...According to Chevalier (2007), the motivation defines as a force of moving enthusiasm towards within individual, not an outside to enhance workplace management. Actually, it arrives from the theory of hierarchy of needs which is one of the main criticisms of Abraham Maslow’s “eupsychian” approach to management. The critical point of Maslow is that people can only be motivated by unsatisfied need. When people’s basic need is satisfied, they are motivated by the next higher level or abundant needs. This theory is known to be successful adopted and developed for managing working environment in United States. However, it is wondering if the needs theories of motivation are appropriate in other parts of the world such as Asia. This essay will examine some discussions about this issue to clarify that question. Colvin & Rutland (2008) claimed that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a content of motivation theory which its model identifies five basic needs categories constructed ascending hierarchy order to clarify them as arranged elements to arise employee’s motivation. They are psychological needs, safety need, love and belongings needs, esteem needs and lastly needs of self-actualization. Normally employee’s lower level of needs is requested to be satisfied before the progress of seeking into higher level gratification. Due to the fact that the most difficult part of motivating approach in workplace’s supervision is satisfying the mutual benefits between employee and organisation...
Words: 1894 - Pages: 8
...Analysis of Social Justice in the United States and India Jessica M. Alstad Argosy University Author Note All correspondence pertaining to this work should be directed to: Jessica Alstad, 4305 Grayson Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46228 Abstract Social justice has multiple definitions depending on the country a person resides in. The definition of social justice in the United States differs from that definition in India. Some of these differences can be attributed to historical values that have influenced social policies. However, there are some similarities when looking at the basic ideologies involved. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Keywords: social justice, United States, India, social policy, ideology Comparison and Analysis of Social Justice in the United States and India Many different qualities make up the definition of social justice, both in the United States and India. These definitions are influenced by historical values and ideologies that have influenced social policy. While the definitions of social justice in both locations are different, there are some areas that are similar. The basic ideologies highlight those similarities. The economic structure of a country, as well as any discrimination issues, should also be considered when analyzing social justice. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Social Justice in the United States At the...
Words: 1256 - Pages: 6
...The is a Cultural Division of a Social Hierarchy In an organized society, class distinctions divide the population accordingly. Class distinctions can be separated by financial status, racism, education,and etc. Social hierarchies greatly impact one's quality of life. In the novel,”The Secret Life of Bees,” by Sue Monk Kidd, portrays issues displayed in social hierarchies. Issues portrayed in class divisions can often be bias or racist towards a certain group of individuals that have certain qualities or skills. Social organizations in the novel are separated into two separate spheres. In the 1960s, social groups were separated into white privilege and african american poverty. In 1964 South Carolina, said classes were often split, unequal and an opinion of the author's own morals. In the 1960s, white and black social classes lived in two separate societies but coincided together. African americans often carried out actions for white families such as hard labour or serving as a help because they are deemed as lower and often demeaned. Monk Kidd writes, “Rosaleen had worked for us since my mother died. My daddy - who I called...
Words: 772 - Pages: 4
...of different factors. Race can be defined as a variable that is shaped by broader societal forces, whether it is political, social or economic forces. It is also important that views on race differ from country to country because of different agendas, whether it be to exert dominance or power over other groups. Race can be considered as a social construction because it is used to maintain hierarchies, as seen through it’s lack of biological support and shifting societal views on race. Race is a social construction because it is constantly changing due to shifting societal views on race. First, it is important to note that a socially constructed concept is an idea that is defined as “a perception of a group, individual or idea that is constructed through cultural or social practice” (Dictionary.com). In other words, society creates an idea of what race is, and how races should be distinguished from one another. Race does not have a consistent definition, and can change based on the society that is being examined. In “Racial Formations”, Omi and Winant discuss the use of race as a social concept and conclude that the definition is not rigid, but is used to maintain domination. Omi and Winant believe that this domination is a result of racial formation”, or the “process in which race operates as a central axis of social relations, which then determine social, economic and political institutions and practices (Omi and Winant 19). Racial formation is subject to constant change because...
Words: 817 - Pages: 4
...Social hierarchy has existed since the beginning of time. Yet, the inner workings of the plethora of classes that social hierarchy produces have often been ignored. In America, many people deny that there is a class system at all; This could not be more false. The social hierarchy functioning in the society of America is not only present, the gaps of the stratification system are growing to create greater inequality. Through a closer look at the types of social hierarchy and how they are portrayed through America's culture, it is obvious that social classes do in fact exist. To grasp the concept of social class in the United States, one must first understand what social hierarchy is. Social hierarchy is the acknowledgement that a society is divided unequally. This division creates classes, which can be derived from combination of many factors. There are three dominating stratification systems in our world. The first is the caste system. The caste system is a very unbending structure of inequality. In a caste system, moving from class to class is virtually impossible. Through hard work and perseverance one is still not able to rise in class. Not only are the classes inflexible, they are quite rigid in that there is a thick line between each one. Take India, for example, where a strict caste system is in play. There are five exact levels on their pyramid. At the top lies teachers and religious people. One step down are the warriors. Below the warriors they have the merchants...
Words: 319 - Pages: 2
...was under Spanish rule from the 16th Century until they won their independence on August, 6, 1825. Since then, Bolivia has had more than 190 revolutions and coups. The most recent coup was in 1982. In 2006, President Morales carried out two of his three major initiatives –nationalizing Bolivia’s energy industry and rewriting the constitution. The new constitution was adopted in January 2009, granting indigenous people more rights and allowing the president to run for a second five-year term. Morales’ third initiative is legalizing the growing of coca. Morales’ controversial coca policy, his plans to limit foreign investment, and his close ties with leftist governments of Venezuela and Cuba are a worry to the United States. Morales has referred to himself as the “United States’ biggest nightmare”. On September 10, 2008, President Morales ordered Philip Goldberg, the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia, to leave the country. Morales accused Goldberg of “conspiring against democracy” and encouraging rebel groups who were protesting in eastern Bolivia. November 2008 saw a further deterioration of relations...
Words: 1987 - Pages: 8
...Rosewood, The Story, The Study, The Case Jane Central State University ATH-111 This case study focuses on Rosewood, Florida; a once flourishing African American colony annihilated in the course of a weeklong occurrences of violence in early January of 1923. This study will show the effects of segregation in the United States, which continued after laws were passed, but unfortunately ignored by people who wanted to continue to have power, social control, and inequality over an indigenous group of human being living within their community. Rosewood is a true, however historically-stifled chain of events that took place in small blooming town in Rosewood, Florida. Rosewood industry was cedar wood and mills, and a railroad station that transported products, communal relations between the towns of Rosewood and Sumner were one of tolerance. The African American community were aware of the inequality that was afforded to them, but also made every effort to build a culture of stability, and building a new cultural identity of freedom within an almost self-sufficient predominately African American community in spite of the power structure of its white neighbors and systematic racism (Dye, 1997). With the accusation of violence against a white women the mob viewed this act a direct threat to their social structure and the legacy. Social hierarchy played a major role in the mobs attitude, the violence was almost immediate, and within six days the accusation caused ominous...
Words: 1827 - Pages: 8
...focus throughout the paper. A countries culture can be described as a universal set of norms and accepted practices that members of a region feel exemplify what they stand for and support their actions and mannerisms. The best way to understand the true impact that a country’s culture has on its motivational efforts, is to comparing two varying countries. The countries I am going to compare are the United States and India. The cultures within these two countries vary in almost every way imaginable. They possess divergent expectations regarding workplace factors, career development and motivational influences. Once these differences are stated, it will create a clear picture as to how a countries culture can affect motivational efforts. In the United States, employees react well to a boss is outgoing and friendly. They expect their boss to treat them like equals, and allow them to be independent. On the other side, you have India, where the manager and subordinate relationship is completely different. They operate under a more stringent hierarchical structure. In the United States, a manager will ask their employee, “what career path do you want to follow, and what are your career goals”? As American’s we take control of...
Words: 715 - Pages: 3
...(Bawaba, 2014). The academic reason in which I chose India is that it is very interesting in how one of the poorest countries in the world has developed to be in the position of third largest economy. There are five learning objectives I will research in addition to the required four research questions. First of all, I want to explore the overall business culture of India. There are different perceptions of ethical business practices throughout the world. Second, I will research the role the Indian government plays in conducting business. Third, the differences in the United States labor market and India’s labor market. Next, I will determine if India is going to be of any threat to the US economy in future. Last of all, I will explore the business laws and regulations of the Indian economy. What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in India? Communication, relationships, culture and hierarchy are the major elements of culture within the nation of India. “While English is spoken by many Indians, especially in the business and academic communities and in the cities, there are numerous languages and dialects spoken. Hindi is the first language of approximately 40 percent of the population, but there are 15 other “official” languages recognized by the government and more than 400 spoken languages and dialects” (James 2013). Business relationships in India are...
Words: 763 - Pages: 4
...also help differentiate between child abandonment and the act of a parent placing a child in a better environment that they were unable to provide what it takes to be a parent. Some women neglect their children because may have been raped or just experienced a bad relationship with a male. Because of those past issues the women do not want any memories from her experience and never want to address that part of life anymore. It is bad in most cases because the child is the one that will be affected the most. Let’s take a look at the abandonment laws set in the United States. This law not only focuses on the physical abandonment of a child, however it includes extreme emotional abandonment. The child abandonment law in the United States of Georgia states it is a misdemeanor to willfully and voluntarily abandon a child, and a felony to abandon one’s child and leave the state upheld by the United States Supreme Court. Many surveys have said anywhere from 7,000 to 15,000 children face abandonment a year. It is more than 500,000 children that live in...
Words: 970 - Pages: 4
...Today,many people immigrate to the United States of America in search of one thing...The American dream.There are people like J.G Ballard who think that the american dream is dead and would not ever come back.many people say he is wrong and there are facts to prove it.Most people think that the american dream is dead and that it no longer supplies the world with its images,its dreams,its fantasies.if people think that the american dream is dead because they can not get ahead financially then they are dead wrong.The american dream is within people solely because people control their own actions.The American dream is based on hardwork and determination that these immigrants have.Just because people think that they deserve everything because they...
Words: 1840 - Pages: 8
...Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology http://jcc.sagepub.com Value Hierarchies Across Cultures: Taking a Similarities Perspective Shalom H. Schwartz and Anat Bardi Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2001; 32; 268 DOI: 10.1177/0022022101032003002 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jcc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/32/3/268 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Additional services and information for Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jcc.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jcc.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 23 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://jcc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/32/3/268 Downloaded from http://jcc.sagepub.com at KAIST GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MGMT on October 22, 2007 © 2001 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Schwartz, Bardi / CROSS-CULTURAL VALUE SIMILARITIES Beyond the striking differences in the value priorities of groups is a surprisingly widespread consensus regarding the hierarchical order of values. Average value hierarchies of representative and near representative samples from 13 nations exhibit...
Words: 13834 - Pages: 56
...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
Words: 1383 - Pages: 6
...However, this is not the least to say their "exclusion" has ended. Even in the workforce, African Americans received racial bias when competing for jobs against their white counterparts. Research has shown that "black job seekers were offered significantly less compensation than whites by potential new employers. Second, blacks were much more likely to accept these lower offers than their white counterparts"(Fryer). Research Jorg Spenkuch came to the conclusion that "racial discrimination must account for at least a third of the factors that contribute to black workers receiving lower wages than whites"(Fryer). Now Spenkuch isn't stating that this racial bias exists within every workplace nor is he validating that the emotional states of the employer plays a role in this bias. He is simply raising the awareness that numbers play a vital role. Spenkuch presents us with a scenario "In our model, employers are purely profit-seeking. The employer says, ‘I don’t care why blacks are less productive on average; I know that they are, because of the lower SAT scores and other data that are...
Words: 1430 - Pages: 6
...Part 1: Introduction to Sociology – Social Stratification | Slide # | Slide Title | Slide Narration | Slide 1 | Introduction | Welcome to Introduction to Sociology. In this lesson we will introduce and discuss Social Stratification.Next slide. | Slide 2 | Topics | The following topics will be covered in this lesson:What Is Social Stratification?;Caste and Class Systems;The Functions of Social Stratification;Stratification and Conflict; andSocial Stratification: Facts and Values.Next slide. | Slide 3 | What Is Social Stratification? | Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. The study of social stratification across cultures shows that it has four basic principles.First, Social stratification is a trait of society. While personal ability and achievement play an important role in a person’s position in the stratification hierarchy, it is also a function of the social organization one operates under. As an example, children who are born into a wealthy family are more likely to enjoy good health, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life.Second, Social Stratification persists over generations. We can see that stratification influences society by observing how parents pass along their social position to their children. Social mobility, a change in one’s position in the social hierarchy, is a product of a high-income society, but it is constrained by the social stratification processes. In America...
Words: 4206 - Pages: 17
