...1 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 2 I. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Mars Odyssey Overview and Missions ................................................................................................. 3 III. Launch Vehicles .................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Aerobraking........................................................................................................................................ 5 V. Instruments ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) ................................................................................ 6 2. Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) .................................................................................................. 7 3. The Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) ................................................................. 7 VI. Results ............................................................................................................................................... 8 VII. Legacy ............
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...integration and operational efficiencies desired to ensure affordable admission to the space-based capabilities that are relevant to fill the range with U.S diplomatic, information, military, and economics needs. According to Kirtland Air Force Base, article wrote by Sheila Rupp, Many government groups and agencies, to embrace all the military agencies, have been functioning together on the ORS effort," Dr. Sega emphasis. "The official stand-up of the joint ORS Office will be a significant step for the future of ORS, providing a significant link in coordinating the cooperative, joint determinations throughout DOD and the national security space area"(Rupp, 2007). After defining the background for Operationally Responsive Space, I going to research and defines what is Operationally Responsive Space, Why is the lack of effective ORS a problem for military, space operations and what is the...
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...28, 2015 An illustration of the Maven spacecraft approaching Mars on a mission to study its upper atmosphere.NASA Craft Is Orbiting Mars, to Study Its AirSEPT. 21, 2014 A painting of early Mars, showing shallow seas across the northern lowlands and weather systems drifting in a denser atmosphere than today's.Looking to Mars to Help Understand Changing ClimatesDEC. 8, 2014 “What this tells us is loss through space has been an important process,” said Bruce M. Jakosky, a scientist at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado and the principal investigator for the Maven mission. Photo An artist's rendering of a solar storm approaching Mars. Credit NASA Goddard Space Flight Center The answer to what happened to the Martian air is key to understanding...
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...I. Introduction: The purpose of this paper is an overview about the current space tourism industry with advanced developments of space vehicles. Until now, seven tourists have ridden Soyuz spacecraft, a Russian spacecraft, to the International Space Station. Capturing the potential demand of space tourism, many private companies began to introduce their new and well-designed spacecraft promising to enable tourist to travel to space. From now to the next couple of years, we are expected to see many launches including testing and commercial flights into suborbital and low Earth orbit. There are also some private companies, who were awarded by NASA for their space programs to carry astronauts to the space station. II. Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites (Suborbital): Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites founded by Burt Rutan designed a unique type of spacecraft. Using a mothership aircraft, the space plane will be carried to midair and then be released to launch toward the edge of the atmosphere. Using carbon composite construction, the company has introduced two version of the space plane: SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo along with two model of the mothership aircraft: WhiteKnightOne and WhiteKnightTwo. (Ref 1,3) A. Spaceship: a. SpaceshipOne – WhiteKnightOne: Scaled Composites first launched the SpaceShipOne to the suborbital in 2004 while the first of WhiteKnightOne was in 2002. Overall, the WhiteKnightOne’s features are carriage and launch of payloads up to 7...
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...universe. To Know, or Not to Know: That is the Question I have been a student of Carl Sagan since my youth. His way of explaining very complex scientific facts and theories spoke at my level. I can still remember how he compared human civilization to the age of the universe: if the age of the universe were a 12-month calendar year, recorded human civilization would be represented as the last 10-seconds of that year. Wow! I could get my brain around that idea. This seemed to be the answer to all the science, mathematics, and English questions I had as a high school student trying to make sense of it all. Once again Carl Sagan applies his ability to bring the very complex to the level of the average junior scientist in his paper titled Can We Know The Universe? Reflections on a Grain of Salt. In his essay, he uses a single grain of salt to illustrate that there are more sodium and chlorine atoms in that grain of salt then there are neurons in the human brain. There are some 10 quadrillion atoms in a grain of salt, but only about 100 trillion neurons in the human brain. The implication is that it would be impossible to know all 10 quadrillion atoms...
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...NASA Research Paper Chelsea Best 4138567 LSTD 300 Professor Kerney Since its beginning the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been pivotal in the scientific advancements made in the United States. Their vision, “To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.” The scientist and researchers for NASA are trying to answer questions not just about the universe at large, but also about everyday human lives here on Earth. There are four focuses of NASA’s activity, called mission directives. Aeronautics, which focuses on meeting the worldwide demand for more eco-friendly and sustainable aircrafts. Human Exploration and Operations which involves operations on the International Space Station (ISS), developing commercial spaceflight and the ability for humans to explore beyond low-Earth Orbit. Scientist are exploring not only the Earth itself, but the universe beyond as well and works on charting the best exploration paths for us to continue discovering the universe. Space Technology is the final mission directive of NASA which combines elements from the others to develop and create the most innovative technology to aid future missions. NASA is also working hard to aid in the development of a private sector in space travel. Their hope is that by commercializing some aspects of space travel, such as routine trips to the ISS, more of their resources will be available for furthering their overall goals...
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...Research Paper Mental Health Irene Forchu VNT [pic][pic] Buzz Aldrin’s personality, his medical history, and his perceptions of his condition Introduction. This paper will present Buzz Aldrin as one of the prominent celebrity who was diagnosed with a mental illness. It was reported in June 2009 that he suffers with clinical depression and alcoholism but later improved his life considerably when he recognized and sought treatment for his problems. He is about 81 years and show signs to leave for another decade or more. This article will describe Buzz Aldrin personality as a celebrity, his diagnoses, his life history and his perception about his illness. All these will be summarized under the following subheadings; His personal life, History and achievements, his diagnoses and conclusion. Personal life Aldrin has been married three times: to Joan Archer, with whom he had three children, James, Janice, and Andrew, to Beverly Zile, and to his current wife, Lois Driggs Cannon, whom he married on Valentine's Day, 1988. He filed for divorce from Lois on June 15, 2011 in Los Angeles, citing “irreconcilable differences,” according to his attorney, one day after the couple separated. Aldrin is an active supporter of the Republican Party, headlining fundraisers for GOP members of Congress. In 2007, Aldrin confirmed to Time magazine that he had recently had a face-lift; he joked that the G-forces he was exposed to in space "caused a sagging jowl...
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...Michael D. Lemonick in “The Path to Pluto” before nine years ago NASA lunched a spacecraft to Pluto. The spacecraft should arrive Pluto on July 2014. What the astronomers will learn from this journey is that they will receive images and information about Pluto, but sending the information from Pluto to Earth will take nine hours for a single image and it is traveling at the speed of light (Michael D. Lemonick). Also, Christopher Crockett said that “They may find nitrogen volcanoes or hints of a bygone subsurface ocean. The probe will also explore why Pluto’s tenuous atmosphere is leaking into...
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...Pat Mouwdy 0831545 ESS 102 AE The Curiosity Mars Rover has become a Twitter celebrity these past couple years. In the upcoming science-fiction paper, we will be taking a look inside the mind of curiosity to see what his day-to-day life is like on Mars. Specifically, it will discuss Curiosity’s inception, construction, fictitious rise to sentience, journey to Mars, as well as give a glimpse into its first couple years on the Red Planet. The aim of this paper is to explore the technological advancements specific to robotic missions to space that were required in order to make the Curiosity mission possible. In today’s world, one tends to take robotic space travel for granted. However, it has not always been as easy as it is now. In fact, it is still a very complicated process that takes thousands of people and...
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...Chao Tang 1565604 ESS 102 Science Research Paper Space Debris Sci-Fi Story In 2800, Jack and his family travel to the outside of the earth by driving their own aircraft. But they don’t really enjoy their trip very well. Jack said that they seems like live in a big trash yard. There are trash everywhere. Gloves, pieces of objets, and even human’s excrements. It’s not a pretty place what we image. We cost a lot time on fixing our aircraft, because when some little space debris hit it, we need to fix it. And also, we get lost all the time. We follow the way what the map shows to us. But some of them are blocked by debris, we have to change the direction. Jack and his family hope that scientists can clean up the space and give them a beautiful world. So what are these debris? Where are they from? How can we solve these? Why space debris? Because that the space is getting messy. Space trash is a big problem. The amount of debris orbiting keep growing ever single year. disrupting satellites and occasionally putting astronauts in harm’s way. if the problem gets severe enough, it should eventually make low-earth orbit unusable. Since 1970s, some scientists have been worrying about the space debris. How fast the space debris orbiting the Earth?...
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...which means any object seen in the air that is not identifiable. These unusual aerial phenomena have been discussed and spotting for centuries, however, according to Wikipedia, the UFO craze really started in 1947 from Roswell UFO incident, after the Second World War. Since then, many UFO sightings have been reported worldwide. Yet, almost all of them end up being IFOs – Identified Flying Objects, as bright planets or stars, aircraft, balloons, flares, peculiar clouds, meteors, and satellites. The remaining sightings are hard to confirm due to the lack of photographic taken, inaccurate reporting, or delusions. Some people have given evidences to support the appearance of the UFOs, arguing that there is a conspiracy to hide the truth. The paper deals with UFOs phenomenon, which is an unexplained aerial event that has happened for a long time. It discusses the evidences of UFOs’ existence and the question of whether we are not alone in this universe as well as the theories surrounding these aerial events. 2. Discussion of findings 2.1. The Evidences For centuries, the UFOs reports have been familiar with people throughout the world. According to UN (2011), it is estimated that since 1947, about 150 million people have witnessed the UFO phenomenon and most of the reports from these people are general sighting. Many picture and video have been taken and recorded to be the evidence of this unexplained aerial event, however, this type of evidence is not convincing enough...
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...9-603-062 REV. OCTOBER 29, 2002 DOROTHY LEONARD DAVID KIRON Managing Knowledge and Learning at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Downsizing at NASA over the last decade through attrition and buyouts has resulted in an imbalance in NASA’s skill mix.1 — The President’s Management Agenda, Fiscal Year 2002 By the end of this decade, many of the most experienced scientists and engineers at NASA and JPL are going to retire. If we don’t have systems in place to retain more of what they know, our institution is going to suffer. — Jeanne Holm, Chief Knowledge Architect for NASA In the spring of 2002, Jeanne Holm, Chief Knowledge Architect for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), was giving a tour of JPL. Stopping at a viewing stage above JPL’s mission control center, Holm explained the growing need for knowledge management at NASA: Almost 40% of JPL’s science and engineering workforce is currently eligible for retirement. In just four years, half of NASA’s entire workforce will be eligible. Many of these people are the most experienced project managers—the people who worked on Apollo (the mission to the Moon) and built the first space shuttle. Yet, we have few programs designed to bring their wisdom into our institutional memory. In the past 10 years, the budgets on our missions have been radically reduced, missions have multiplied ten-fold, and our scientists and engineers have been pushed...
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...482 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS—PART B: CYBERNETICS, VOL. 42, NO. 2, APRIL 2012 An Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm With Novel Mutation and Crossover Strategies for Global Numerical Optimization Sk. Minhazul Islam, Swagatam Das, Member, IEEE, Saurav Ghosh, Subhrajit Roy, and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Differential evolution (DE) is one of the most powerful stochastic real parameter optimizers of current interest. In this paper, we propose a new mutation strategy, a fitnessinduced parent selection scheme for the binomial crossover of DE, and a simple but effective scheme of adapting two of its most important control parameters with an objective of achieving improved performance. The new mutation operator, which we call DE/current-to-gr_best/1, is a variant of the classical DE/current-to-best/1 scheme. It uses the best of a group (whose size is q% of the population size) of randomly selected solutions from current generation to perturb the parent (target) vector, unlike DE/current-to-best/1 that always picks the best vector of the entire population to perturb the target vector. In our modified framework of recombination, a biased parent selection scheme has been incorporated by letting each mutant undergo the usual binomial crossover with one of the p top-ranked individuals from the current population and not with the target vector with the same index as used in all variants of DE. A DE variant obtained...
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...University College Author Note This paper was prepared for AMBA 640, Section 113, taught by Professor Executive Summary Project management is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently as defined from the Project Management Institute (PMI, 2008). It is a calculated proficiency for organizations enabling them to tie project results to business goals and improve chances to compete in their respective markets. Project management processes fall into five competency groups which are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing that ensures a project’s success. The Project Manager must possess certain skills to manage a process. A Project manager must also be able to manage time, quality and scope resourcefully. This paper will analyze the performance of Gary Allison, an engineer whose first project as a Project manager was to head up the Orion Shield Project. There were many issues that made this project a near failure. I will address the technical, ethical, legal, and contractual issues that affect his performance and critique his reactions to these matters. I will conclude my analysis with a reasonable deduction of what competencies Gary lacks that would make him a more effective project manager. Introduction The Orion Shield Project is the creation of tiles that are part of a thermal protection system that protects the Orion spacecraft during exercises (Orion, 2012). While...
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...Content 1. Background 2. Vision Statement 3. SWOT Analysis of SpaceX 4. Porter’s Five Forces Model 5. SpaceX TOWS Matrix 6. SpaceX Business Model 7. SpaceX Business Level Strategy 8. Conclusions I. Background SpaceX or Space Exploration Technologies Corporation is a space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by former PayPal entrepreneur and Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk. SpaceX was founded with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable. SpaceX also developed the Dragon spacecraft, which are flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, initially transporting cargo and later planned to carry humans to the International Space Station and other destinations.[1] By 2012, SpaceX had over 40 launches on its manifest representing about $4 billion in contract revenue—with many of those contracts already making progress payments to SpaceX—with both commercial and government (NASA/DOD) customers. As of December 2013, SpaceX has a total of 50 future launches under contract, two-thirds of them are for commercial customers. SpaceX's low launch prices, especially for communication satellites flying to geostationary orbit, have resulted in market pressure on its competitors to lower their own prices. In recent years, the...
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