practice 10 FACTORS AFFECTING...
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...them inside. While society does not blink an eye when a boy aspires to becoming an auto mechanic or a girl a stay at home mom, the converse brings discomfort, ridicule, much discussion and even embarrassment for the families. Research shows women have made tremendous gains in the last few decades; however, it is still difficult for them to obtain equality. According to an article from the Institute for Women’s Policy Research, women make up almost half of all actively employed people in the work force yet; they earn, on average, 23% less than their male counterparts holding the same position (Hegewisch & Hudiburg, 2013, para.1). The pace has been so slow that if it continues at this same rate, it will take over 40 years before women will earn the same salary as men in the same positions (Hegewisch & Hudiburg, 2013, para. 2). What causes this phenomenon? Is it nature or nurture? Is it something that begins in the womb or the formative years? The American Psychological Association reports that even though there is no evidence women poses inferior skills in science and mathematics they continue to remain underrepresented in careers requiring advance degrees or knowledge in those subject areas (Azar, 2010, p. 40). Azar goes on to cite research by the University of Wisconsin psychologist Janet Hyde, PhD. who claims it is a lack of...
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...Punishment is a component of operant conditioning used to decrease the probability of a behavior or response by causing a change in the environment (Singer, B.F. 1970). This essay will discuss aspects of punishment such as methodology, effectiveness and its effects on behavior. It will review the effectiveness of punishment methodology by studying the variables such as age, gender, socio-economic status and exposure to crime. In the direct context of speeding, contemporary punishment includes ‘positive punishment’ whereby giving the offender a fine and ‘negative punishment’ by suspension of their license. This essay will also assess the effectiveness of punishment. Attempts to neutralize the issue of speeding include implementing warnings showing the severity and consequences of speeding. However, many young irresponsible drivers cannot relate to the seriousness by influence of their peers whom they value higher than authority figures of the law. Golias, J., Kanellaidis, G., & Zarifopoulos. K. (1995) shows that the major reason for speeding is the belief that speed limits are unreliable with a mean grade of 6.67 thus; this supports the idea that people do not perceive road authorities as an influential figure. At a younger age, influential figures are not ones that are necessarily responsible, but they appeal to them in anintrinsic way. In many cultures, speeding is acceptable; growing with this idea leads many drivers to have a habit of speeding (Blincoe, K.M., Jones, A...
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