...Soil investigation is often neglected or rejected by most clients on the basis of cost, despite the fact that the cost of carrying out a soil investigation is very little compared to the cost of the project Soil investigation is done for various purposes. In engineering, soil investigation is very necessary. It is essential to investigate the soil of the selected plot on which a structure will be constructed. Based on soil investigation a soil report is prepared for the purpose of designing the building foundation. When an engineer designs building foundation he/she must carefully read the report and design the foundation based on the data provided in the report. Soil investigation is required for the following purposes - To know the allowable bearing capacity of foundation for proposed building. To know the depth and type of foundation for the proposed building. To know the allowable passive resistance for the foundation of proposed building. To know the type, grading and nature of soil. To know the ground water level. Typical steps of soil investigation Soil investigation involves following steps – Details planning for the sequence of operations. Collecting the samples of soil from the plot. Determining the soil characteristics by conducting field tests. Study the condition of ground water level. Collecting ground water sample for chemical analysis. Soil exploration. Testing all collected samples in the laboratory. Preparation of drawings...
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...Conservation, Leadership (2nd Draft Driving Question) How does land use area affect our environment and how are we ensuring that our use of land is sustainable over time? (Original Driving Question) Does human development of land in the area change the local ambient air temperature, air humidity levels, soil temperature, & soil moisture content? Thearea has an economy based primarily on agriculture, with a high percentage of the landscape developed for use in growing and processing produce. We are asking if this development has a significant impact on the environment and if the continual use of this land in this manner is sustainable in the long-term. Washington State Next Generation Science Standards 1. Developing & Using Models. 2. Constructing explanations and design solutions. 3. Natural Resources. 4. Cause and effect. 5. Energy and Matter. 6. Stability and Change. Identify key skills students will learn in this project. List those skills that you plan to assess (2-4) 1. Data Collection, taking samples. 2. Graphing and logging results. 3. Reviewing and analyzing data i.e.; soil moisture content and temperature, air temperature and humidity levels. 4. Public presentation and discussion of results and outcomes on a regular basis and during a culminating event. 5. Use of the Scientific Method. Identify the habits of mind that students will practice in this project (1-2). 1. Thinking Flexibly. Am I only...
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...Soil Conservation Working Group Report This report provided content for the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts first report, Wisconsin’s Changing Climate: Impacts and Adaptation, released in February 2011. THE WISCONSIN INITIATIVE ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS 1st Adaptive Assessment Report Contribution of the Soil Conservation Working Group July 2010 Contour stripcropping in central Wisconsin Photo by Ron Nichols, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Participants of Working Group William L. Bland, Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Working Group Chair and lead author) Kelly R. Maynard, M.S. Agroecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Project Assistant) Jeremy Balousek, P.E., Urban Conservation Engineer, Dane County Land and Water Resources Department Denny Caneff, Executive Director, River Alliance of Wisconsin, Inc. Laura W. Good, Associate Scientist, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconson-Madison Kevin Kirsch, Water Resource Engineer, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Patrick Murphy, State Resource Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service John M. Norman, Emeritus Professor of Soil science, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison James VandenBrook, Water Quality Section Chief, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection Sara Walling, Water Quality Specialist, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and ...
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...establishment and maintenance of a vermiculture and vermicomposting center in Talisayan to accelerate the growth of agricultural activities. This project aims to provide sufficient organic fertilizer (vermin-based) as well as to promote organic fertilizer application to local farmers. Vermicomposting was chosen because its successful use would contribute to the ultimate goal of a sustainable organic agricultural farming. The practice of vermicomposting supports Republic Act No. 10068 otherwise known as the Philippine Organic Agriculture Act of 2010, a landmark legislation to promote, propagate, develop further and implement the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of natural resources, further protect the health of farmers, consumers, and the general public, and save on imported farm inputs.1 It likewise supports the National Organic Agriculture Program (NOAP) of the government which envisions the organic agriculture sector contributing to the country s over-all agriculture growth and development, in terms of sustainability, competitiveness and food security, where at least five (5) percent of Philippine agricultural farm areas practice organic farming; and where consumers both national and international increasingly support Philippine organic food products by 2016. The NOAP aims to promote organic...
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...Name: Date: March 29 2013 Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Using Scientific Method Table 1: Maize Yield From Arable Soil |Amount of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization (kg per 100 acres) |Yield of Maize (mg of dry mass per 100 acres per year) in | | |Arable Soil | |40 |13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...of the building. This is because the soil condition at the site need to be identifies to determine the suitable foundation use for the building. As we know, soil play a main role to support the load that come from the building and the building need a suitable foundation to transfer the load to the ground. Therefore, the investigation of soil need to be done to identify the type of soil to ensure the soil can carry the load. In investigating the soil condition, the probe mackintosh commonly use in this country , Malaysia. Probe mackintosh may consist of two type which it is normal probe mackintosh and JKR probe mackintosh. The difference of these equipment is the degree of its degree of it penetration cone. Although they differ in the slope of Cone penetration but its function remains the same. The purpose of the investigation by using probe mackintosh is to take the soil in the ground as a sample to identify the condition of soil and to identify the strength of soil to carry load from the building. In the process of investigating soil by using probe mackintosh, our group has chosen Lala land which is located in the Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM), Seri Iskandar,Perak to practice soil investigation work by using mackintosh probe. The selection of location is to facilitate the work done. Besides that, we have also given the task to prepare a report relating to the assignment received which we have to identify the condition of the soil at this location and should be recorded...
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...The purpose of a site investigation is to identify the ground conditions which might affect the proposed development. It enables better understanding of the site and immediate surroundings, which will enable safe and economic developments. They are a common requirement of the investors as well as the regulatory authorities. In the broadest sense, the ground conditions are understood to include not only the underlying soils and rocks but also the groundwater regime, any contamination and effects of any previous uses of the site The purpose of a site investigation is to identify the ground conditions which ma, any contamination and the effects o 1.1.1 The scale of problem Various reports over the past 25 years have shown that the largest element of technical and financial risk normally lies in the ground. Ground related problems have led to late completions and high cost overruns on the national scale. Lady using a tablet Professional Essay Writers Get your grade or your money back using our Essay Writing Service! ESSAY WRITING SERVICE In an analysis of 8000 building projects, National economic Development office (NEDO) stated that one third of the projects overran by more than a month, a further one third overran up to a month due to delays due to unforeseen ground conditions. Work in groups or pairs, note down a few points on Why carry out site investigation? 1.2 Why carry out site investigation? The characterization of ground conditions whether for...
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...ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum of 10% crown cover of trees and/or bamboo, generally associated with wild flora, fauna, and natural soil conditions, and not subject to agricultural practices” and deforestation as a “change of land use with a depletion of tree crown cover to less than 10% crown cover”. “A livelihood comprises the assets (natural, physical, human, financial and social capital), activities, and the access to...
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...1.0 Introduction Soil erosion has been accelerated in many areas of the world especially Australia. It becomes a biggest problem in Australia which leads Australians have to confront it. Soil erosion means the removal or disappearance of soil by water or wind. It may due to the poor cultivation, overgrazing and stripping of the land. Today, soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental problems in Australia which threatening farmlands, streams and village. This report below is concentrate on the types, causes and preventing of soil erosion. 2.0 Types of soil erosion There have various types of soil erosion but the two major types of soil erosion that often occur in Australia which is water erosion and wind erosion. 2.1 Water erosion Water erosion is the most widespread erosion in Australia. There have several types of water erosion which is sheet, rill and gully erosion. Firstly, Raindrop can be a main problem for farmers when they strike bare soil. Rain can washes away seed and splashes soil into the air. If the fields are on a slope the soil is splashed downhill which causes deterioration of soil structure (Sydenham & Thomas, 2008). Hence, soil that has been separated by raindrops is more easily moved than soil that has not been separated. Sheet erosion is caused by raindrops whereas rill erosion and gully erosion caused by rainfall. Sheet erosion is defined as the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from sloping land. When rains run off the slope, without...
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...Lab Report Using Gravitational Force as a Measurement Tool Answer the following questions about the results of this activity. Record your answers in the boxes. Send your completed lab report to your instructor. Don’t forget to save your lab report to your computer! Activity 1 Record your data from Activity 1 in the boxes below. Enter the data for the sample you used in each trial (5000 rpm, 10000 rpm, etc…) in the appropriate columns and the corresponding g-force, number of layers, and position of layers position results. You will need to use the following formula to assist with your laboratory report: • G-force =0 00001118 x radius of centrifuge arm x (rpm)2 • The radius of the centrifuge arm for this instrument is 10 cm. | | | | | | |Speed |5000 rpm |10000 rpm |15000 rpm |20000 rpm | | |2795 |1180 |2655 |4720 | |G-force | | | | | | | |4 |5 |3 | |Number of Layers...
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...in a downward spiral of starvation and conflict. Today, Easter Island stands as a parable and a warning for what can happen when a population consumes too much of the limited resources that support it." Using the scientific method, analyze and prepare a report on the story of Easter Island. In your report, include responses to the following questions: Observation: What were some of the key observations at Easter Island? Hypothesis: What hypothesis was formed as a result of the observations? Results: What were the results and conclusions after applying the scientific method? Do you agree with the assertion that Easter Island holds important lessons for our world today, regarding the use of natural resources? Why or why not? Support your answer with examples. Sustainability Easter Island holds important less for the world today, once all the natural resources were used up, the population decreased. Only one resource was eliminated from the landscape of the Island, yet it led to total destruction of a thriving society. The trees of the Island were cut down which led to soil erosion, no trees meant no birds to spread seeds for regrowth. The soil erosion led to less production in...
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...weight and falling vertically through a fixed height of 30 cm along a guide rod. The total number of blows required for the pointer to penetrate a distance of 30 cm is recorded and used as a measure of the consistency of cohesive soil and the packing of granular soil. The relationship between Mackintosh Probe and Safe Pressure is as follows: - P = (2860 + 550 (R - 40)1/2) x 0.04788 kN/m2 for blows > 40 P = Refer Chart for blows < 40 Where, P = safe pressure (kN/m2) R = Mackintosh Probe Penetration resistance in blows/0.3m For more information or site appointment, please call us or drop us a message here. The site investigation is the one thing that must be done before starting the construction of the building. This is because the soil condition at the site need to be identifies to determine the suitable foundation use for the building. As we know, soil play a main role to support the load that come from the building and the building need a suitable foundation to transfer the load to the ground. Therefore, the investigation of soil need to be done to identify the type of soil to ensure the soil can carry the load. In investigating the soil condition, the probe mackintosh commonly...
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...Most of the land is flat, the only steep slopes are to the west near Bureau Creek. The land use is mostly residential. The surficial deposits under my house consist of the Batestown Member of the Lemont Formation of the Wedron Group. The deposits are mostly a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, and clay (Surficial Deposits of Illinois). The bedrock under my house is the Pennsylvanian-age Tradewater Formation. This contains thick layers of shale and sandstone and a thin layer of coal (Bedrock Geology of Illinois). In my report I made several important findings about the natural resources, natural hazards, human-induced hazards, and plans for future use. Natural Resources According to the United States Department of Agriculture the soil in the area around my house is the Drummer soil series. Drummer soils are the most extensive soils in Illinois. They occur on more than 1.5 million acres in the state. They are the most productive soils in the state. A lot of the soil in the area around Princeton is used to grow crops. Our water comes from wells drilled into a sand aquifer. This is good because the hydraulic conductivity is high allowing water to flow through it easily. The closest mineral resource being used is sand and gravel. According to the Illinois State Geological Survey a company named Tri-Con Materials owns a sand and gravel pit near Princeton. Map 2 shows the sand and gravel pit location. Wind energy from wind turbines is an energy resource that is located fairly close...
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...Lecture 6: Soil & Water 1. What is Soil Water? 2. What is Groundwater? 3. How does irrigation affect soil quality? 4. What is the significance of soil erosion? 5. An example from the past: the Dust Bowl 1. What is Soil Water? Hygroscopic • Capillary water • Gravitational water 2. What is Groundwater? • What is an aquitard/aquifer? 1 What is the Water Table? Boundary between unsaturated (vadose) and saturated zones What are the consequences of overdrawing groundwater? • What are the consequences of overdrawing groundwater? • Cones of Depression – e.g. O ll l Ogallala aquifer, U.S. – What is the difference between Nonrenewable vs Renewable R bl groundwater? • 2 What are the consequences of overdrawing groundwater? • Consequences of overdrawing groundwater? • Salt water intrusions: i t i San Joaquin Valley California, 1977 Sinkhole in Florida, 1981 3. How does irrigation affect soil quality? What is irrigation? • Types of Irrigation Drip Irrigation Gravity Flow • Turns inadequate cropland into adequate cropland Center Pivot 3 What is Salinization? • Accumulation of salts in and on the soil to the point that plant growth is suppressed • How can it occur? Land impacted by salinization Positive Feedback Mechanism • Low ppt • Low productivity • • • • • • Initially increases productivity • Positive Feedback Mechanism • Low ppt • Low productivity • • Increase in desertification • Decrease in productivity...
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...Glenfield south and Leppington. The project will provide: * A new rail line between the existing rail corridor at Glenfield and the new Train Stabling Facility at Rosmore including tracks, embankments, cuttings, bridges and culverts. * New railway stations at Edmondson Park and Leppington including commuter car parks. The project civil scope involves the construction of: 1. 11.4 km of new rail line 2. There are seven underbridges to carry the rail line over the road 3. There are 5 over bridges to carry the rail line under the road. 4. 23 box culvert crossings 5. 2 stations 6. 1 stabling yard that holds 20 train sets (cars each) 7. 1 million cubic metres of cut fill earthworks 8. Retaining walls and soil nail walls to the cut areas 9. … cubic metres of concrete 10. …. Tonnes of reinforcing steel 11. An overhead viaduct 600m long at Cowpasture Rd. The work force currently employed directly on site by John Holland is 210 be engineers, supervisor and direct workforce. There are approximately a further 800 workforce employed by the subcontractors carrying out the works. There were also some 200 designers, engineers and draughts people involved in the design work. 3. Works In the following I have selected some of the work activities viewed on the...
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