...– Influential Indicators and Measurement Statement of problem Now a days the total population of the world passes the 7 billion mark. The growth rate is also significant. The world's current (overall as well as natural) growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. If the growth rate goes on till 2067, it is expected that the world's population will reach 13 billion (worldbank.org). Many Asian and African countries have high growth rates. For the period 1970 to 1990, the average annual growth rate of urban population was 6.5 per cent for Bangladesh, 3.4 per cent for India and 4.2 per cent for both Pakistan and Sri Lanka (Hugo, 1992). Currently the population growth rate in Bangladesh and Pakistan is 1.6%, in India and Sri Lanka it is 1.3% and 0.9% respectively (worldstat.info). The rate of urbanization is estimated to be 5-6% annually for Bangladesh (REHAB, 2004). About 25% of the people of Bangladesh is now living in urban areas and 34% will be living by 2015 (REHAB, 2004) and 50% by 2025 (Singha D., 2001). Among the Asian countries Bangladesh is the fourth largest with the population of 142 million (BBS 2011), but in terms of the density of population Bangladesh ranked fifth where 1101 people live in a square kilometer. Increased population growth generally represents problems for a country – because of increased need for food, cloths, accommodation, infrastructure, and services. Being a least developed country like Bangladesh, it is hardly...
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...subscribers by 2020 A study reveals that, given the right conditions for growth, Bangladesh could have nearly 20 million Internet subscribers by 2020. The study titled “Towards a Connected Bangladesh: Socio-economic Impact of Internet in Bangladesh Economy,” was released with a press conference organized on the sidelines on the last day of the on-going GSMA Conference on Thursday, 21 January 2010. According to the findings of the report, “with the appropriate initiatives and policy frameworks in place, analysis suggest 18.3 million Internet subscribers in Bangladesh by 2020, equaling approximately 10 subscribers per 100 inhabitants.” These figures translate to a household internet penetration level of 32%, and business adoption of around 66%. Internet penetration has become a major indicator of social/economic development as countries are using Internet to participate in the international economy and to exploit emerging technologies for the betterment of citizens’ life, modernizing both institutions and markets. The internet study was conducted by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) on behalf of the Telenor Group, the majority shareholder of Bangladesh mobile operator Grameenphone. The BCG report was part of an in-depth research into the adoption rate of Internet and its impact in the emerging economies with special focus on Bangladesh, Thailand and Serbia. Currently about 5 million people in Bangladesh use Internet services offered by both mobile and fixed Internet service providers...
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...2306-1669 (Online), 2310-4686 (Print) Journal of Pro Poor Growth An International Perspective http://www.escijournals.net/JPPG ACHIEVEMENTS OF MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS) IN SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION OF REGIONAL CORPORATIONS (SAARC) COUNTRIES: A CASE OF NEPAL Kushum Shakya* Central Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. ABSTRACT South Asian Association of Regional Cooperative (SAARC) countries have achieved considerable progress in socioeconomic indicators like poverty reduction, educational attainment and improved health facilities. The progress, however, is not uniform across the countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the progress made by SAARC with regard to selected Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and its achievement and gap in Nepal. The paper shows; i) Status of SAARC countries with respect to selected MDGs, ii) Achievements of MDGs in the case of Nepal and iii) the gaps to achieving the targets. The paper shows that the most SAARC countries including Nepal have performed poorly with MDGs. It is therefore concluded that there is need to prioritize to meet all goals in post MDGs for Nepal. Keywords: SAARC, MDG, Post-MDG, socio-economic. INTRODUCTION The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of state and...
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...include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide concrete, numerical benchmarks for tackling extreme poverty in its many dimensions. The MDGs also provide a framework for the entire international community to work together towards a common end – making sure that human development reaches everyone, everywhere. If these goals are achieved, world poverty will be cut by half, tens of millions of lives will be saved, and billions more people will have the opportunity to benefit from the global economy. Background: The aim of the MDGs is to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions in the world's poorest countries. They derive from earlier international development targets, and were officially established following the Millennium Summit in 2000, where all world leaders present adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The Millennium Summit was presented with the report of the Secretary-General entitled ‘We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the Twenty-First Century’. Additional input was prepared by the Millennium Forum, which brought together representatives of over 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries. The Forum met in May 2000 to conclude a two-year consultation process covering issues such as poverty eradication, environmental protection...
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...51 Rural Development and Co-operatives Division 1.0 Introduction 1.1 About 70% people of Bangladesh live in rural areas. Without the development of this segment of the population the overall development of the country is not possible. In a developing economy like Bangladesh, for formulating policies for eradication of poverty it is very important to ensure equality between man and woman. Rural Development and Co-operatives Division is working intensively to eliminate poverty and to foster inclusive growth. This Division is also working to empower women economically and socially through women’s education, increasing funds, providing micro-credits and providing employment to women in business. Thus, women’s participation in economic growth is increasing every year and this is a prerequisite for sustainable development 1.2 Co-operatives are worldwide popular tools for poverty alleviation. To improve the status of poor people living in the rural areas, the Government of Bangladesh had setup the Rural Development and Cooperatives Division (RDCD) under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives. RDCD expands rural development through related applied research with multi-purpose actions with poverty alleviation at the core. RDCD also provides opportunities for self-employment of rural people and human resource development. Poverty alleviation is one of the top priorities for the government and women’s development is a n integral...
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...Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City Md. Ashif Hossain Economics Discipline Social Science School Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh August, 2013 Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City …………………………………… Md. Ashif Hossain Student Number: BSS 0 9 1 5 0 8 Session: 2011-2012 Supervisor ……………………………………. Sk. Sharafat Hossen Assistant Professor Economics Discipline Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh A Thesis Paper submitted to the Economics Discipline of Social Science School, Khulna University, Bangladesh in partial fulfillment for the BSS (Hons.) in Economics degree August, 2013 Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City ………………………………………… (Mohammed Ziaul Haider, Ph.D) Head Economics Discipline Social Science School Khulna University August, 2013 Statement of Originality Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City The findings of this Thesis are entirely of the candidate’s own research and any part of it has neither been accepted for any degree nor is it being concurrently submitted for any other degree. ………………………………. Md. Ashif Hossain Student Number: BSS 0 9 1 5 0 8 Session: 2011-2012 August, 2013 Acknowledgement First of all I express my heartfelt gratitude to supreme creator and ruler of the world Almighty ALLAH who has given me the opportunity to conduct my education...
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...brings challenges for Bangladesh and private sector of Bangladesh. By facing these challenges if private sector of this country could success then the country will receive opportunities of globalization. I would like to thank my course teacher Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed (Economic Condition Analysis) for giving us this opportunity for assigning us with this paper. It helps me a lot to know about the challenges and opportunities that Bangladesh and private sector of this country faced and received from globalization while I am making this portfolio. This portfolio helps me a lot to know each and every area where globalization brings opportunities for our private sector and those areas that facing challenges. And this paper will also demonstrate that the main driver of progress has been Bangladesh private sector. Then we like to thank those people who really helped us by providing valuable information during prepare the paper. Read more: http://essaybank.degree-essays.com/business/globalization-for-bangladesh.php#ixzz2EWf1f3By ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of private sector in Bangladesh in the context of Globalization since the change of the first government of the independent of Bangladesh. Actually Bangladesh has undertaken a wide range of reforms to open the economy in the areas of trade, finance and investment. The globalization efforts in these areas have produced some positive results. But in the overall assessment Bangladesh seems to have opened...
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...either as a symbol of universality or for uniformity. This unstoppable trend has homogenised governance on a global scale while depicting authoritarianism as unproductive political modernity. The concepts- globalisation and (good) governance have dominated international discourse for sometime now. The conceptual ambivalence and ambiguity that hover around them, however, are owing to their multidimensional and multifarious perspectives. Definitions Good Governance Before defining good governance, it is pertinent to define governance in order to use it as a point of departure to fully understand good governance. According to WB governance is the “manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development”. According to ESCAP governance simply means “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented”. Good governance has been closely linked to “the extent which a government is perceived and accepted as legitimate, committed to improving the public welfare and responsive to the needs of its citizens, competent to assure law and order and deliver public services, able to create an enabling policy...
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...Obstetric fistula). Maternal death and disability rates mirror the huge discrepancies that exist between the haves and the have-nots both within and between countries. Safe Motherhood begins before conception with proper nutrition and a healthy life style and continues with appropriate prenatal care, the prevention of complications when possible, and the early and effective treatment of complications. The ideal result is a pregnancy at term, without unnecessary interventions, the delivery of a healthy infant, and a healthy post partum period in a positive environment that supports the physical and emotional needs of the woman, infant and family. Working for the survival of mothers is a human rights imperative. It also has enormous socio-economic ramifications-and is a crucial international priority. Both the international conference on Population and Development and Millennium Development Goals call for a 75 percent reduction in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015. This three prolonged strategy is key to the accomplishment of the goal: -All women have access to contraception to avoid unintended pregnancies. -All pregnant women have access to skilled care at the time of birth. -All those with complications have timely access to quality emergency obstetric care. In countries such as China, Cuba, Egypt, Honduras, Jamaica, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Tunisia, significantly declines in maternal mortality have occurred as more women have gained access to family...
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...increased industrial production. However, progress in achieving development goals has been slow. Political turmoil and untamed natural hazards of cyclone and flooding have combined with external economic shocks to persistently derail economic plans. In 1991, with the reinstitution of elected government, a new economic program was initiated that included financial sector reform and liberalization measures to encourage investment, government revenue improvement efforts (realized largely through implementation of a value-added-tax), and tight monetary policy. Income transfer measures, Food-for-Work, and other programs were also implemented to help protect the poorest segments of the population from the transitional effects of structural reform. Fiscal year 2000 was marked by a sharp increase in monetary expansion due to unprecedented borrowing from the banking sector (though the sale of treasury bills) to cover budget shortfalls due. Domestic borrowing increased primarily due to the reduced availability of external concessional financing. For 2001/02, however, the IMF predicted a sharp decline to around 3.5% due to the global economic slowdown and the contractions after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States. Economic Environment During the early 1990s, Bangladesh made considerable progress in stabilizing and liberalizing its economy. As a result, inflation was much lower than previously, and average annual real GDP growth in 1992-98 was above 5%, largely...
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...Co-operative society, its expansion and future possibilities in context of Bangladesh Co-operative Society: A Co-operative society is essentially an association of persons who joined together in a voluntary basis for the further once of their common economic interests. Short Overview on Co-operative Society: The co-operative movement began in Europe in the 19th century, primarily in England and France, although The Shore Porters’ Society claims to be one of the world's first co-operatives, being established in Aberdeen in 1498. The industrial revolution and the increasing mechanization of the economy transformed society and threatened the livelihoods of many workers. The concurrent labor and social movements and the issues they attempted to address describe the climate at the time. The first co-operative may have been founded on March 14, 1761, in a barely-furnished cottage in Fenwick, East Ayrshire, when local weavers manhandled a sack of oatmeal into John Walker's whitewashed front room and began selling the contents at a discount, forming the Fenwick Weavers' Society. In the decades that followed, several co-operatives or co-operative societies formed including Lennoxtown Friendly Victualling Society, founded in 1812. The early attempts at forming co-operatives met with varying degrees of success, and it was not until 1844 when the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers established the 'Rochdale Principles' on which they ran their co-operative, that the basis for development...
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...Paper The role of science and technology education at network age population for sustainable development of Bangladesh through human resource advancement Gazi Mahabubul Alam Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: gazi.alam@um.edu.my. Tel: +6037967 5077. Fax + 603-7967 5010. Accepted 25 September, 2009 Education is supposed to play a vital role for the development of a nation. Many countries made progression through education. Nevertheless, some of them also failed to retain the development achieved since these countries failed to supply required skilled workforce for emerging economics caused by globalization and rapid change of economic pattern. This now forces policymakers to prioritize the production of skilled manpower that can contribute for sustainable development. The countries that achieved sustainable development have given a high priority to science and technology education in formulating education policy. Bangladesh has no more alternatives in order to gain development, except properly utilizing its population. Bangladesh’s economy and human development could have grown faster than its actual progression in the last 25 years (that is, since independence in 1971), if it had earlier taken substantial steps in educational development. This paper has defined a ‘network age population’ for Bangladesh. This paper also suggests that this population is required to provide science and technology based education with...
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...An Assignment On Relationship between GDP & HDI Submitted ToCourse Instructor Of B-University of DhakaDepartment of Banking | Submitted ByMd. Yasir ArafatId No. 62B.B.A 13th BatchDepartment of BankingUniversity of Dhaka | Date of Submission08.o7.09 | Introduction to GDP A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways of measuring the size of its economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (usually a calendar year). It is also considered the sum of value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Components of GDP Each of the variables C (Consumption), I (Investment), G (Government spending) and X − M (Net Exports) (where GDP = C + I + G + (X − M) as above) C (Consumption) is private consumption in the economy. This includes most personal expenditures of households such as food, rent, medical expenses and so on but does not include new housing. I (Investment) is defined as investments by business or households in capital. Examples of investment by a business include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is also included in Investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, 'Investment' in GDP does not mean purchases...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON Date of Submission: 06.08.11 INTRODUCTION This report of Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) aims to assess ADB’s future role and operational strategy in the environment sector and will also provide input to the Country Strategy and Action Plan (CSP). This CEA for 2005-2009 outlines the environmental issues that are most significant to the Bangladesh’s economy. It will also provide background information on the environmental constraints, needs and opportunities in Bangladesh. Over the given period of this strategy document, ADB will be working with the Government of Bangladesh (Gob) for the improvement of the environment sector, wherein this report may be a basis for actions and/or intervention. This work focuses on the aspects of understanding the important features of the Bangladesh environment that need to be essentially understood. The purpose of the report is to present the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects...
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...union etc. Unnayan Shamannay denotes coordination of developmental activities, not in the narrow sense, but in the wider context of all the aspects of a living society and human race - reckoning with all the quantifiable and qualitative actions a society carries out. The members of Unnayan Shamannay have been striving to invigorate and further strengthen private sector initiatives for socioeconomic and cultural development of Bangladesh through a concerted grassroots approach.It is an innovative non-profit research organization of resourceful professionals working in the arena of research and development. It is engaged in quantitative and qualitative research work, training, communication and advocacy, cultural learning and developmental activities. The organization was incorporated in July 1994 under the Companies Act, 1913 (section 26) with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh (The Registration number is C-345 (02)/94).Unnayan Shamannay was conceived in the light of a felt need for an alternative socio-cultural trend, a trend that encompasses the struggle for survival thriving on the creative talent of the people. This trend does not seek to depict the country as poverty-ridden. Rather it seeks to uphold the country as a free and resilient entity, demonstrating...
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