...The Olympic Games are a set of international sports competitions held every four years since 1896, regrouping over 10,500 athletes from different nations, participating to nearly 300 different sports (Australian Olympic Committee, 2009). They are one of the most renowned events in the world, and have the ability of attracting the attention of a worldwide audience and to produce important impacts on the country or region that hosts them. After hosting the Olympics two times in 1908 and 1948, London will beat the records this year by being the first country holding three Olympic Games and, in the same way as the previous Games, the 2012 Olympics are going to have major impacts on the country on several industries (Australian Olympic Committee, 2009). This essay will mainly discuss the political, social and economic long-term impacts that hosting the 2012 Olympic Games will have on the city of London in relation to the Events Industry. This first part of the essay will discuss the political impacts of the Olympics on the Events Industry. Over time, the Olympic Games have become “irreparably intertwined with politics” and have generated a good political image on the hosting country as they served as a tool of global publicity. Unfortunately, this hasn’t always been a positive thing as it often led to bribery and corruption. For example, in 1936 the Nazi Party used the Games to promote German superiority. This is why the International Olympics Committee (IOC) former...
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...International Strategic Project Management BBIM604 In –Module assessment – Semester 1 -2011/12 By Sergey Bogdanovich Basketball Arena [pic] Executive summary Basketball is one of the major Olympic sports. And Olympic presentation of it should be as good as possible, as millions of people will watch the action from East London closely. They all want an extraordinary exhibition and performance, so the constructions of a top quality Basketball Arena, which will successfully host the games, require a lot of attitude. It is essential to understand that the arena must be a part of an Olympic vision and should address all the proposals and ideas which Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) and London as a capital of Great Britain want to introduce during games and after them. It required a lot of effort, knowledge and an experience to achieve the overall goal in delivering basketball arena. In the end the project become one of the biggest of its type ever built for such an event. Several firms, agencies and organisations worked closely with each other to deliver a successful result on each stage of the project. Introduction The Basketball arena was a unique challenge. It was the first time a 12000 seat temporary arena with a span of almost 100 m had been built in UK. Because of the size, scale, complexity and the cost of the venue, it went through considerable scrutiny, deliberation and change throughout the course of 2006-2009...
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...Why the Olympics was good for London but bad for the Local people On the 6th July 2005 it was officially announced by the International Olympic Committee that the London was to host the 2012 Olympic Games. This was a big positive to east London, and the country itself because the regeneration of Stratford would bring numerous positive impacts that would last many years to come; also give the UK a good image to foreign countries, which will lead to a number of positives. The Olympic Games lead to a number of positives that can be split into social, economic and environmental. One of the social positives was that the 2012 Olympics created 9,000 new homes in the Olympic park alone, with nearby schools and health and community facilities. Another social pro is that the Olympics improved transport significantly, not only for East London but also for the capital city as a whole. In addition new schools and community centres will be built to accommodate the extra residents in Newham meaning there will be better education and a brighter community spirit in and around East London. Finally the new sports facilities will remain and can be enjoyed by athletes, visitors and local residents. Economic impacts created by the London Olympics were inevitable. One of which is that 12,000 new permanent jobs were created, many of which varying from managing new facilities, working in hotels, and transport links; temporary jobs were also created during the 7 years of construction and the Olympic...
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...A northern community in St. Louis once lived. It had theaters, sports stores, and any store you needed to survive. People had jobs, most of the population was doing well, and the buildings were healthy. Very quickly, businesses closed down, people lost their jobs, and eventually became ill. A lot of people ended up living in poverty. (Berg) This community’s living situation grew many problems that allowed for great people to help the community, relating this project to Missouri State’s public affairs mission. I love St. Louis. It is full of history, good and bad. Next year, I plan to move to St. Louis, so it made me interested to find an urban renewal project in St. Louis. This specific project took place in the northern part of St. Louis,...
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...CH02CH19-Yarmush ARI 12 May 2011 ANNUAL REVIEWS 15:43 Further Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2011.2:403-430. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Imperial College London on 01/18/16. For personal use only. Click here for quick links to Annual Reviews content online, including: • Other articles in this volume • Top cited articles • Top downloaded articles • Our comprehensive search Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: History, Progress, and Challenges Francois Berthiaume,1 Timothy J. Maguire,1 ¸ and Martin L. Yarmush1,2 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; email: ireis@sbi.org 2 Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2011. 2:403–30 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on March 17, 2011 artificial organs, skin, cartilage, liver, stem cells The Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is online at chembioeng.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 Copyright c 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 1947-5438/11/0715-0403$20.00 The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a variety of fields to construct biological ...
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...World Cities Millionaire Cities, Megacities and World Cities Millionaire city: 1 million+ pop Megacity: 10 million+ pop, 2,000 persons/km², one or two places merged World City: Major area which doesn’t just serve area, but world, normally multinational These are all interlinked in a pattern, usually by train. Also they started mainly in MEDC’s, but have slowly appeared more in LEDC’s. Contemporary Urbanisation Processes Urbanisation: the movement and growth of proportion of people living in urban areas. Characteristics: Since the 1950’s, urbanisation has started rapidly to increase in LEDC’s. the main two reasons for this are population growth and migration. Push factors ← Poor infrastructure ← Unemployment ← Poverty/Famine ← Natural Disasters ← Civil War ← Desertification Pull factors ← Better Jobs ← Better Education ← City life ‘Bright Life’ ← Better Social life ← Higher pay ← Financial Aid ← Better Healthcare - Urbanisation in the UK: Started with the Industrial Revolution in the 1800’s | |Economic |Social |- |- | |Push Factor |1. Unemployment from mechanisation |1. Poorer education |- |- | | |2. Little pay |2. Poorer social life | | | | | ...
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...Geography 300 Final Exam: Service Product and Economic Tourism (All sources are a part of Bibliography) "The media is going to be in town and they're going to stick microphones in front of a whole bunch of visitors to get their opinions on their experience in London. Their answers are going to be critical in supporting the reputation of London and the UK in the future," said Greg Klassen, Senior-Vice President of the Canadian Tourism Commission. This statement came just before the 2012 Olympics. In a nutshell, his comment hits the nail on the head in terms of the impact hosting the Olympics can have on future tourism after hosting the Olympics. It goes without saying, then, that hotels and restaurants should price cautiously. "Resist the urge to price for the Olympics and con-sider pricing for the next 10 years instead. You don't want these to become known as the rip-off Olympics," advises Klassen. By hosting a successful major event, a city is able to demonstrate technical and organizational abilities, and even winning the opportunity to act as the host city signals success. However, by taking on that responsibility, in an event such as the Olympics, you run into the possibility that the event may not go the way you planned it. Either way, hosting the Olympics is an opportunity that many tourist destinations will not let pass them by. The Australian Tourist Commission received US $6.7 million from the Australian Government over four years, to maximize the tourism opportunities...
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...Scott / CULTURAL-PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES REVIEW / March 2004 10.1177/1078087403261256 URBAN AFFAIRS ARTICLE CULTURAL-PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES AND URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Prospects for Growth and Market Contestation in Global Context University of California, Los Angeles ALLEN J. SCOTT The article begins with a brief definition of the cultural economy. A first generation of local economic development policy approaches based on place marketing and associated initiatives is described. The possibilities of a more powerful second-generation approach are then sketched out with special emphasis on localized complexes of cultural-products industries. An extensive review and classification of these complexes is laid out, and their inward and outward relations to global markets are considered. On this basis, a critical discussion of local economic policy options focused on cultural-products industries is offered. Contrasting examples of development initiatives in major global cities, in selected old manufacturing towns, and in the Multimedia Super Corridor of Malaysia are briefly presented. It is suggested that the growth and spread of localized production agglomerations based on cultural-products industries are leading not to cultural uniformity but to greatly increased diversity at the global level. Keywords: agglomeration; cultural economy; globalization; industrial districts; local economic development; place marketing Over the past decade or so, the industrial profile...
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...‘‘The positive impacts of mega events are often exaggerated’. Mega events provide organisers with a unique opportunity to modify the international image of the host country. They also provide impressions of host countries to direct spectators, television viewers and additional indirect audiences. Mega events offer the opportunity to project a desired image of a host country going far beyond the event itself, enabling a country to communicate assets that can be attractive for tourists. Getz, (1998), p.242 defines mega events as “Planned occurrences of limited duration which have an extraordinary impact on the host area in terms of one or more of the following: tourist volumes; visitor expenditures; publicity leading to a heightened awareness and a more positive image; related infrastructural and organisational developments which substantially increase the destination’s capacity and attractiveness”. Although the notion of events has been known for a long time, it is their scale and strategic use in late modern society that make them appealing for host places, media, researchers, visitors and others. Especially in tourism, mega events have attracted considerable interest. Roche (1994:1) states that ‘mega events are short term events with long term consequences for the cities that stage them’. Most of the numerous studies which have already been conducted on the nature of tourism determinants, such as that of Solberg and Preuss (2006), have found that the hosting of mega events...
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...World Cities The global pattern of urbanisation: millionaire cities, mega cities and world cities • At a global scale, rapid urbanisation has occurred over the last 50 years. • Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities. 19% of the world’s population lives in cities of more than 1 million people. • The most urbanised continents are Europe, North and South America and Oceania and the least urbanised continents are Asia and Africa. • The number of urban dwellers is by far largest in Asia, with 1.4 billion people living in towns and cities (40% of the population). • Urbanisation is increasing most rapidly in Africa and Asia. • This trend is expected to continue so that by 2025 almost half the population of these continents will live in urban areas and 80% of urban dwellers will live in developing countries. • Increased global urbanisation has resulted in the development of many millionaire cities. • There is also a significant number of enormous megacities, some of which are classed as world cities. ❖ Millionaire cities are those with more than 1 million people. India and China have the most millionaire cities in the world. ❖ Megacities are those with more than 10 million people, of which there are 20 (15 in the developing world) ❖ World cities are those which have great influence on a global scale, because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power....
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...World Cities The global pattern of urbanisation: millionaire cities, mega cities and world cities • At a global scale, rapid urbanisation has occurred over the last 50 years. • Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities. 19% of the world’s population lives in cities of more than 1 million people. • The most urbanised continents are Europe, North and South America and Oceania and the least urbanised continents are Asia and Africa. • The number of urban dwellers is by far largest in Asia, with 1.4 billion people living in towns and cities (40% of the population). • Urbanisation is increasing most rapidly in Africa and Asia. • This trend is expected to continue so that by 2025 almost half the population of these continents will live in urban areas and 80% of urban dwellers will live in developing countries. • Increased global urbanisation has resulted in the development of many millionaire cities. • There is also a significant number of enormous megacities, some of which are classed as world cities. ❖ Millionaire cities are those with more than 1 million people. India and China have the most millionaire cities in the world. ❖ Megacities are those with more than 10 million people, of which there are 20 (15 in the developing world) ❖ World cities are those which have great influence on a global scale, because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power....
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...major part of the local activity — are sometimes called resort towns. If the resorts are situated near the sea, then they are called seaside resorts. Inland resorts include ski resorts, mountain resorts and spa towns. Towns such as Sochi in Russia, Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt, Barizo in Spain, Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy, Druskininkai in Lithuania, Cancun in Mexico, Newport, Rhode Island, in the USA, Ischgl in Austria, St. Moritz in Switzerland, Blackpool in England and Malam Jabba in Pakistan are well-known resorts. In North American English, the term "resort" is now also used for a self-contained commercial establishment which attempts to provide for most of a vacationer's wants while remaining on the premises, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping. The term may be used to identify a hotel property that provides an array of amenities and typically includes entertainment and recreational activities. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort, such as the Grand Hotel at Mackinac Island, Michigan. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by...
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...Impacts 08 Team Dr Beatriz García, Director Tamsin Cox, Interim Programme Manager Sonia McEwan, Programme Assistant Document Reference: Impacts 08 – Langen & Garcia (May 2009) Measuring Impacts of Cultural Events Measuring the Impacts of Large Scale Cultural Events: A Literature Review May 2009 Report by Floris Langen (University of Glasgow) and Beatriz Garcia (Impacts 08) Impacts 08 is a joint programme of the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University Commissioned by Liverpool City Council Impacts 08 – Langen & Garcia | Measuring Impacts of Cultural Events | May 2009 Table of Contents 1. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction: measuring the impacts of large scale cultural events ................................................................ 3 3. Major cultural festivals and events ................................................................................................................. 3 4. Cultural mega events ..................................................................................................................................... 5 5. European Capitals of Culture ......................................................................................................................... 7 6. Discussion .....................................................................................
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...representing Sports England. The objectives are to be achieved through various strategies depending on each place and the through the market research. The following methods are to be used to develop the above objectives(McLeish, 2011, pg44-65) 1. Event management 2. Opinion pieces 3. Feature articles 4. Journalist briefing 5. Email newsletters 6. Press release 7. Press conference 8. Interviews and editorial contributions Project Deliverables Its mandatory for a company to follow basic rules and techniques of supplier as a way of evaluating better plans for holding an event in a recommended place. The project is to deliver services according to the required specifications in the tender as required by the company(Mcginn, 2008, pp. 110-115). a) Inspired Facilities This involves the availability and the ease of individual as being part of the local community activities and being part of the volunteer groups as a way of improving and developing of clubs, and at the same time modify the non supporting events int o modern sporting facilities(Matthews, 1996, pp. 35-50). b) Iconic Facilities This was developed dependimg on the basis of the London 2012 inspiratioal extract extract as a way of improving the local upcoming teams from the grassroot sports(Masterman, 2004, pp. 45-50). c) d) K e) K f) Hhhbaahdvhd 1. Protecting Playing Field 2. The most common Place people Play Olympic legacy mass are the Sports England’s...
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...Effects of Mega Events on Host Country’s Image: Image of China after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Abstract Mega events have intrigued the academia because of the huge impact they have on the host countries. Not only do mega events catalyse urban regeneration, they also have the ability to command international media’s attention. Furthermore, nations have been known to use mega events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and World Fair to rebuild image and draw in tourists to serve the economic development of the region. While the Olympics are one of the most studied mega events, most of them emphasise on the Western perspective probably because only three out of twenty-six Summer Games have been held in Asia. The most recent one is the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which is the focus of this research. In particular, this study aims to explore China’s image change after the event and the influencing factors that contribute to the change. One’s perception and image change are emotional and subjective; therefore, this research can gain a better insight through qualitative approach. Twenty participants from sixteen countries were recruited and interviewed for 20-30 minutes regarding the Beijing Olympics and related news around that time. The findings showed that China achieved moderate success in rebuilding its image in the economic and technological aspects. Many interviewees were impressed by its organising ability and modernisation. However, China failed to change...
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