...Learning Personality Theories Learning Team C PSY/405 Theories of Personality January 23, 2012 Professor XXXXX Learning Personality Theories Personalities develop and learn from observing others, society, experiences, and the environment. Different theories have been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much...
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...Learning Theories of Personalities Kristie Tripaldi, Tandy Noonan, Charlie Fritz, Jodie Bowes, and Velinda Chandler PSY/405 March 5, 2012 Angela Snelling Learning Theories of Personalities As individual’s study human behavior, he or she notices that there several theories with plenty of philosophers and psychologists to give his or her own personal observations. However, there are several limitations and strengths of learning theories. The three main theorist of the social learning theory are Albert Bandura, B.F. Skinner, and Julian Rotter. Each of these theorists describes how learning theories affect an individual’s personality. Bandura and Skinner’s theories both explain how an individual learns from his or her environment. Bandura’s social learning theory also explains an individual’s reaction to what he or she observes. Rotter’s theory provides reasoning in environment and personal factors that influences an individual’s behavior. Strengths of Learning Theories Behavior analysis can examine the results of behavior through the calculated experiments of individual, social, and cultural context application (Cherry, 2012). Pavlov’s dog is a very famous experiment of behavioral analysis that proves this theories strength. In anticipation of receiving a meal, the dog would start to salivate. Soon, the dog associated food with the white lab...
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...Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Introduction Human development is based on biological development, psychological development, and social development, these three aspects of human development interact with each other, because it helps to create an individual’s identity and personality. Our development defines who we are, our interactions and how we view the environment around us. To understand bio-psycho-social dimensions of human development, having culture competency, and comprehending the general systems theory and how these theory systems works are crucial parts of being an effective human service professional Bio-Psycho-Social Dimensions of Human Development Various aspects of human development are combined together to make-up an individual’s growth and development. Human development contains three dimensions which are, biological development, psychological development, . Each theory differs in terms of the weight or importance it assigns to these biological, psychological, or social factors. Nonetheless, they each acknowledge there is an important inter-relationship between nature biology and temperament and nurture the social environment and life experience in the formation of personality experiences in the formation of personality. These aspects of human development or behavior can be developed by an individual’s culture, family, and community. During an individual’s life span, the foundation of human development begins to change, which...
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...little something to the formula: He suggested that environment causes behavior, true; but behavior causes environment as well. He labeled this concept reciprocal determinism: The world and a person’s behavior cause each other. Adding imagery and language to the mix allows Bandura to theorize much more effectively than someone like, say, B. F. Skinner, about two things that many people would consider the “strong suit” of the human species: observational learning (modeling) and self-regulation. Eysenck’s theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. Although he is a behaviorist who considers learned habits of great importance, he considers personality differences as growing out of our genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily The social learning theory of Julian Rotter represents an integration of learning and personality. Theories (Phares,1976). According to Rotter, individuals consider the likely consequences of their Actions in a given situation and act based on their beliefs. The theory comprises four major variables: a. Behavior potential refers to the probability that an individual will act in a certain fashion relative to alternative behaviors. b. Expectancy is the individual's belief concerning the likelihood that a particular reinforcement will occur as a consequence of a specific behavior. c. Reinforcement value refers to how much the individual values a particular outcome relative to other potential outcomes. d. The psychological...
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...PROCEDURE 3 DATA ANALYSIS 4 * TO ANALYSE THE DATA WEIGHTAGES ARE GIVEN AS SUCH: 4 * DATA ANALYSIS OF CONTENT QUESTIONS & SUGGESTED METHOD 5 DISCUSSION 6 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 APPENDIX- A 11 INTRODUCTION The main aim of this report is to identify the teaching strategies used to teach the topic Partnership in O’ Level Business studies and to evaluate how much students have understood the content by using those strategies. The results will then be compare with the accepted learning theories and evaluate the answers given by the students to check how appropriate the strategy was. To conclude the report, suggestions of different new strategies that could be used to enhance students understanding in this concept will be highlighted. RATIONALE The main aim of any teacher would be making the students understand what is being taught. In a classroom there will be students of different cognitive levels, each of them will have a different method of acquiring knowledge. Learning is a change in an individual caused by experience (Slavin, 2000), the teacher should be able to identify how individual students learn and develop further understanding, after evaluating the students learning method it is very important that the teacher provide learning opportunities that support the academic and personal development of the child. To provide students with learning opportunities teachers could use different teaching techniques. They can use Cooperative learning strategies...
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...Social cognitive theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to | | |reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental ...
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...is an immediate environment where management is applied in order for students to acquire formal knowledge. It is made up of the teacher, students, learning devices, and the learning environment. Management, on the other hand, can be seen as a process of designing and maintaining any setting in which people work in groups for the purpose of achieving common goals. The Oxford Dictionary defines management as the act of running or controlling or skill of dealing with people or situations in any way. Loomiz (1980) defined management as a method where a group of people at the highest level of organization plan, organize, communicate, coordinate, control and direct the actions and activities of people who work for the organization toward the achievement of organizational objectives. In the school setting, in order to achieve its aims, a school has to have objectives, and to achieve these objectives, the various people with responsibilities in the school, especially in the classroom have to plan organize and lead. Classroom management is the term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that the classroom lessons runs smoothly despite disruptive behavior of the students. Many authors have their own definitions of classroom management and most of them agreed that it is a process of maintaining and establishing effective learning environment. Classroom management strategies changes through times....
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...environmental and social factors, and the dominant views in their culture. This will determine your behaviour as an adult. We research upbringing so that if an individual is at high risk of developing criminal behaviour due to his upbringing, the risks can be easily reduced by changing the way an individual is brought up. Upbringing suggests that criminal behaviour can be learnt from others, i.e. if a child observes criminal behaviour he is at high risk of committing a crime. There are three ways through which an individual learns from others: classical conditioning, operant conditioning and the social learning theory. Social learning theory is the idea that we learn indirectly, through others – normally role models (such as criminal family members, criminal peers etc.). In Akers et al study on social learning and deviant behaviour, data on adolescent drinking and drug-taking behaviour was collected by a survey. A large sample of teenagers was surveyed, with a small sub-group interviewed to check the validity of the data. Quantitative data was collected by asking about the frequency of their alcohol and drug consumption on a scale of 1 (never) to 6 (nearly everyday) and qualitative data was collected by asking about their alcohol or drug related experience, why they were involved in alcohol and drug consumption, are they following a role model, what reward or punishment they get by this behaviour and if others (parents etc.) object to their behaviour. Statistical analysis showed that...
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...Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology EARIST Manila Campus Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila College of Public Administration and Criminology THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF WORKING STUDENTS IN EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (EARIST) SY: 2014-2015 A Thesis presented to: Prof. Cinderella U. Reginio Eulogio ‘’Amang’’ Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology EARIST Manila Campus Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for Technical Writing Presented By: Group 2 Students of Bachelor of Science in Public Administration II-3 1. Aplacador, Rose Jane E. 2. Bayanay, Madel G. 3. Buce, Sheena M. 4. Cuenta, Robby Mae L. 5. Dizon, Gelly S. 6. Lachica, Donnalyn B. 7. Manalo, Jollibe C. 8. Ola, Reynier O. 9. Paguinto, Katherine T. 10. Patal, Einiel L. 11. Patlonag, Marryrose R. 12. Perante, John Rey Danniel N. 13. Prado, Daisy N. 14. Soriano, Aldrin S. 15. Trongco, Florante C. September 2015 Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology EARIST Manila Campus Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila College of Public Administration and Criminology APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Technical Writing, this thesis entitled The Academic Performance of Working Students in Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science And Technology (EARIST) SY: 2014-2015, has been prepared and submitted by PA...
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...Importance of Understanding How People Form Perceptions In the case of Joe Salatino, he is the new president of Great Northern American and he bases the success of his company by the amount of money he pays the employees. The firm’s salespeople sell millions of products each year. The lead person of this telemarketing company believes that spending money on commissions and bonuses is necessary to keep his salespeople motivated. The company uses all kinds of motivational tactics in the salesroom to keep the employees engaged at work. Many of Joe’s top workers earn thousands of dollars a year plus commission, but usually it takes about a year for an employee to build up their clientele. With in the article it goes to discuss how the salespeople go above and beyond to build a strong relationship with the customers. Joe believes it increases sales when the employees for a memorable relationship with the customers. As a result, when Joe is looking to hire new people; he looks for them to have great communication skills, be highly motivated and considerate. Finally, Joe looks for workers that know their strengths and weakness and thrive to take the initiative without having to be direct all the time. In the workplace, perceptions quickly become formed whether accurate or artificial. Perceptions and inaccurate assumptions of work habits, personal relationships are mostly form over company gossip. Joe Salatino needs to explain to his employees that perceptions in the workplace can...
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...Social-Learning theory has most influenced my beliefs and assumptions about individuals. Social-learning theory main concept is the idea that behavior learned through watching others. This term is coined observational learning. Social-Learning theory, in contrast to Behavioral theorist , do not believe that reinforcement is responsible for all learning. In fact Social learning theorist Albert Bandura extended research which not included social learning but also included behavioral and cognitive learning to be incorporated. This was the main reason to which some refer to social learning theory as social-cognitive theory. Social- Learning Theory also assume an individual's behavior, environment and personal qualities influence one another. Social-Learning theory believe that optimal observational learning can be acquired through three model. One of which is live model, in live model an actual person is demonstrating the behavior. The next model is verbal instruction. In this model the individual is instructed in detail the behavior and how to engage in that behavioral. The last model is symbolic, influences in this model includes television, radio, movies, internet, literature etc. As well in the model fictional or real demonstration of the behavior. As well Bandura believed that there are steps in which modeling process involved. The first step is Attention. In Attention one must pay attention to the behavior that is being modeled in order to learn. The second step is Retention...
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...Joe Salatino Joe Salatino is the president of Great Northern American, a telemarketing based company located in Dallas, Texas. Salatino scopes the success of this 40 year old organization due to the amount of money he pays employees (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2009). Salatino keeps his 30 plus person sales team motivated by shelling out money on commissions and bonuses. Great Northern American still has the ability to blossom in a competitive market, even with the “Internet users” (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2009). Great Northern American sales team annually sells more than “$20 million in office, promotional, arts-and-crafts, and computer supplies to more than 60,000 businesses around the country” (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2009). Salatino’s employees are able to earn roughly between $60,000 and $100,000 a year depending on their sales. The leader of this organization has developed a system to create revenue and profit while motivating employees. Perceptions and Attributions It is critical for Salatino and his employees to understand the importance and concept of how individuals will form perceptions and make attributions. Perception describes the way people filter, organize, and interpret sensory information (Duggan, 2009). Attribution explains how people act; determining how people react to the actions of others as well. Salatino holds a position where it is his duty to guide and give directions to his employees. His main focal point should be helping his employees understand...
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...concepts and theories that have brought meaning to my life. At some point in our life, we all have adopted some type of theory in our life without knowing it. The Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory, Super’s Lifespan Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory are three theories that explain how my career setting and role-play changed due to certain circumstances and life experiences. The career development is one of the concepts that I have learned to greatly appreciate throughout the Career Development Course. Career development refers to the lifelong psychological and behavioral processes as well as contextual influences shaping one’s career over the life span. As such, career development involves the person’s creation of a career pattern, decision-making style, integration of life roles, values expression, and life role self concepts (Herr et al., 2004). As life takes us for a loop, we will encounter choices that may be difficult to decide upon, but through the process of career development one can make wise career choices. The theory that plays an important role in my life now that I have experienced the workforce and school is the Krumboltz's Social Learning and Planned Happenstance. This theory address factors related to my experiences with others and in previous work situations. Having positive experiences and role models working in specific careers may influence the set of careers we consider as options for ourselves. One aspect of Social Cognitive Career Theory addresses...
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...Social Learning Theory : The social learning approach to motivation focuses on the patterns of behaviour the individual learns in coping with environment. Within this viewpoint, individual differences in behaviour result from variations in the conditions of learning that the person encounters in the course of growing up. Some behaviour patterns are learned through direct experience; the individual behaves in a certain manner and is rewarded or punished. But responses can also be acquired without direct reinforcement. Because we can make use of complex symbolic processes to code and store our observations in memory, we can learn by observing the actions of others and by noting the consequences of those actions. Thus, for social learning theorists, reinforcement is not necessary for learning, although it may facilitate learning by focusing attention. Much of human learning is observational or vicarious. Reinforcement may not be necessary for learning, but it is crucial for the performance of learned behaviour. One of social learning theory's main assumptions is that people behave in ways likely to produce reinforcement. A person's repertoire of learned behaviours is extensive; the particular action chosen for a specific situation depends on the expected outcome. Most adolescent girls know how to fight, having watched their male classmates or TV characters agrees by kicking, hitting with the fists, and so on. But since this kind of behaviour is seldom reinforced...
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...argues that social learning does not require only direct experiences as radical behaviourists of operant and classical conditioning suggest (Wortley, 2011). Bandura (1977) supports his argument with three reasons. The first is that behaviour is learned through observation (Cherry, 2013). The second is that cognitive mediation is an essential part of the learning process (Cherry, 2013). The third is that not all learned behaviour is repeated (Cherry, 2013). This is because unlike traditional behavioralists, Bandura (1977) views the internal mental processes as important as the external processes in learning (Moore, 2011). His reasoning for this is that the modelling process requires attention, retention, reproduction and motivation in order to acquire the behaviour and determines whether they instigate it and maintain it (Bahn, 2001). As such, Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory, later called social cognitive theory is built upon reciprocal determinism (Moore, 2011). He proposed the triadic SOR model, which shows how interpersonal factors; locus of control, self-efficacy and moral disengagement (organism), interact interchangeably with behaviour (response) and the environment (stimulus) (Simon, 1999/2001). This is an expansion upon the pre-existing behavioralist S-R model, which argues that behaviour is purely the mindless response of the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus acting upon the environment (Parish, 2010). Thus it is clear that Bandura’s social learning theory is built...
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