...src="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/view/banner/image/zone?zid=29&pid=2&position=1" height="240" width="120" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt="Click Here!">< /A> | The paper begins with the background and description of the proposed power source, its advantages, and a tabular outline of three example sites. Concerns for each component of the system are briefly considered. The paper ends with a proposal for further research and a summarization.Due to the hazards of open-pit mining operations, building a Pit Power Tower in an active mining pit is not considered. Unfortunately, data concerning the water fill-rate and infrastructure of the Chuquicamata and Palabora mines was unavailable at the time of this writing. A geo-thermal component to the PPT is suggested, but not considered...
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...CENTRE (DLR), STUTTGART, GERMANY ENERGY Quarterly of the Royal Academy of Engineering Ingenia 18, February/March 2004 Concentrating solar power A review of the technology Is solar power the answer to the ever-growing problems of global warming and depleting fossil fuel supplies? In the first of two articles Hans Müller-Steinhagen and Franz Trieb explain the principles and development of concentrated solar-thermal power and outline its considerable potential for alleviating the constant pressure on our existing resources. Three main technologies have been identified during the past decades for generating electricity in the 10 kW to several 1000 MW range: ● he limited supply of fossil hydrocarbon resources and the negative impact of CO2 emissions on the global environment dictate the increasing usage of renewable energy sources. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is the most likely candidate for providing the majority of this renewable energy, because it is amongst the most cost-effective renewable electricity technologies and because its supply is not restricted if the energy generated is transported from the world's solar belt to the population centres. T dish/engine technology, which can directly generate electricity in isolated locations parabolic and Fresnel trough technology, which produces high pressure superheated steam solar tower technology, which produces air above 1000°C or synthesis gas for gas turbine operation. ● ● While these technologies have...
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...SOLAR PARABOLIC TROUGH 1.0 System Description Parabolic trough technology is currently the most proven solar thermal electric technology. This is primarily due to nine large commercial-scale solar power plants, the first of which has been operating in the California Mojave Desert since 1984. These plants, which continue to operate on a daily basis, range in size from 14 to 80 MW and represent a total of 354 MW of installed electric generating capacity. Large fields of parabolic trough collectors supply the thermal energy used to produce steam for a Rankine steam turbine/generator cycle. Figure 1. Solar/Rankine parabolic trough system schematic [1]. Plant Overview Figure 1 shows a process flow diagram that is representative of the majority of parabolic trough solar power plants in operation today. The collector field consists of a large field of single-axis tracking parabolic trough solar collectors. The solar field is modular in nature and is composed of many parallel rows of solar collectors aligned on a north-south horizontal axis. Each solar collector has a linear parabolic-shaped reflector that focuses the sun’s direct beam radiation on a linear receiver located at the focus of the parabola. The collectors track the sun from east to west during the day to ensure that the sun is continuously focused on the linear receiver. A heat transfer fluid (HTF) is heated as it circulates through the receiver and returns to a series of heat exchangers in the power block where the...
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...Renewable Energy Diffusion Potential India a b s t r a c t A majority of the Indian population does not have access to convenient energy services (LPG, electricity). Though India has made significant progress in renewable energy, the share of modern renewables in the energy mix is marginal. This paper reviews the status and potential of different renewables (except biomass) in India. This paper documents the trends in the growth of renewables in India and establishes diffusion model as a basis for setting targets. The diffusion model is fitted tot the past trends for wind, small hydro and solar water heating and is used to establish future targets. The economic viability and green house gas (GHG) saving potential is estimated for each option. Several renewables have high growth rates, for example wind, Photovoltaic (PV) module manufacture and solar water heaters. New technologies like Tidal, OTEC, Solar thermal power plants and geothermal power plants are at the demonstration stage and future dissemination will depend on the experience of these projects. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction India had a population of 1.1 billion and a Gross Domestic Product of 33 trillion Rupees1 (728 billion US$) in 2006 [1]. A breakup of India’s primary commercial energy shows that more than 80% is supplied from fossil fuels. If we also consider traditional fuels and biomass,...
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...Chapter 4 Concentrating Solar Power Clean energy for the electric Grid Gary Gereffi and Kristen Dubay Jess Robinson and Yuber Romero Contributing CGGC researchers: by Summary Concentrating solar power (CSP), also referred to as concentrating solar thermal power, represents a powerful, clean, endless, and reliable source of energy with the capacity to entirely satisfy the present and future electricity needs of the United States. Concentrating solar power plants produce no carbon dioxide (CO2), thus reducing carbon emissions from electricity generation by approximately 600 pounds per megawatt-hour (BrightSource Energy, 2008).4 The evolution of CO2 emissions regulations, the pressure of international fossil fuel prices, and the experience, knowledge, and technological readiness amassed during several decades of CSP research have launched the technology into a new era of commercial reality. The United States and Spain have integrated CSP into their national electricity supply grids through large-scale commercial plants. Eight of the 13 biggest planned CSP projects in the world will be located in California and Arizona. The Sun Belt region of the United States, particularly the Southwest, is one of the largest areas in the world for CSP exploitation because of its abundant sunshine. In addition to generating a new clean source of energy, expansion of the industry promises to create economic opportunity for many different businesses along multiple stages of the value...
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...world. Solar energy is a natural renewable resource that is available in unlimited quantities and is a great source used for solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar powered cars and calculators. Solar power is energy received directly from the sun, later converted into other forms of energy. It is perhaps the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy resource available. The simplest answer to the question, why I selected “solar energy” for my essay is that, it is the cheapest resource and the more important fact is that it will never terminate. It is currently being used to power solar cars, heaters and other important things but since it is a new invention, it will take some more time to influence the world. Inventors opened the mysteries of transforming the sun's beams into mechanical power more than a century ago. In 1767 a Swiss scientist named Horace-Benedict de Saussure created the first solar collector, it was an insulated cubical box, layered with glass to absorb heat energy. The box later became known as the solar oven producing heat at 230 degrees Fahrenheit. In 1839, another milestone in the solar journey was achieved as a French scientist, Edmond Becquerel defined the photo voltaic effect. He placed two electrodes in an electrolyte and passes sunlight through it, as a result electricity was produced. In easy terms, photovoltaic effect is the creation of potential or electric current in a substance upon exposure to sunlight. In 1947, solar power...
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...[pic] WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY? The term "technology" refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes. The field of "green technology" encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. As the name implies green technology is one that has a "green" purpose. By green we do not mean the color, however, nature is quite green, and the long and short term impact an invention has on the environment is what we are talking about. Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve: energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovation and changes in daily life of similar magnitude to the "information technology" explosion over the last two decades. In these...
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...Natures Energy Group Dennis Ortiz Cell: (831) 535-9790 P.O. Box 1930 Freedom, CA 95019 U.S.A. Office: (831) 427-5300 Fax: (831) 761-9834 Game Changing and Revolutionary for Agriculture Proprietary Solar Thermal Power and Energy Storage System The rising costs of energy, regulatory issues and pollution concerns regarding fossil fuels are causing the COLD BUILDING and PRODUCE PROCESS agricultural community to evaluate alternative energy systems for powering their operations. The proprietary concept and application is to not only utilize the power of the sun to provide the energy, but to have a low cost and efficient method in creating 24/7/365 power storage when the sun is not producing power. Currently: 1. Solar photovoltaic installations have been implemented in some operations and reasonably lowered the utility cost of electricity. 2. Ice plant implementations have been utilized to transform electricity power to cold thermal power during low utility cost periods ( night) and then fed back during high cost periods (afternoons), helping to reduce electricity costs. 3. In process buildings solar thermal systems have been utilized to provide both low grade heat for water and electricity. These have been partial solutions and have lacked the essential ingredient for 24/7 operation which is storing sufficient energy to run during the night as well as the day at a reduced cost. New Concept: We have an optical hyper-energetic...
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...January 2003 • NREL/CP-550-33209 A Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Simulation Model Preprint H. Price To be presented at the ISES 2003: International Solar Energy Conference Hawaii Island, Hawaii March 16–18, 2003 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation...
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...Philippine-German Solar Energy Project (PGSEP) III. Statement of the Problem The establishment or construction of Struktura Brand of Photovoltaic Cell Technology “Perhaps, it would be best to categorize this as a SI project” (Pg. 230 paragraph 4) “The project was to be terminated by the end of the year. Unless they could identify local group to undertake the project commercially” (Pg.229 paragraph 1) IV. Objectives To be able to establish and construct strategy to establish Struktura Brand of Photovoltaic Cell Technology V. Areas of Concern * The Federal Republic of Germany and The Republic of the Philippines Entered into a contract development application of solar energy in the Philippines. (page 223) * A community in Burias, Masbate had indicated a willingness to order the system (page 229) * The quality of work was recognized by the very exacting German technicians form PGSEP (page 230) SWOT Analysis STRENGTH * Quality work * Open for Ventures from Foreign Investors * Nationalistic Company * Great minds behind the owner and its consultant/advisor * Low cost of maintenance and repair of the Solar Home Systems WEAKNESSES * 20 years life cycle of the system * Only 120 waiting list of ready customers OPPORTUNITIES * To establish a Struktura brand solar system * Major contractor of Solar system THREATS * Entry of local companies to the market of Solar system * Creating of more efficient Solar System by the...
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...SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION Without the sun, living life on earth is indeed impossible. Sun as we known is a ball of fire that gives us light and heat. The energy that we receive from the sun is called as the solar energy. With the help of this energy serious problems regarding energy that is needed everyday can be solved. Solar energy means capturing the rays of the sun and storing and its heat. This heat can be converted with the help of solar panels into heat or electrical energy. When we talk about solar energy, there are two kinds of solar energy namely, thermal energy and electrical energy. Thermal energy is something which we can find everywhere and is totally free of cost. It helps us ding our daily chores like dries things such vegetables, clothes, heats water, and many other things. Water can basically be heated in two ways i.e. actively and passively. In active method, when a heating element inside the solar hot water system heats the water during hot season. In the passive method the water is pre heated and flows through a cold inlet that of a conventional electric geezer. Talking about electric energy, the power of the sun is used to produce electricity with the help of solar cells. It can be used through a solar home system that helps in conducting electricity where there is no power supply. Apart from that it can be used a system where the electricity supplying utility is connected to the property and lastly it can be used as a backup system where...
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...ASTOUNDING SOLAR ENERGY FACTS What is solar energy? People often think of solar energy as solar panels mounted on roofs in sunny neighborhoods. This is only part of solar energy (“Solar energy facts,”2012). Solar energy is the oldest energy source. Plants, animal and the microbial life have been using it as a principle energy source since the times of creation. It is in the form of heat and light. In the past years, people have tapped solar energy enabling it to be used at all times; including the nights, in all weather conditions, can be stored as well as be transferred. Solar energy can be defined as the technology used to exploit the sun’s power and make it usable. Solar energy facts * Solar energy makes life a reality. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight and provide food and oxygen which animals consume to live. Human bodies absorb solar energy this helps to regulate body temperature. Sunlight also provides vitamin D, which is necessary to human health. * Solar energy is an extremely clean energy source. It is environmentally healthier than traditionally fossil related forms of energy since it does not emit any known pollutants to the environment. * The earth absorbs approximately 3.85 million exajoules of energy from the sun. This is big compared to the earth’s use of about 56.7 exajoules. The sun is the sole source of solar energy, believed to last for more than 5 billion years. This means solar energy is the most renewable and viable source...
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...continued reliance on them may have significant environmental consequences. Fortunately, there are alternatives. The most powerful one is right over our heads. We are bathed in the clean, virtually inexhaustible energy of the sun. Each hour, enough sunlight reaches Earth to meet the world’s energy needs for a year. To harvest this bounty, we need technology that efficiently converts the sun’s energy into forms we can use. Developing this technology is the purpose of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Program. Powerful Goals, Powerful Technologies The Solar Energy Technologies Program is part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The Program’s mission is to improve U.S. security, environmental quality, and economic prosperity through public-private partnerships that bring reliable and affordable solar energy technologies to the marketplace. It supports research and development on a wide range of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal technologies that convert sunlight into useful energy. Photovoltaic Technologies The majority of the Program’s budget is allocated to PV research and development (R&D). All PV devices convert sunlight directly into electricity. However, there is a variety of materials and processes for creating PV devices, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The major trade-off is between cost and sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency—higher efficiency typically translates into higher cost. Program...
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...towards being green. The Casa Grande plant was built in 1984 ,considering the plentiful sun light and the availability of having water in Arizona . The company decide to install a water recovery system that recycles almost the 75 percent of all the water used in the plant. Five solar photovoltaic solar systems were also installed on plant, enabling two thirds of its power from renewable energy. The Casa Grande plant is ‘near net zero,’ meaning that it is mostly run on renewable energy sources. The team of Frito lay also focused on waste reduction .less than one percent of the plant’s waste currently ends up in the landfill. Frito brought in a biomass boiler that turns agricultural products to provide mechanical power . They use the wastes of the potatoes and the water that is used to wash the potatoes to create mechanical power and heat . There are benefits besides the potential energy savings. Like many other large corporations, Frito lay is trying to establish its green activities to consumers and become more focused on climate change. There are marketing opportunities, too. The company, for example, intends to advertise that its popular Sun Chips snacks are made using solar energy. Through development of more sustainable business practices, efficiency in operations will increase, but also is a good way to have advantage from other business who don’t....
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...David Siders Problem Solving Unit 1Assignment 1 Solar power has been used by many cultures and creatures throughout history, only in recent years have we begun utilizing it as an alternative energy source. Solar power is harnessed through “photovoltaics, solarthermal energy, and artificial photosynthesis”.{1} Using these technologies , we develop different applications such as” solar-panels” {2a} and/or” heaters, power stations”{2b}, and” thermal radiation collectors.”{2c} Harnessing solar power requires a photovoltaic system, consisting of the solar array(the panels, the visible photovoltaic system) and the balance of system ( solar inverter, mounting, cabling, and accessories for setup) Sizes and different system capacaties range from small rooftop-mounted or systems integrated into buildings(ranging froms tens of kilowatts) to larger more industrial scales with capacaties of hundreds of megawatts. “A rooftop system recoups the invested energy for its manufacturing and installation within 0.7 to 2 years and produces about 95 percent of net clean renewable energy over a 30-year service lifetime”{3} Given the decreasing cost for photovoltaic systems, in 20 years time, they could be applied forn use from your home to work and in between! Solar thermal energy is harnessed through temperature-absoorbing collectors, classified by US EIA by low, medium and high temperature ratings. Low-temp. collectors are “usually for swimming pools.” {4a}Medium temperature collection...
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