...Abstract 3M utilizes a variety of marketing information sources. They produce thousands of products that are offered in several different market segments. “3M is not a conglomerate like GE or United Technologies, which own a variety of industrial businesses that operate, for the most part, on their own.” (Gunther, 2010). This diversification makes it difficult to stick to specific marketing information resources. “Instead, 3M — a supplier to all of those companies– is a set of businesses organized around a big, busy and intellectually productive R&D lab which researches new technologies and processes and then develops them into products” (Gunther, 2010). 3M must utilize many different strategies that are specific to each division. They do however, have one strategy that has proven to be useful in all market segments. 3M refers to the strategy differently in each segment and gathers the data in different methods, but essentially is using the same method to accumulate information. In the recent past 3M has struggled with being an “open” research and development company. While they have been able to become a leader in innovation and technological advances, they have failed to make gains in service and business model innovations. This was from a lack of external research efforts. The research and development was done in reverse. The department would research a segment of an industry to find an area that could use improvement and then try to align their new product with...
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...During the course of exchanging information with my learning team on whether Wikipedia is a credible source of information, my team mates have expressed doubts and concerns about the validity of using Wikipedia as an information source for writing papers. The ability of anyone to edit the information posted on Wikipedia and the question of whether the sources cited in these articles are truly valid are two main sticking points. Wikipedia itself has acknowledged “Allowing anyone to edit Wikipedia means that it is more easily vandalized or susceptible to unchecked information.” (Wikipedia, 2008) While my team mates acknowledge that Wikipedia has interesting information in general, they view it as more of a current events site. They do not believe that information that can be randomly added to or edited by just any person is a verifiable source. They are against using the information obtained from Wikipedia as a valid reference source. My position is that I believe Wikipedia is a credible source of information when used as part of a research mechanism for the following reasons: 1. Research on the reliability of Wikipedia has consistently shown that the online encyclopedia’s accuracy is similar to traditional Encyclopedia Britannica. (Messner and South, 2011) In a comparison between traditional German encyclopedia Brockhaus and German-language Wikipedia, it was shown that Wikipedia rated higher overall in accuracy, completeness and currency. (Guentheroth and Schoenert, 2007) ...
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...Is Wikipedia a credible source of information? From learning experience I was involved in a project where I had to research parent and subsidiary information for corporate entities and document my findings. After the research results were documented I had to create records for every subsidiary entity that rolled up to the ultimate parent company. A research list was provided for the research efforts and list noted was that the Wikipedia website was only to be utilized as a reference point as the data was not credible. Wikipedia was a source to obtain preliminary data and as a cross reference tool as some of the information was either contradictory or not available. Some of the required information required entity's complete name, headquarter address, corporate structure/shareholder information and subsidiaries. A good portion of the data was found through the Edgar website which is a site were "All companies, foreign and domestic, are required to file registration statements, periodic reports, and other forms electronically through EDGAR. Anyone can access and download this information for free. Here you'll find links to a complete list of filings available through EDGAR and instructions for searching the EDGAR database." http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml Another website referenced was the entity's website which mirrored the information found on the Edgar or any other regulatory website. Wikipedia was not included as a source in our documentation reports as it was only used as...
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...Reliable Sources of Criminal Justice Information In 1968 the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice was established. In 1978, it was renamed National Institute of Justice. Headed by a political appointee of the President, its primary mission is to deliver tools and knowledge to the state and local level offices. These independent, evidence-based tools help law enforcement officers overcome everyday challenges of crime and justice by minimizing risks and improving daily operations. The Justice Research and Statistics Association is an organization which works together with the Statistical Analysis Center directors, researchers and practitioners from all branches of the government. Their use of data analysis and applied research enables them to create undisputable criminal justice policies. Its website is virtually an unlimited gateway to criminal justice resources. Comprised of law enforcement executives from city, county, and state agencies, The Police Executive Research Forum strives to improve professionalism and policing in public policy debate through involvement and research. SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics was created for the states, by the states. Its purpose is to assist in the development and effective operation of information sharing capabilities between local, state, and federal agencies. The Justice Research Association based in Hilton Head, South Carolina serves as a policy institute...
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...Budgeting[pic]External Environment to Budgeting[pic]National Health Service Structural Changes in the National Health Service [pic]Accounting and Budgeting Practice [pic]Financial Framework[pic]Developments in NHS Budgeting[pic]Sources of Further Information October 2005 External Environment to Budgeting: NHS This section identifies the external factors and developments which influence budgeting in the national health service, summarising the main developments which have taken place in recent years. Introduction The information in this section refers to the NHS in England. There are substantial organisational differences in the NHS in Scotland and Wales The NHS is the biggest organisation in Europe in terms of the number of people it employs. At the top level of the structure is the Department of Health (DOH) the government department which makes decisions on the future direction of the NHS and secures funding. Further down the structure are Strategic Health Authorities (SHA’s) which oversee services on regional basis. At local level Primary Care Trusts (PCT’s) are responsible for assessing the needs of people in their area, commissioning the appropriate services and monitoring General Practitioners (GP’s). Actual delivery of services are carried out by Primary Care services (GP’s, Dentists, Opticians, pharmacists , NHS walk in centres) and Secondary Care Services ( Acute Hospitals, mental hospitals and ambulance trusts). The NHS operates on a purchaser/ provider...
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...SOURCES OF FINANCE Matching the appropriate source of finance to a situation This is a paired exercise. The aim is to match the situation to the most appropriate source of finance. CASE STUDIES NEW MINIMARKET Roy Bhuvnesh has been made redundant after 20 years with a major organisation and has received a lump sum redundancy payment of £70,000. He is planning to set up a new minimarket and has identified suitable premises valued at £180,000 in Green Lane. BUYING A NEW FREEZER CABINET A small newsagent in Green Lane has decided to purchase a new freezer cabinet and oven/roasting unit to provide hot meals for local workers and for pupils at Northwood School which serves the surrounding area. The cost of the units is £8,500. MOBILE CAR VALET SERVICE You have just passed your driving test and along with a friend are setting a business to offer a mobile car valet service. This would involve them travelling to people’s homes and washing and internally cleaning customer cars. They are hoping to attract private customers and local garages who sell second hand cars. RE-LOCATING TO SWANSEA Sentinel Industries plc are planning on moving a major part of its production facility to Swansea. It has identified a site near a former chalk pit that is now not used. The estimated cost of the facility is £10 million. BUYING NEW EQUIPMENT Lucas Engineering Ltd with an annual turnover of £3.5 million has decided to install new machinery to help improve its productivity...
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...Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary source of information Sources of information are often considered primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on their originality and proximity of when it was created. Consider if it is an original work, or whether it evaluates or comments on the works of others. Also consider the proximity, or how close the information is to a first-hand account or if it is after the fact. Sources of information are often considered primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on their originality and proximity of when it was created. Consider if it is an original work, or whether it evaluates or comments on the works of others. Also consider the proximity, or how close the information is to a first-hand account or if it is after the fact. PRIMARY SOURCES DEFINED Primary sources are first-hand accounts or individual representations and creative works. It can also be said to be information that has been stated but not interpreted. They are created by those who have directly witnessed what they are describing, and bring us as close to the original event or thought as possible without being filtered, influenced or analyzed through interpretation. They tend to be original documents that don't usually describe or analyze work by others. Primary information is in its raw state Primary sources may be published or unpublished works. Primary source means it is original article or book created by individual or sometimes a group of people. It may be surprising...
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...collaboratively by a largely anonymous internet volunteers who write without pay. (Wikipedia:About, 2012) Wikipedia has at least 4.8 billion visitors annually, over 85,000 active contributors working on over 21 million articles in 280 languages. (Wikipedia:About, 2012). As a result of this open model, Wikipedia has emerged as one of the largest repository for information besides the encyclopedia Britannica, but does the high number of contributors and volume of information guarantee the credibility of the authors and validity of the information in the Wikipedia encyclopedia? This is one challenge that the owners of Wikipedia will have to contend with for a long era. Credibility strengthens a research work (Spatt, 2011, p. 347) and greatly depends on the author’s qualification (Spatt, 2011, p. 348), regrettably, Wikipedia is written largely by amateurs because they have more free time on their hands and are make rapid changes in response to current [ (Wikipedia:About, 2012) ] events rather than people with relevant educational background and professional experience. The fact that anonymous contributions are allowed on Wikipedia is another source of concern around its credibility and when those with expert credentials make contributions they are given no additional weight which could have assisted the users to judge the credibility or otherwise of the contributions. In addition to this is the absence of an editorial board that could have helped to review and edit the contents before they become...
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...| Apple Inc. Use of Information Sources | | | Adam Pasetchnik-MBA6012-u02a1-1/19/2014 | | | Apple Inc. current theories, models and practices of marketing * Current Marketing Theories: Apple Inc. current marketing theories are still based on Steve Job’s marketing strategy is to “Sell on Value, Not Price”. The marketing strategy can be summed up with three points, “Empathy”, “Focus” and “Impute”. Apple has the great ability to connect (empathy) to the core of the customer with their emotional wants and desires and creates something that you cannot live without (Nosal. 2013). You just cannot imagine today not having your iPad, iPod, or your iPhone that so many of us use today. The second is “Focus” in doing the best job you can eliminate all the unimportant opportunities (Moorman, 2012). Apple is more focused on the customer’s needs more than any other company in the marketplace. The last point is “Impute” to have the best product, the highest quality and the most powerful software, they impute the desired qualities into their products. * Current Marketing Models: Apple has a great marketing mix which has the combination of four elements called the 4P’s (Price, Products, Place and Promotion). This gives the company a good combination to add, subtract or modify in any way to generate the desired marketing strategy (Armstrong & Kotler. (2005). * Current Practices of Creating Market Value: One of the most important marketing...
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...Coca-Cola Use of Information Sources Coca-Cola is a company that is known worldwide for its product. It is a drink that spans all ages, colors, races, and countries. The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The world’s headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, with many other locations around the country. The Company and its subsidiaries employ nearly 31,000 people around the world. Syrups, concentrates and beverage bases for Coca-Cola, the company’s flagship brand, and over 230 other Company soft-drink brands are manufactured and sold by the Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world (Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Internationally, Coca-Cola has adopted a global strategy that includes sponsoring professional sports leagues, music artists or groups and the Olympics. For example, the company advertises with the NBA, World Cup Tournaments, the NCAA and popular music groups such as Maroon 5 (Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Coca-Cola pays several million dollars in order to have the exclusive rights to advertise or partner with these events. Although it is an expensive way to advertise, the benefits extend far past the cost of advertising. Millions of viewers worldwide tune into or watch these events and the brand exposure is enormous. Viewers are exposed to the brand and the Coca-Cola brand becomes synonymous with that popular athlete, league or artist...
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...Task 1 : Explain different types of information, their sources and purposes. Misco used various types of information in their website like written, on-screen, multimedia and web based information to communicate with their stakeholders. Misco use web based information to spread information and it gives them the benefit to communicate anywhere around the world. As one can see Misoc’s website it divided in various sections all targeting different areas and giving information in a very user friendly , targeting anyone who is intrested to view their website. One can find a section for their stakeholders, about their marketing and research within the company, offering a subscription section for anyone who would like more information to inform himself more. Misco update its website continuously offering latest news and upcoming courses in the future. This is generally controlled by the IT department help bay the Marketing Department to write the text and help in the image of the company through the website. Their website cater interested persons who would like to take a course with Misco , or organisation who wants to upgrade their organisation and give training to their employees or want to benefit from the services in Human Resources or Market Research. Written information is used a lot especially in different ways n businesses to get their message through and give information to their stakeholders. It is an everyday use in various ways , in emails to their staff and...
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...analysing the different types of business information used at Apple inc. and where each information source comes from in their organisation. Verbal information Apple use verbal information. Verbal information is a way of communicating by saying or expressing your thoughts in to words for example by having a conversation with someone this is where verbal information is shown this is because they are speaking. An organisation has to use information verbally as they are selling products which means you have to be persuasive by using words through speech. They also use verbal information to communicate internally between staff and partners. This may be done face to face or even through the phone. Apple use verbal information to talk and communicate with customers in stores or even over the telephone. Verbal information is very essential in an organisation like Apple The main advantages or verbal information are: • Its quick and efficient • Quicker to give someone an understanding of something as you can explain in more detail • Easier to get point across • Quicker to get a reply There are many advantages but there are also disadvantages: • People easily forget as if someone was to tell them allot of information verbally they wouldn’t remember everything they have said • Lack of understanding, this may be from the persons speech or the way that they are talking The advantages of verbal information The advantage of verbal information is that it’s the fastest way of interacting...
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...M1: Analyse different types of business information and their sources To: Directors of New Look From: Caitlin Woods Subject: Analysis of different types of information and sources in New Look The aim of this report to focus on how effective communication of New Look, through analysing the different types of business information and their sources. The sort of information I will be analysing will the verbal & written information and the internal & external information and I will including the benefits of all of these types of information. I will also be explaining why New Look as a company use these types of business information. New Look are very big company that was founded in Taunton 1969 who have now become a worldwide business with stores all over many different countries. They use many different types of information in order to provide great customer service, meet customer needs and satisfaction. However, not everything is about meeting the customer’s needs. Verbal & Written information is one of the major part of business information that New Look use in order to meet their goals and provide the best possible customer they can give. Verbal information which is verbally communicating through speak. It includes using your phones, voicemail, presentation, videos, meetings, interviews, radio, video call and face-to-face. Verbal information is very important for New Look as they don’t just use face-to-face with customers; they also use it with employees on...
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...Cornelius Ademule Task1: Explain the different types of business information, their sources and purpose. TESCO Introduction Business information is important to an organisation because it helps the business to grown and develops including the external information that is brought into the company to help their aims and purposes. Business information could be gathered through external and internal information Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer. As a big business it has its stakeholders. The communication is one of the most important things in the relationships between stakeholders. Communication needs to be effective in business. It is the essence of the business management. There are many categories of communication eg. oral, video, written, graphical, and multimedia used in a business information; sources would include department who provide the information, and the purpose of information. Category | Type of business information | Source(s) of information | Purpose of information | WrittenThis type of information could include emails, text, letter, memo, financial documents, etc.E.g. Notification for the next meeting, could be delivered through email. | The email could include information and details (date, time and topics) for the next meeting in Finance Department, about the prices and discounts. | Manager of Finance Departments could give this information to the employees. | The purpose is to notify the employees for...
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...could be a firm that you work for, a shop that you visit regularly or even a family business. Your interview should find out the following: • The types of information they use with examples • The sources from which they get information • The purposes to which they put the information Different Types of information There is a different and wide variety of ways information can be used and sourced, and with an effective business person, they will research the information from a range of different sources before making that decision on which one their business should use. The types of information are: Verbal, written, onscreen, multi-media, and web based. Verbal information This type of information is based on a face-to face verbal communication and is considered the best way to communicate both internal and external. This means there is less scope for misunderstanding and it allows both verbal and non-verbal messages to go through. This is with the constraints of time and budgets in business, and it is not always possible or practical to meet the person, this is such as using telephone conversations, face time, that are also useful ways to communicate verbally, but it is still as important always to use a combination of methods. These ranges of verbal communications are huge as many businesses use this method for information, as speech enables complex ideas to be expressed and discussed. This means that although the absence of speech wouldn’t prevent us from communicating effectively...
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