...China Economic Reform and Opening: Some Evidents from Guangdong Province In the late 1970s, China still a developing country three decades after a revolutionary regime change in 1949, was in dire need of systemic change. The decade-long debacle of the Cultural Revolution had just ended, leaving the economy dormant and the people physically and emotionally drained. At that time the new idea of opening the country to global contacts and influences after three decades of partly self-imposed isolation seemed a no less drastic measure to China’s leaders than the original policy of economic and social closure. Other new ideas were emerging as well. Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China’s openpolicy and economic reforms launched in 1978, outlined a fundamentally new approach to gradual societal change. Special zones established in 1979 and special economic zones were named in 1980. Before 1979, all the import and export products has to go to HK before enter in China. China was one of the fastest growing economies in the 1980s. The average annual growth rate of GDP for China from 1980-90 was 9.5%. The corresponding growth rate for the world as a whole was 3.1 percent (World Bank 1992, 221,. table 2). The growth rate for China in 1992 was 12.6 percent. The rapid growth in China is obviously related to its relentless pursuit of economic reform, which has unleashed productive forces previously suppressed by rigid central planning. One particularly important component of...
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...Introduction to Economic Zones “Export else perish “ these are the words of first Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. India being a continent like country having 30 states, more than 1000 languages and world second largest man power having diversified natural conditions right from Rain Forests of Kerala, Ice Mountains of Himalaya, Runn of Kuch to productive land of Bramahaputra has great potentials of world class export worthy products from various industries like Agriculture, Engineering, Chemicals, Software’s, Gems and Jewellry, Pharmaceuticals, Bio technology and many more. During last fifty years, mostly ours exports have been less than our imports and the balance of trade been unfavorable. In 1990-1991 India had faced real pressure on the balance of payment. During this period, exports had stagnated and there was a crisis in foreign reserves which lead to an emergency situation in India. Liberalization policy was announced in June 1991. It is the precious gift of Dr Manmohan Singh to the people of India at a time when the country was in the grip of unprecedented economic crisis and political turmoil. One of the areas in which this policy focused on was on increasing India’s export. And the trickle down effect of these reforms has lead to the advent of SEZ In this age of Globalisation, there is a need for every nation in the world to perform well economically. With the improvements in science and technology and the raising standards of living worldwide...
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...Legacy Guangdong province is located in central zone of south east of china, in the center of the Asian Economic circle. It has a total area of 179,757 square kilometers and is surrounded by Guangxi on the west, Fujian on the east, Jiangxi and Hunan on the north, Hainan off the southwest. Guangdong is divided into 21 prefectures, 121 counties and 1642 townships. Its humid climate is affected from the subtropical zone resulting to the one of the richest light, heat and water resources of china. The annual temperature lies around 22, 3° with an average rainfall of 1, 3002, 500mm per year. ). Winters in Guangdong are short, mild, and relatively dry, Source: http://www.china-map-guide.com/province/guangdong/ while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily temperature in January come at 14° while in July around 29° (Humidity makes it feel much hotter). Since January 2015 Guangdong became and remains the most populous province in China (preceded by Henan and Sichuan province) registering a total of 106,440,000 registered inhabitants without considering the floating population. Due to the region fast-growing economy and high labor Source: http://www.travelchinaguide.com/climate/guangzhou.htm demands, mainly within the manufacturing, there is an average influx of circa 30,000,000 additional migrants. In terms of ethnic representation all 56 ethnic groups of china can be found in Guangdong. The Han ethnic composition counts for more than...
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...trying to find out two answers: first of all, how has China achieved its development? Second, what can we learn from this story? The article starts with a brief introduction about how important the economic development is. Then the article uses few paragraphs to point out different development methods during different reformation period of China. At the end of the introduction, the author threw out the two main points which have already mentioned above. On the next section, the author began to focus on the time-line of China’s development. He listed out events and reformations paragraph by paragraph. This section help the readers better get their ideas into shape. In order to make a strong argument, Kuotsai Tom Liou provided few forms while he was talking about China’s macroeconomic structural reformation. Next, the author dug in-depth and discussed about the four major strategies implemented that readers should focus on. The four major strategies are: the contract responsibility system, the dual price system, special economic zones, and administrative reform. These changes all represent different reform periods. Next then, the author summed up little bit, he used one section to talk about the lessons we should learn from economic development. In this section, the author overall expounded how Chinese development experience occurred and became successful while it interact with government, environment, special economic zones. The author then ended the article up with a succinct...
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...role of government intervention in East Asia. China has generated huge growth rates over recent decades hence this report analyses the industrial policies they used extensively from a historical perspective to how they developed. A comparison will then be made with the industrial policies of Japan, Taiwan and Korea (JTK), where this report finds considerable similarities which are probably due to geography and trade links. The development of the conceptual framework will be analysed as China progressed from a planned economy to a more neo-liberal one, opening up to foreign trade. The Chinese economy poses many opportunities for western firms, hence this report will then assess the implications of Chinese industrial policy on western companies, operating in China. Contents An analysis of China’s industrial policy including conceptual frameworks and its differences with other East Asian countries 1 Introduction 2 China development model 4 How china achieved economic growth 4 China’s ‘great leap forward’ 5 The ‘open door policy’ 5 Special Economic Zones 6 How Chinese industrial policy generated growth 7 Asian development model 7 Similarities 9 Differences 9 Economic makeup 9 Competiveness 10 FDI 11 Consequences for western business of Chinese industrial policy 12 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 References 17 Introduction In this report I will consider how China has achieved its rapid economic growth through its rigorous use of industrial policies...
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...Changning Shanghai China 3406 E. Pleasant Street Knoxville, Iowa USA 915 Adams Street S.E. Hutchinson, Minnesota USA Nanxiang 2nd Road Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong China AAC Technologies Holdings Inc. Building 5, 6th floor, Nanyou Tianan Industry Park, Dengliang Road, NanShan District Shenzhen, Guangdong China Gangqiao Street, Nanxiashu Town, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu China AcBel Polytech Inc. No. 17-28, (Hong Yeh Road), Hong Yeh 138 Industrial District, Tang Xia Town Dongguan, Guangdong China Advanced-Connectek Inc. No. 2 Middle LanJing Road, Grand Industrial Zone, PingShan District Shenzhen, Guangdong China No. 888 Hua-Yuan Road, Zhang-Pu Town Kunshan, Jiangsu China AKM Semiconductor, Inc. 1-15, Nakashima-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki Japan No. 5 Nanke 7th Road, Southern Taiwan Science Park Tainan, Taiwan 13-2 Sekinoiri Sumie, Ishinomaki City, Miyazaki Japan 4 Ren Der Road, Hsinchu Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 5-4960, Nakagawara-cho Nobeoka, Miyazaki Japan Alcoa, Inc. 1480 Manheim Pike, Lancaster, Pennsylvania USA Supplier List 2013 2 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. 230, Shibue Wakuya-Cho Tohda-gun, Miyagi Japan No. 5, Xingchuang 4 Road Singapore Industrial Park Wuxi, Jiangsu China 41-25, Yanagi-machi, Noda Onahama Iwaki, Fukushima Japan P.T. 10643, Nilai Industrial Estate Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia 6-1 Nishida Kakuda City, Miyagi Japan Xinxing Industry Zone, Xingfa South Street, Wushaliwu, Changan Town Dongguan, Guangdong China 6-3-36 Furukawanakazato...
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...PAKISTAN AND CHINA INTRODUCTION 1. Economic corridors have appeared as a significant tool of local cooperation and development in a globalized world. The name ‘Corridor’ suggests a passage that connects the two separate countries or regions. ADB defines ‘Economic Corridor’ as “they join economic lumps along a distinct landscape”. The impression is to increase economic expansion by connecting backward regions with more developed industrial hubs and to expand access to markets through the merger of trans-border production networks. 2. During the visit of Chinese Prime Minister to Pakistan from 22 to 23 May 2013, China proposed a ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’ (CPEC or C-PEC) to connect Kashgar in China’s Xinjiang...
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...China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone is a free-trade zone launched in Shanghai, China on September 29, 2013. It is reported that there will be revolutions in finance, social service, cultural service, shipping and professional business services. There are several characteristics of this FTZ (Free-Trade Zone). Firstly, this FTZ focuses on function innovation and this is different from other bonded areas in China which focus on special policies. Secondly, this FTZ is different from the Singapore Freeport mode. Singapore Freeport mode is characterized by the development of policies and systems in Freeport, including the freedom of trade, finance exchange and shipping. Even though China (Shanghai) Pilot FTZ draws international practice, the main purpose is promoting reform and accumulating experience for reform in nationwide. Last but not least, this FTZ is a national strategy which is not limited to general industry cultivation, investment and economic development. Actually, it intends to improve system of investment management, finance, shipping and trade at multi-levels. When it comes to the background, it is noticeable that China has become the second largest trading nation in the world since entering WTO. In order to strengthen its status in the trade, America tries to establish another trading organization which excludes China. America established TPP (Trans -Pacific Partnership Agreement) with countries situated around Pacific Ocean and TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment...
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...the country. The Special Economic Zones have been conceive d with a view to provide an Internationally competitive and hassle free environment for exports and world class infrastructure over an unprecedented large geographical area. It allows Government to experiment with redical economic reforms on a localise basis, introducing reforms that a difficult to implement at the national lavel, given the country large size and social disparity. The units in the zone have to be a net foreign exchange earner but they shall not be subjected to any predetermined value addition or minimum export performance requirement. All the laws and regulations related to labour, custom, environment clearances, taxation, FDIs etc. in the zones have been sufficiently relaxed or done away with and have been designed to make units globally competitive. This draft report is prepared for setting up Special Economic Zone NOIDA in Ghaziabad district in NOIDA in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The draft report is being prepared by New Okhla Industrial Development Authority based on the report prepared by consultants for the Govt. of UP for setting up Taj Special Economic Zone is District Bulandshahar in the State of Uttar Pradesh. SEZs - A global Overview: Most of the countries in the world have ridden SEZ/FTZ vehicle in attracting FDI, increasing international trade and attaining over all economic development Since 1950's most of the countries in the world have adopted export zone for example US...
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...basic development policy of RMB internationalization and path 7 2.2.3 The overview of RMB internationalization process 9 3 The main historical experience of currency internationalization 12 3.1 Internationalization of the dollar 12 3.2 The internationalization of EURO 13 3.3 The yen internationalization 14 3.4 Summary of this chapter 15 4 The free trade area construction to promote the internationalization of the RMB 16 4.1 International comparison of free trade area 16 4.1.1 The EU 16 4.1.2 The china-Asian free trade area 16 4.2 The relationship between Free trade and the internationalization of RMB 18 4.2.1 The policies and their interpretation of Shanghai free trade area 18 4.2.2 Marketization of RMB exchange rate 20 4.2.3 The RMB interest rate marketization 21 4.2.4 RMB offshore market 22 4.3 The crisis and the risk of free trade zone 23 4.3.1 Risk of RMB business 23 4.3.2 Financial liberalization should be Shanghai free trade zone boundary 24 4.3.3 Risk control and benefit gambling is two limit of free trade area 25 5 Conclusion 26 References List 27 ABSTRACT In contemporary society, all countries in the world to establish a free trade area as an effective way of promoting...
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...The essential institution of China is called Regionally Decentralized Authoritarian (RDA) system. “The RDA system is characterized by a highly centralized political and personnel controls at the national level and a regionally decentralized administrative and economic system.” There are many key features of this RDA system which impacts a lot on China’s reform practices in the past 30 years. First of all, one of the features is that the sub-national governments are more powerful than other sub-national government in the world because they are responsible for deeper and wider regional matters than simply fiscal issues. Another feature is that regional government is encouraged to be economically self-contained in order to develop faster than other region after the reform started. Moreover, another feature is that each regional government, especially those special economic zones are competing with other region by attracting more Foreign Direct Investment in order to get more incentive and promotion from the central government. Without all these above features, China’s reform practices and performance would be substantially different from what has happened in the past 30 years. Although China is highly decentralized economically, it is neither a de jure nor a de facto federal state because of the backbone of China’s RDA regime, the Chinese Communist Party. CCP makes the RDA regime fundamentally different from a federal system by constituting China’s non federal status and...
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...Expenditure 34 Appendix 3 - NTBF Cash Flow Profiles 35 Appendix 4 - Bone Conducting Patent 36 Appendix 5 - The Case for India 46 Appendix 6 - The Case for Northern Ireland 49 Appendix 7 - The Case for China 55 References 72 Websites 75 Summary This assignment will examine how an innovative development in headphone technology will move from design concept to retail examining the role that innovation and entrepreneurship play in this. We will examine the sectors that the new headphones will be placed in from a retail point of view taking an overview of the sector and then looking at some of the major companies that dominate the headphone market currently. We will examine three possible market locations both from a retail perspective and a development perspective to establish the best possible location for the development of this innovative product. We will then examine the role of the customer and how their role has shaped the development of this concept with a focus on health and safety concerns that lie at the heart of this innovative process. We will finish with a view of how the headphone market will develop and where we see our headphone development in this future. Included in our appendices will be analysis of the development possibilities of China, India and Northern Ireland which will be explored further in the group presentation....
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...Recently, that led to IMF and EU did the swift enactment of 7,500 million euro bailout package, but Euro-zone is still in default now. The default could be effect to East Europe. Additionally, Euro is getting lose currency value in the world, so many people wonder that EU’s sustainability. What are reasons of EU’s sustainable crisis? First, EU nation have lax fiscal management. It caused fiscal deficits. Second, Major EU countries’ a possibility of insolvency are getting increase, so economist expressed major EU countries’ problem could be effect to Whole EU. Third, EU is using a single currency, Euro. It caused PIIGS’s balance of current account deficit. Lastly, EU’s crisis or risk management system is insufficient, so they couldn’t respond the crisis well. An important thing is that the basement of these problems is a weak of EU governance. They look a unified union, but not at all. Therefore, they couldn’t control each country well. EU will be stabilized in a long term, but they need to make a solution for some treats. EU needs a great deal of improvement in various sectors, such as unemployment, inflation, fragmented power, especially, governance. EU will use a bailout package, and financial cut-back, thus they could be recover this crisis. However, the most important thing is to create a great leadership of EU. It could control EU nation’s politics, and economics. Therefore, they could make not only single currency, but also unified system. In conclusion, an ongoing...
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...International Management III Individual Assignment Globalization Impact, China Name: Azhati Yiliya (Elyar Azat) Student ID: a1179542 Tutorial Time: 1pm-2pm Friday Tutor: Mr. Tareq Rasul Due Time: 5pm Thursday, 29th March Globalization Impact, China With the development of modern technology and global economy, the distance between different countries is getting closer; it links the whole world together. So, what is globalization? By definition, it means the process of integration among countries around the world with a vision of a single market entity (1). Globalization involves economic, political technology and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation and infrastructure (2). China, the biggest communism country was a very poor region after Second World War. After 10 years Culture Revolution disaster, the Chinese leader Deng realized that China cannot be developed without the connection with the rest of the world, and then he decided to open the country’s economy in 1979. Today, China has become the second largest economies ranking after the USA. China’s GDP is growing at 10 percent in the recent 10 years. How did this happen? Globalization! Of course the Globalization has two types integration: positive and negative to different stakeholders such as local companies, the foreign companies, the government, the workers and the environment on different aspects including technology, trade, off-shoring, migration...
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...SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZs) with example of MUNDRA PORT & SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, GUJARAT (MPSEZ) Submitted by:- Executive Summary Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established in many countries as testing grounds for implementation of liberal market economy principles. SEZs are viewed as instruments enhancing the acceptability and credibility of transformation policies, attracting domestic and foreign investment and also for the opening upon the economy. SEZs in India seek to promote the value addition component in exports, generate employment as well as mobilize foreign exchange. Globally, many countries initiated Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)which eventually led to a spurt in investments in infrastructure developments for Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and SEZs. A close examination of the evolution of SEZs in countries with similar economies as India eg; China, Iran, UAE and Jordan, will help us to understand their success stories and thereby implement those factors, in order to curb the SEZ bottlenecks faced by India today. The Shenzhen SEZ in China is a perfect example of a SEZ success story. In India, the government has been proactive in the development of SEZs. They have formulated policies, reviewed them occasionally and also ensured that ample facilities are provided to the SEZ developers as well as the companies setting up units in SEZs. These favorable conditions resulted in the biggest ever corporate rush for the development...
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