...Electronic health records (EHR) are the central database for all patient related data, both clinical and financial for many healthcare organizations. The EHR must have the ability to send and receive data to other systems within and outside the healthcare organization. Standardized terminologies in and EHR makes the sharing of data or interoperability possible. Having a common interface design, such as health level-7 (HL7) allow this to happen. (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). Standard terms that describe health conditions, labs, and medications further allow for the transfer of data. At my organization we transmit continuity of care documents or CCD that allows for our data to flow into our community physicians EHR. There are also nursing...
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...Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Evidence based interventions are playing an increasingly more important role in nursing practice. With the increased utilization of nursing research comes a need for a form of communication that classifies diagnosis, applies interventions, and expected patient outcomes. In order to unify nursing communication and support nursing practice, standardized terminology has been developed. This paper will introduce three forms of standardized terminologies in nursing which are the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC), and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). The purpose of this paper is to define the three standardized terminologies, processes developed, and to provide and example of their useful application in patients at risk for or diagnosed with pressure ulcers. The NANDA was established with the goal of enhancing all aspects of nursing practice by refining and promoting terminology to accurately reflect the clinical judgment of nurses (Azzolin et al., 2013). The mission of NANDA if to facilitate the refinement, dissemination, and development, and utilization of nursing standard terminology (Peres et al., 2015). Their main focus is to utilize this communication to promote evidence based practice and care, thereby improving care for everyone. NANDA promotes their missions and goals by publishing the world leading evidence based nursing diagnosis, funding research, establishing...
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...Mapping Care Using Standardized Terminology BY Bolajoko Olagbaju American Sentinel University Introduction Knowledge deficit is a prevalent condition among patients, characterized by the lack of both cognitive information and psychomotor skills that are necessary for promotion and maintenance of health, and for a healthy recovery. The nursing profession is faced with the need to address this problem, whether in the hospital, in ambulatory care, or in-home setting. To address knowledge deficit, the learning process involves three domains: the psychomotor domain, the affective domain, and the cognitive domain. The involved nurse engages the patients in making vital decisions on what and how the patient will be taught. Addressing knowledge deficit in nursing care is necessitated by the high number of patients with inaccurate perception concerning their health statuses (Billay, Myrick, Luhanga, & Yonge, 2007). Misinformation and lack of information associated with knowledge deficit can culminate in psychological alteration, which manifests in anxiety and depression. NANDA Nursing Diagnoses, Definition and Classification As mentioned above, knowledge deficit is marked by lack of crucial cognitive information, which is related to specific health topics. This problem is classified as among the main health conditions inherent in patients who have suffered from chronic illnesses. The defining characteristics of knowledge deficit are inaccuracy in adhering to instruction...
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...One of the main challenges for freelance translators is to find suitable clients, and once they have found them, one of their main concerns is how to retain them. As a freelancer you may well find that working for translation agencies rather than for private clients offers both peace of mind and a more reliable flow of orders. As a professional freelancer you are doubtlessly well aware of the many benefits of freelance work. Most of these will be associated with themes such as independence, freedom and - if you are lucky - considerable revenues. However, you may also have discovered a number of serious downsides to this kind of work. The one cited perhaps the most frequently is the ongoing pressure to attract clients. Although we know of no research to verify it, there is a law in the translation business which states that a freelance translator who has no work, is not a good translator. The opposite is also true: a good translator will never be at a loss for work. Even so, your order portfolio as a freelancer will also depend, at least in part, on your commercial skills in attracting clients, offering your services to potential clients, and building up networks. Once you have found enough clients for a sustainable business, moreover, you may find it difficult to balance your capacity with their needs. In view of these considerations, it might be a good idea to offer your services to translation agencies as well. The rates they offer may not be as high as those of private...
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...of an anaesthetic machine prior to use. On the morning of this particular learning experience I had already pre-informed the student of the event so we could start promptly. The student arrived on time as I did. We went straight to the operating theatre where we were going to be working for the day. On arriving in that theatre I discovered it had been used prior and was left in an untidy state so I had to tidy it up before we could proceed. Had I have thought before hand I could have checked the day before to ensure this was not the case. I started by showing the student the anaesthetic machine we were going to use, explained the different parts and how they function. The student looked a bit perplexed at the terminology I used so I tried more simple terminology and explanations and that seemed to help. After the brief explanation of how the anaesthetic machine worked I described The checks we were going to carry out. I showed the student the 2012 guide to checking the machine produced by the College of Anaesthetists which is the one we currently use. We started to check the machine going through the guide step by step as described. It took quiet a while to complete the check. Afterwards I asked the student if they followed what we had done, the student commented it was a bit too much to go through in one session. I think looking back that I should have broken down the process into perhaps two or more sessions allowing the student time to take in and question the...
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...The economics profession’s jargon serves a variety of purposes. For example, their common terminology serves to make for more precise communication. It allows ideas to be communicated clearly and exactly. This exactness and clarity of terminology serves society by allowing economists to discuss economics with each other and with society with clarity so that other economists have a better understanding of what an economist is saying. A common terminology also serves to divide insiders from outsiders. For outsiders, for example economic students, who do not have a clue what these terms mean, economists’ terminology is exclusionary. It makes economists the gatekeepers of economic ideas. Economists’ terminology serves as a barrier to entry, restricting the supply of economists, and increasing the value of the services provided by existing economists. Which of these two reasons is the strongest? To answer that question let us consider two examples given by Amanda Bennett, the author of The Wall Street Journal article, “Economists + Meeting = A Zillion Causes and Effects” [The Wall Street Journal, January 10, 1995]. The two examples are the concepts of externality and utility, Why do economists use these terms? Based on her article, and on my classroom experience, I would judge that, of the two reasons, the self-serving reason is the stronger. Essentially, economists create their terminology primarily to make life difficult for students. Consider the first example: externality. Why...
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...How Does Medical Terminology Work? ________________________________________ Most medical terms can be broken down into one or more word parts. For simplicity in explanation, we will say that there are four possible word parts, and any given medical term may contain one, some, or all of these parts. We will classify these word parts as (1) roots, (2) prefixes, (3) suffixes, and (4) linking or combining vowels. An example of a word with three of the above parts is the medical term "pericarditis", which means "inflammation of the outer layer of the heart". Pericarditis can be divided into three parts: peri - card - itis. Once divided into its essential parts, pericarditis can be translated: the prefix "peri" translates to "surrounding", the root "card" translates to "heart", and the suffix "itis" translates to "inflammation". Hence, pericarditis is an inflammation of the area surrounding the heart, or an inflammation of the outer layer of the heart, anatomically known as the pericardium. Medical terms always consist of at least one "root", although they may contain more. The root of a word is that part which contains the essential meaning of the word. An example of this was seen above in the term "pericarditis". The root of the word - card - refers to the heart, so any prefix or suffix added to the root (card) will only function to add to the specificity of that word. An example of this would be the prefix "brady", which means "slow". If "brady" is added to the root "card"...
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...PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTING ACHIEVEMENT TESTS BY DR UCHENNA UDEANI DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS AKOKA, YABA, LAGOS. PAPER PRESENTED AT THE TRAINING PROGRAMME ON IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION SKILLS OF SCHOOL TEACHERS 11TH -15TH APRIL 2011 1.0 INTRODUCTION The amount of effort involved in constructing an educational test varies with the type of test and the purpose for which it is intended. Most classroom teachers probably spend relatively little or no time in preparing essay or short answer tests for measuring students’ progress in a unit of instruction. The procedures employed in constructing a test also vary with the type of test and the aims of the users. Whatever the kind of test or the goals of the users may be, some content planning is necessary before the items comprising the test are written. 2.0 PURPOSES AND USES OF TESTS The primary purpose of test is to assess behaviour, mental abilities and other personal characteristics in order to assist in making judgements, predictions and decisions about students. More specifically tests are used to * Retain or dismiss, promote and rotate student in education and training programmes. * Evaluate cognitive changes due to educational and other interventions. * Classify and place people in educational and employing contexts. * Counsel and guide individuals for educational, vocational and personal counselling. * Diagnosis of...
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...Analyzing and Interpreting Literature 2012 Examination Guide These materials are owned and copyrighted by the College Board. They may not be posted on the Internet or on any other public document sharing site. The materials in these files are intended for PERSONAL USE ONLY. Violations of this policy may be subject to legal action including, but not limited to, payment for each guide that is disseminated unlawfully and associated damages. V isit our website at w ww.collegeboard.org/clep f or the most up-to-date information. © 2011 The College Board. College Board, CLEP, College-Level Examination Program, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. inspiring minds is a trademark owned by the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. Introduction This is the only official guide to the 33 College-Level Examination Program® (CLEP®) exams. CLEP exams are administered on computer test centers across the country. This Guide has been written mainly for adults who are making plans to enroll in college, but it contains information of interest to others as well. College-bound high school students, current college students, military personnel, professionals seeking certification and persons of all ages who have learned or wish to learn college-level material outside the college classroom will find the Guide helpful as they strive...
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...standard phone features like calling and texting, smartphones make it easier to browse the web, study for a test, or even do a little bit of research. So, using them in class would be a pragmatic way to improve standardized test scores, help students stay more organized and educated, and schools could save the money that is used for computers and use it for more efficient things. In addition, app developers are coming out with thousands of education-centered apps in the market like Quizlet, Flashcards ++ (an app that allows you to create your own flashcards and review them on your phone), Evernotes (an app that helps you record notes), and much more; which would make it a convenient study tool. According to the Campus Technology article, smartphones today “have the computing power of a mid-1990s personal computer” and a possession of a smartphone is like having knowledge and resources at your fingertips, literally. Most teachers and parents are tenacious about the use of smartphones in class being a huge distraction, but things always have their ups and downs to them and it wouldn’t be a distraction if there are strict policies against it. A couple of schools in the U.S. are already allowing the use of smartphones in school and it has proven to improve standardized test scores and grades. For example, the Onslow County school district in North Carolina was looking for an innovative way to close their math achievement gap, so they decided to try...
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...Standardized Testing- How Beneficial is it? Student Name Toulmin Model Position Paper English Comp II – 112 Phaire Due Date – mm/dd/yy Word Count – nnn Outline Position Statement: Is ‘No Child Left Behind’ a valid method of assessing school, teacher and student performance? No, I do not think this act is a valid method to assess school, teacher and student performance. Rhetorical Context: This issue will address all the problems that are occurring because of the standardized testing which is taking place in all public schools. This issue is important to parents who have children going to public schools because it gives them an overview of what is wrong with this act. It is also important for the teachers and school administrators since they take some part in shaping the curriculum around standardized testing. Audience Analysis: The audience for this essay will be the parents because they are able to make changes to this act. Many parents may not understand the problems that this act is causing which can be quite harmful for their children. Many parents let the government make laws for the schools, because they think if the government is doing it, it must be right. Claim: The ‘No Child Left Behind’ act is not a valid method to assess school, teacher and student performance. Reasons: There are many reasons why ‘No Child Left Behind is not working. 1. The same tests are used for all students...
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...Standardized Testing; Worth it or Not? “When teachers talk about high school ‘standardized tests’ these days, they're not talking about the SAT. They mean federally mandated, timed, 'one set of multiple choice questions fits all' tests designed to measure students' performance in basic subjects like math and reading. Each state decides how to define educational proficiency, and tests use a minimum of three scores: Below Basic, Proficient, and Advanced” (Kumeh). These tests are put together not only to test the students comprehension in these subjects, but to also see if the teacher is meeting the specific objectives for each subject. States were not federally mandated to give their own standardized tests until 1994 when the Clinton administration changed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. In which, it stated that every state receiving federal money must test third through eighth grade students in math and reading yearly. However, when President George W. Bush passed the “No Child Left Behind Act” in 2001, it requires that not only do these schools need to test their students annually, but they must improve their scores from the previous year or government regulations will be put into place. “Testing has been a valuable part of the educational process since the days of Socrates. There is nothing new or scary about it. It lets teachers and parents know how kids are doing and lets students see the rewards of hard work” (Spellings). The US Board of Education is...
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...most identify with the return of spring. However, many third through eighth grade students become aware of spring with extra math and reading classes. These students take practice tests, learn about the proper amount of sleep, and breakfast one needs prior to taking the annual standardized achievement test. Once again it is time to test what children have learned this school year, so that state and federal government can decide if children, teachers, and schools measure up to government standards. While achievement and standardized test are meant to improve the quality of education by measuring the performance of students, teachers, and schools; they hinder our children’s education. “The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, signed into law by (former) President Bush on January 8, 2002, is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the central federal law in pre-collegiate education” (Education week, 2004, Para. 1). The NCLB was put into place to enhance the public education system in America. NCLB stipulates criteria to improve the performance of students, schools, and teachers by evaluation through annual achievement tests. Determined by the results of the standardized achievement tests, schools are rewarded money from the federal government to implement and improve their curriculum. While NCLB is essentially for every publicly educated child, this law targets student groups with low level test scores such as: minority, English language learning...
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...An Act that is Lowering Moral The No Child Left behind Act (NCLB) was put into effect by George W. Bush in 2001. The purpose of this act is to improve education and allow for all children to have equal opportunity to advance in their careers post high school. Early in this transgression there are several negative consequences already. The creators incorporate too many regulations, which cause inefficiency and counter-productiveness. Improvement is based on standardized tests that cannot measure intelligence wholly. Treating children as if they learn at the same rate does not help all students use their critical thinking skills. The act aims to close the achievement gap and allows for “no child to be left behind”, but it is not simply a one size fits all ordeal. Everyone has different experiences of learning at their fullest potential. America is failing with this provision and it will greatly affect the future of the country. Every state is directly involved with the make-up of the test; in which case some states make their exams significantly easier. The NCLB founders are advocates for transporting children who reach qualifying test exams to different schools with hopes of better teachers. Students that are better test takers get the opportunity to have free transportation to non-failing schools, but they are not supporting their local communities. Legislation is overbearing in their influence with this act and it affects the amount of resources spent on limited subjects and...
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...Abstract Standardized testing does not define ones intelligence or ability. There has always been a quarrel about the tests: students may be very intelligent but are really bad test takers. The No child left behind act was an educational preference forced upon educators that will help them gain an equal opportunity at academic success. The law would promote this through standardized tests. Standardized testing may help students gain wonderful academic success however there are also things that can hinder scholars as well. Standardized testing has its advantages and disadvantages. Over the years standardized testing has been a trending topic, some people are in favor for the test while others are not. How can one test determine an individual’s ability or intelligence when students are people with needs and concerns beyond standardized testing! What is standardized testing? Standardized tests are tests where students answer multiple choice questions where each question only has one correct answer and are usually designed from experience and not theory (How standardized testing damages education ). The tests are based on educational aspects such as reading, math, and science skills (depending upon the type of standardized test being provided). Standardized testing is a law required aspect that is supposed to help scholars academic success and schools expand (with the use of federal funding). Various types of popular standardized test in the United States include Scholastic...
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