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Ⅰ한- EU FTA 추진경과
2007년 5월1일 대외경제장관회의에서 한. EU FTA 출범을 결정하였다.
2007년 5월6일 협상출범 후 총 8차례의 공식 협상을 개최하였다.
2009년 3월23~24일 제8차 협상에서 거의 모든 쟁점에 대하여 협상단 차원의 잠정적 합의를 도출하였다. (관세 환급, 일부 원산지 관련 쟁점은 미합의)
2009년 4월 2일 G20 정상 회의시 최종 타결을 추진했으나 무산되었다.
EU- 관세 환급은 원재료를 수출한 제3국에 간접적인 혜택을 줄 수 있고, EU가 체결한 모든 FTA에는 관세 환급 금지 조항이 포함되어 있다고 관세 환급 금지를 요구하였다.
한국- 관세 환급은 WTO 체제에서 허용되는 제도이며 우리의 경쟁국인 일본, 중국이 채택하고 있는 상황이다. 또한 관세 환급 금지는 FTA에 따른 관세절감 혜택을 상쇄하므로 수용불가 하다는 입장을 고수 하였다.
2009년 6월 26일 한-EU 통상장관회담에서 양측은 관세 환급을 포함한 협상 잔여쟁점에 대하여 일괄적인 최종 타결방안을 도출 하였다.
2009년 7월 13일 EU 의장국인 스웨덴과의 정상회담에서 사실상 타결을 선언하였다.
관세환급 제도 계속 유지하기로 함( 단, 협정 발효 5년 후부터 역외산 원자재 조달방식의 중대한 변화가 있을 경우 해당 품목에 대해 환급하는 관세율에 대한 상한을 설정할 수 있는 제도를 도입)
이후 법률검토 회의 및 영문협정안 확정
2009년10월 15일 한-EU 양측 가서명(벨기에)을 통해 관세 환급 문제에 관한 타협안을 포함한 협정문을 확정하고 이후 FTA 정식 발효 승인을 위한 회의를 개최했으나 이탈리아가 국의 주력 산업인 소형차 시장에 한국 차가 들어올 경우 큰 타격을 받는 다며 잠정발효 일자를 2012년 1월 1일 이후로 연기할 것을 계속 요구하여 협정승인 여부 결정이 수차례 유보되었다. 하지만 다른 EU 회원국들의 설득으로 반대 입장을 철회하였다.
가서명 완료 후 양측은 협정문 번역작업
2010년 9월 16일 EU는 특별 외교 이사회에서 FTA를 2011년 7월 1일부터 잠정 발효하기로 합의하였다.
2010년 10월 6일 양측 정상이 벨기에 브뤼셀에서 FTA에 정식 서명하였다.
원칙적으로는 한국과 EU 27개 회원국 의회가 모두 비준 동의를 해야 FTA의 공식 효력이 발휘되지만, 시간을 앞당기기 위해 EU 측에서는 EU의회의 비준동의만으로도 FTA의 효력이 발휘되도록 양측이 잠정 발효에 합의하였다.
2010년 10월 25일 정부는 10월 6일에 서명된 비준동의안을 국회에 제출하였다. (한·EU FTA는 세계 제1위 경제권이자 우리의 제2위 교역파트너인 EU 시장에 대한 선점 효과와 함께, 우리 경제의 효율성 증대를 통한 새로운 성장 동력 창출 및 우리 경제의 선진화에도 도움이 될 것으로 기대됨)
2011년 7월 1일 한․EU FTA 잠정 발효
Ⅱ한-EU FTA 주요내용
1. 관세 철폐
공산품의 경우 EU 양측 모두 전 품목에 대하여 관세를 철폐한다. EU 측은 전 품목에 대하여 5년내 관세 철폐하는 반면, 우리 측은 일부 품목에 대하여 7년의 관세철폐 기간을 확보하여 EU 측이 다소 조기에 관세를 철폐하도록 하는 비대칭적 관세철폐방식을 확보한다.
2. 관세 환급
(관세 환급 제도는 우리나라 수출지원 제도로서 수출용 원재료를 수입할 때 납부하였거나 납부할 관세를 그 원재료 등을 가공한 제품을 수출할 때에 수출자 또는 수출물품의 생산자에게 징수하였던 관세를 되돌려주는 제도를 말한다.)
관세 환급에 대하여 많은 의견 충돌이 있었다. 우리나라의 경우 전액 환급을 유지하자는 주장을 하고 EU측은 철폐하자고 주장하였는데 이에 대하여 절충하여 FTA발효 5년뒤 5%의 환급상환을 적용하기로 하였다.
즉, 원칙적으로 우리나라의 관세 환급 제도를 현행대로 유지한다.(현재 우리나라 8%의 수입관세) 그러나 협정발효 5년후부터는 특정요건 충족 시, 해당품목에 대한 관세 환급 비율을 제한 할 수 있는 세이프가드 조치가 도입된다. (5년 후부터 역 외산 원자재 조달방식이 중대한 변화가 있으면 상한율 5%까지 제한 가능)
3. 자동차 및 부품
(1)자동차
양측 모두 중.대형은 3년내, 소형은 5년내 관세를 철폐한다. EU의 중.대형 승용차 관세 10%를 3년내 철폐시 매년 3.3%의 관세인하 효과가 있다.(한. 미 FTA에서의 미국측 자동차 관세 즉시철폐 이상의 효과가 발생한다. 이외에도 승합차의 경우 양국 모두 즉시 철폐하고 5톤이하 화물차는 한국은 즉시철폐 EU는 5년내 철폐, 20톤 초과화물차는 한국은 5년 EU는 3년내 철폐, 도로주행 트렉터는 한국은 5년 EU는 3년내 철폐한다.
(2)자동차 부품
디젤엔진부품, 카스테레오, 기어박스는 즉시 철폐대상이며 타이어는 한국은 즉시 철폐이나 EU는 3년내 철폐한다.
4. 농산물, 낙동, 축산, 수산물 등
(1)쌀과 쌀 관련 제품은 관세철폐 대상에서 제외한다.
(2)이외에 다른 주요 민감 품목에 대하여는 다양한 취급방식을 적용한다.
고추, 마늘, 양파, 대두, 보리, 감자, 인삼, 감귤, 흑설탕은 현행 관세를 유지한다. 그리고 포도와 오렌지에 계절관세를 도입하여 우리나라 수확 유통기간에 집중적 보호를 한다.

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