...While there is not a lot of statistics available in the prevention of somatic symptom disorders, there are some aspects that may help to increase resilience. Three important protective factors against developing somatic symptom disorders could include education, strong social support, and a positive outlook. According to Kearney and Trull in Chapter six of Abnormal Psychology and Life (2015) “Youths with somatization are often female, and their parents are often of lower socioeconomic status and educational level” (p. 156). While this statement allows us to deduct other protective factors such as being male and not being poor, I want to focus on education because it is something we can address with primary prevention. Despite the discrepancies...
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...Objectives for: Somatic and Dissociative Disorders Readings for this topic include pages 152-160 (Somatic Symptoms Disorders) and pages 160-166, 169-171 (Dissociative Disorders) of chapter 6. Remember, information in addition to what is on the pages listed will be discussed in class for some of the objectives. 1) What types of thoughts and behaviors fall under the category of Somatic Symptom Disorders? (Note that you should be familiar with the behaviors associated with specific disorders, such as Conversion Disorders & Factitious Disorders, but you will only be responsible for knowing that these behaviors fall under the umbrella of Somatic Symptom Disorders, not knowing the specific diagnosis associated with a given behavior) i) Real or imagined somatic (physical) symptoms ii) Related abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors a) Biopsychosocial Model i) Biological Factors 1) Physical symptom may be present ii) Social Factors 1) Greater cultural acceptance of physical than psychological problems 2) “Sick role” reinforcers 3) Social support b) Treatment i) Cogntivie Behavioral Therapy 1) Identify reinforcers and elimate or replace them 2) Change catastrophic thoughts 3) Identify and challenge misinterpretations ii) Biological 1) Antidepressants 2) Can Somatic Symptom Disorders include real bodily symptoms or do they have to...
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...condition in which signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy occur when an individual is not pregnant. It is also referred to as a false pregnancy, hysterical pregnancy or a phantom pregnancy. Symptoms of pseudocyesis are very similar to those of a real pregnancy. Some of the symptoms include morning sickness, missing a menstrual period, weight gain, and tenderness in the breasts. A majority of individual’s abdomens with pseudocyesis become very swollen. The abdomen expands so greatly, that an individual actually looks pregnant. The cause of the swollen abdomen may be due to feces, gas build up, urine, or fat. In many cases, the only difference between a true pregnancy and pseudocyesis is the lack of a fetus. One physical sign of this condition that is common to all cases is that each individual firmly believes she is pregnant. Another common physical sign of pseudocyisis is irregularity with menstrual cycles. A majority of women also report feeling the fetus move even though there is no fetus present....
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...The association of Trauma and Somatic symptoms: the efficacy of Somatic Psychotherapy Review Literature The goal of this literature is to investigate the efficacy of utilizing Somatic Therapy for deeper understanding, and better treatment, of trauma impact, through the association of somatic symptoms with trauma exposure. A biopsychosocial perspective of conceptualizing the impact of trauma on individuals would contribute to a new perspective of this association with somatic symptoms- specifically ones that do not have identifiable medical pathology. The Association between past Traumatic events and later manifested Somatic Symptoms In an earlier review of the relationship between medical symptoms- without identified pathology- and psychiatric...
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...Thesis statement: Symptoms (such as loss of memory, hallucination and self-mutilation) and treatments (such as hypnosis, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, somatic treatment and integration treatment) of dissociative identity disorder (DID) will be further discussed. II. Symptoms that may experienced by patients with DID. A. Loss of memory. 1. Memory deviation. 2. Various personality states have various memory fragments. B. Hallucinations. 1. Auditory hallucinations. 2. Visual hallucinations. C. Suicidal tendencies. 1. Terminate uncomfortable feeling. 2. High tolerance to endure pain. III. Treatments that may used for patients with DID. A. Hypnosis 1. Increase information about each identity state. 2. Control...
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...Often confused with schizophrenia, delusion disorders is a condition that involves a person having delusions for at least a month or more. There are two different types of delusions a person can have; Bizarre and non-bizarre. Non-bizarre delusions are delusions of things that are possible to happen. For example, their husband/wife cheating on them. Non-bizarre delusions are most common with delusional disorders. Bizarre delusions are delusions of things that are not possible or that are very unlikely to happen (Delusional Disorder Symptoms, 2013).For example, the person would think they were abducted by aliens. Bizarre delusions are more often associated with schizophrenia than delusional disorders. Usually you cannot identify people with delusional disorders on the street or in social situations because they give no outward signals. There are seven different subtypes of delusion disorders which are given based in delusion theme. The seven types are Erotomanic, Persecutory, Jealous, grandiose, Somatic, mixed, and unspecified (Delusional Disorder Symptoms, 2013). The First type of Delusional Disorder is Erotomania which is also known as De Clerambault syndrome. It is named De Clerambault syndrome after Gaetan Gatian de Clérambault, the doctor who studied and described the symptoms...
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...AND SOMATIZATION DISORDER Laura Bennett Belluvue University I will look at some of the ways that PTSD and Somatization Disorder are alike. One symptom that they have in common is musculoskeletal conditions. Another symptom that they have in common is GI problems. Some of the treatments for both disorders that are the same are cognition therapy and the use of antidepressant medications. I will now look at how each of these is different and also will look at some of the different treatments for each. Somatization disorder is defined as a psychiatric condition marked by multiple, medically unexplained physical or somatic symptoms. In order to qualify for the diagnosis of somatization disorder, somatic complaints must be serious enough to interfere significantly with a person’s ability to perform daily activities and lead the person to seek medical attention. (Brown, R., Schrag, A., & Trimble, M., 2005) One of the theories on the cause of somatization disorder suggest that it is a way of avoiding psychological distress. Another theory suggests that somatization disorder arises from a heightened sensitivity to internal sensations. Usually with somatization disorder there are symptoms of headache, difficulty swallowing or speaking and urinary retention. To qualify for the diagnosis, at least 1 of the symptoms must resemble a neurological disorder, such as seizures, problems with coordination or paralysis. For a definite diagnosis of somatization disorder, 4 criteria must...
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...Analyst of Various Disorders Sonia Oliver PSY410 Abnormal Psychology May 24, 2010 Vallery Tovey MA, MA, CAAC, ICRC Analyst of Various Disorders According to the DSM-IV-TR there are various mental disorders that fall under different classifications. Anxiety Disorder has various listings like OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) is classified under this disorder. Cyclothymic Disorder is classified under Mood and Affective Disorders. Dissoactive Identity Disorder is classified under Dissociative Disorders. Also according to the DSM-IV-TR, Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder is classified under Somatoform Disorder. In describing the symptoms of these disorders under each category, included will be the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral component of above listed disorders. One of the various disorders listed under Anxiety Disorder is OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) were the individual will form recurring and unwanted anxiety that will produce feelings and compulsive routines. The individual is trying to form a way to provide protection for him or herself (Hansell & Damour, 2008). The biological component may include in other Axis I disorder is present; there is an obsessions or compulsion, which is not restricted to it. The individual can form various habits that include; fixation of food that leads to an eating disorder. The individual can begin pulling his or her hair out (APA, 2000). Emotionally the individual’s disorder is obsessions or compulsion...
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...reviews concepts of depression, including history and classification. The original broad concept of melancholia included all forms of quiet insanity. The term depression began to appear in the nineteenth century, as did the modern concept of affective disorders, with the core disturbance now viewed as one of mood. The 1980s saw the introduction of defined criteria into official diagnostic schemes. The modern separation into unipolar and bipolar disorder was introduced following empirical research by Angst and Perris in the 1960s. The partially overlapping distinctions between psychotic and neurotic depression, and between endogenous and reactive depression, started to generate debate in the 1920s, with considerable multivariate research in the 1960s. The symptom element in endogenous depression currently survives in melancholia or somatic syndrome. Life stress is common in various depressive pictures. Dysthymia, a valuable diagnosis, represents a form of what was regarded earlier as neurotic depression. Other subtypes are also discussed. © 2008, LLS SAS rior to the late 19th century, although detailed systems of classification abounded, the main problem for psychiatric nosology was the establishment of the broad major disorders. Melancholia was recognized as early as the time of Hippocrates, and continued through Galenic medicine and medieval times. The earlier connotation of the term was very wide, and included all forms of quiet insanity. It was linked with the humoral theory...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Depression due to infertility: reasons, severity, comparison. Khrystyna Bilyk Experimental Psychological Methods Section KL CCNY 2016 Every year the world has seen an increase in the number of couples faced with infertility, while there is a decrease in the age these of married couple. In many cases, infertility is supported by psycho-emotional disorders. The repetitive thoughts about trying to get pregnant can make psycho-emotional health of couple suffer. Some couples continue to fight for being parent, some of them give up, but all feel equally bad. Thus, there is a circle mechanism: on the one hand, the fact of infertility contributes to a negative emotional state, on the other hand, a destructive psycho-emotional state leads to physical problems and infertility. The ability not to have baby in the family is one of the most serious chronic stressful situations for spouses. Depression and infertility are companions. The impact of psychological state due to infertility treatment result is recognized by almost all researchers. Depression due to infertility are not only harmful to psycho-emotional state of couple, but also is very dangerous to physical ability to have children. P. P. Verbovyi, Comparative Evaluation of Psycho-emotion State of Married Couple. In this article the author dives comparative description of the depression in women and men due to infertility. The clinical and psychopathological observation and examination of 90 couple who...
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...Inventory 3 Description: 4 Rationale: 4 Personnel, Training, Administration, and Scoring Requirements: 5 Population Used to Develop Measure 5 What Are The Symptoms Of An Anxiety Attack? 5 The Beck Anxiety Inventory of the 21 most common symptoms: 5 Scoring: 6 Interpretation of score 6 Psychometric Properties: 7 Reliability: 7 Validity 7 Advantages: 8 Disadvantages: 9 Suggested Uses: 9 Beck Anxiety Inventory used in Pakistani Settings 10 2. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) 11 Rating: 11 Purpose 11 Use in the field 12 Scale 12 Scoring 12 Criteria for interpretation 12 Versions 12 Psychometric Properties 13 Applied in different researches 14 3. Hamilton Depression Scale 15 Description/Purpose 15 Use in the field 15 Scale 16 Criteria for interpretation 16 Psychometric properties 16 Applied in different researches 18 Correlations among Depression Rating Scales and A Self-Rating Anxiety Scale In Depressive Outpatients 18 Limitations 19 4. Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition 19 Rationale: 20 What’s New in ABAS–II 20 ABAS–II Rating Forms 21 Scores Reported 22 Sample Items: 22 Psychometric Properties: 23 Standardization 23 Validity 25 Advantages of Using ABAS–II 25 Adaptive behaviour assessment system in Pakistan: 26 5. Symptom Assessment-45 26 Purpose: 26 Description: 26 SA-45 Scales: 27 Psychometric properties: 28 Reliability and Validity: 28 Norms: 29 Research in Pakistani...
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...Chapter 3 How Body Systems are Affected Symptomatically by Fibromyalgia Symptoms and their occurrence may vary from person to person. Symptoms can cause problems in both work and social settings. Symptoms impact the central nervous system (CNS), the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory system, and the digestive system. Nervous System Symptoms of Fibromyalgia • Brain fog, or fibro fog, occurs mainly in women (88.89 percent of female patients) and after the age of 40. Fibro fog is more frequently seen in patients after age 50. The symptoms are moderate but negatively affects the quality of life and can include: o Mental malaise; o Mental confusion and forgetfulness; o Problems with concentration and attention caused by a lack of sleep; o Impaired...
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...Spinal Cord – protected by vertebrae in the back, the spinal cord is made up of fiber tracts and spinal nerves. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 1) One of the two major divisions of the human body’s nervous system, the central nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. In other words, its job is to get information from the body and send out instructions to the body. * What is the job of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, is made up of two(2) components of the human body: * Afferent System – this system is made up of somatic and visceral sensory neurons. * Efferent System – this part of the PNS controls the somatic nervous system (somatic motor neurons), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system, both of which are made up visceral motor neurons. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 2) The other major division of the human body’s nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, consists of all of the nerves and “wiring” running all over the human body. Its job is to send the messages from the brain, where the CNS resides, to the rest of the body. * Describe what happens with these systems when doing 1 of the following: (for this exercise, I chose ‘eating ice cream’) * Eating ice cream * At times, while eating ice cream, one might experience...
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...Fibromyalgia [pic] Exercise for Special Populations February 17, 2012 Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain and fatigue. It affects approximately 2% of the population, and is more common in women than in men. Central nervous system sensitization affects the entire body, leading to many secondary symptoms. This paper will cover the history, symptoms, and causes of FMS as well as known treatments and exercise prescription for the syndrome. Fibromyalgia has been described as a full-body migraine. Another common explanation is to compare everyday life with FMS as being similar to the aches and pains associated with a severe case of the flu. FMS patients experience intermittent flares, which are episodes of increased symptoms. Flares usually occur in response to physical or emotional stress, a schedule change, an illness or injury, a new job, the birth of a child, etc. While fibromyalgia is not considered a degenerative disorder, its symptoms usually become more severe if the patient also has a degenerative disorder such as arthritis. First, a patient must have experienced continuous pain in all four quadrants of the body for at least three months (Wolfe et al., 1990). Doctors will usually order many tests in order to rule out other conditions that might be confused with fibromyalgia. The key diagnostic tool for FMS is the tender point exam. No more than...
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...------------------------------------------------- Somatoform disorder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Somatoform disorder | Classification and external resources | ICD-10 | F45 | ICD-9 | 300.8 | DiseasesDB | 1645 | eMedicine | med/3527 | MeSH | D013001 | In psychology, a somatoform disorder is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).[1] The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder. [2]Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 25 years. [3] Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers perceive their plight as...
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