...Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 22, No. 4, Spring 2006: 109-142. An Information Systems Security Risk Assessment Model under Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions Lili Sun Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Rajendra P. Srivastava The University of Kansas and Theodore J. Mock University of Southern California and University of Maastricht Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the audit firm for making their audit work papers available for the study. We sincerely appreciate the help provided by the audit manager and for suggestions provided by Mike Ettredge, Greg Freix, Prakash Shenoy, and participants in AIS workshops at the University of Kansas and the 6th Annual INFORMS Conference on Information Systems and Technology. In addition, the authors would like to thank Drs. Jay F. Nunamaker, Jr., and Robert Briggs, Editor, Special Issue of JMIS, and the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions for revising the paper. 1 An Information Systems Security Risk Assessment Model under Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions ABSTRACT: This study develops an alternative methodology for the risk analysis of information systems security (ISS), an evidential reasoning approach under the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. The approach has the following important dimensions. First, the evidential reasoning approach provides a rigorous, structured manner to incorporate relevant ISS risk...
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...Read “Application Case 13-1: Dunkin’ Donuts and Domino’s Pizza: Training for Quality and Hustle” and answer the following questions. 1. What are the strengths and shortcomings of a decentralized approach to training managers and hourly employees? Discuss. 2. Develop a plan for determining the training needs of the hourly paid staff of a Domino’s pizza franchise. 3. In your opinion, why was the turnover rate among management trainees in Dunkin’ Donuts’ centralized program so high? A decentralized approach to training managers and hourly employees of Dunkin Donuts and Domino Pizza has various strengths and weaknesses. Some of the strengths of decentralized training to training managers are that decentralized training program provide the managers with both theoretical and important practical skills. The managers are able to put into practice what is required by corporate through on the job training. They are also bale to develop interpersonal skills by working effectively with others during their training and evaluating are things are done and run and how decisions are made. Similarly as they are often trained by experienced store managers or franchise owners they get to have an ongoing experience of how a store operates and how to deal with employees they will be managing (Ivancevich, 2010). For Dunkin Donuts, a decentralized approach to training proved efficient and less costly by dropping training costs from $418,000 to $172,000 (Case study, n.d.). It also...
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...Business Strategy Review Questions Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management 1. Distinguish between long-range planning and strategic planning. Long-range planning is used to optimize for tomorrow the trends of today, whereas strategic planning is used to exploit and create new and different opportunities for tomorrow. 2. Compare a company’s strategic plan with a football team’s game plan. A strategic plan is, in essence, a company’s game plan. Just as a football team needs a good game plan to have a chance for success, a company must have a good strategic plan to compete successfully. 3. Describe the three activities that comprise strategy evaluation. The three fundamental strategy-evaluation activities are (1) reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies, (2) measuring performance, and (3) taking corrective actions 4. How important do you feel “being adept at adapting” is for business firms? Explain. The strategic-management process is based on the belief that organizations should continually monitor internal and external events and trends so that timely changes can be made as needed. 5. Compare the opossum and turtle to the woolly mammoth and saber tooth tiger in terms of being adept at adapting. Students’ answers will vary, but students are likely to make the argument that those species that are adept at adapting are able to survive, while those that are unable to adapt are more likely to perish...
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...Nokia Case Study Introduction: The fundamental question in the field of strategic management is how organisations achieve and sustain competitive advantage (Teece, et al, 1997) and therefore attain above industry-average profit. However, since both the business environment and individual firms are dynamic systems, continuously in flux, it is a big challenge to achieve a fit between these two systems (de Wit B and Meyer R., 2004) and therefore get the competitive advantage. This essay will firstly assess and consider the balance of marketled and resource-based approaches from the academic point of view. These two approaches should be viewed as complementary (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990; Mintzberg et al, 1995; Greenley and Oktemgil, 1996). Following the discussion, the essay just analyzes Nokia’s strategies and empirically justified the reciprocal and complementary relationship between these two approaches. On the process of Nokia’s development, the company achieved success because it could balance these two approaches well. Once it failed to do so, the company immediately suffered the fall in 2004, lost market share and decreased the revenue. However, the company quickly recovered because it followed the market trends, and simultaneously its strong internal strengths neutralised the external threats. In addition, I will argue that Nokia can maintain its market share and its market leader position in the following years based on the good market opportunities in mobile phone industry...
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...Nokia Case Study Introduction: The fundamental question in the field of strategic management is how organisations achieve and sustain competitive advantage (Teece, et al, 1997) and therefore attain above industry-average profit. However, since both the business environment and individual firms are dynamic systems, continuously in flux, it is a big challenge to achieve a fit between these two systems (de Wit B and Meyer R., 2004) and therefore get the competitive advantage. This essay will firstly assess and consider the balance of marketled and resource-based approaches from the academic point of view. These two approaches should be viewed as complementary (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990; Mintzberg et al, 1995; Greenley and Oktemgil, 1996). Following the discussion, the essay just analyzes Nokia’s strategies and empirically justified the reciprocal and complementary relationship between these two approaches. On the process of Nokia’s development, the company achieved success because it could balance these two approaches well. Once it failed to do so, the company immediately suffered the fall in 2004, lost market share and decreased the revenue. However, the company quickly recovered because it followed the market trends, and simultaneously its strong internal strengths neutralised the external threats. In addition, I will argue that Nokia can maintain its market share and its market leader position in the following years based on the good market opportunities in mobile phone industry...
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...FULL NAME : LINH PHUONG TRAN STUDENT ID : BH12027 UOG ID : 000792235 MODULE CODE : BUSI1317 MODULE TUTOR : HA NGUYEN MODULE NAME : STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT COURSE : BA ( HON) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT INTAKE : MARCH 2013 TITLE : LENOVO EAST MEETS WEST OUTLINE TABLE CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 4 II. LENOVO HISTORY AND VISION STATEMENT 4 III. LENOVO SWOT ANALYSIS 6 1. External factors (O- opportunity and T-threat) 6 2. Internal factors ( S- strength and W-weakness) 9 IV. LENOVO STRATEGIC CHOICES 13 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 14 List of figure Figure | Name | page | 1 | The Lenovo history timeline | 4 | 2 | Lenovo vision statement | 5 | 3 | Porter’s Diamond model | 6 | 4 | Lenovo Porter’s Diamond model | 7 | 5 | Strength in Lenovo’s structure | 10 | 6 | Lenovo CAGE framework | 11 | 7 | Lenovo strategic implementation | 13 | 8 | strategic triangle | 14 | I. INTRODUCTION Thomas L.Friedman reminded to the term "Flat world" as the way to describe to an era of new World economy. Which including the globalization, intense competition, a big market without borders, the variety and combination of cultures in the World (Thomas L. Friedman, 2005; Victor K. Fung, el, at 2007; Ronald Aronica and Mtetwa Ramdoo, 2006). In fact, The change, updates, innovation and competition in technology industry are taking a level higher, because it happening every days, every hours (Jeffrey T. Macher, David C. Mowery; 2004). Factors...
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...(i)Executive Summary This project discusses the Strategic Management process which Robbins and Coulter (2007:240) define as” A six –step process that encompasses strategy planning, implementation, and evaluation”. The project is based on the strategic management of Barclays Bank. The main goal of Barclays bank is to satisfy people’s needs and offer them the best service. According to Jones and George (2008:308), the SWOT analysis is “A planning exercise in which managers identify organizational strengths (s) and weaknesses (W) and environmental opportunities (O) and threats (T)”. Strengths might include adequate financial resources, economies of scale, and proprietary technology. Weaknesses include lack of strategic direction, obsolete facilities, and lack of managerial depth and talent. Whereas, Opportunities might include the possibility of serving additional customers in the face of weakening competition, or the chance to enter foreign markets due to falling trade barriers. Threats might include the likely entry of new lower-cost foreign competitors, rising sales substitute products, and slowing market growth (Dessler, 2004). Four important features that lead to the success of Barclays bank are: High quality products, team spirit between the bank’s employees, wide spread global presence and strong management with well educated managers. Although Barclays bank is a highly qualified bank, it still lacks important services and offers like Islamic banking and Drive...
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...Introduction: Why Project Management? To Accompany PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Achieving Competitive Advantage By Jeffrey K. Pinto CHAPTER ONE PROJECT PROFILE – Disney’s Expedition Everest INTRODUCTION 1. WHAT IS A PROJECT? General Project Characteristics 2. WHY ARE PROJECTS IMPORTANT? PROJECT PROFILE – Dubai – Land of Mega-Projects 3. PROJECT LIFE CYCLES PROJECT MANAGERS IN PRACTICE – Christy Rutkowski, Regency Construction Services 4. DETERMINANTS OF PROJECT SUCCESS PROJECT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN BRIEF – Assessing Information Technology (IT) Project Success 5. DEVELOPING PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY 6. PROJECT ELEMENTS AND TEXT ORGANIZATION Summary Key Terms Discussion Questions Case Study 1.1 – MegaTech, Inc. Case Study 1.2 – The IT Department at Hamelin Hospital Internet Exercises PMP Certification Sample Questions Bibliography TRANSPARENCIES 1.1 GENERAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS 1) Projects are ad hoc endeavors with a clear life cycle. 2) Projects are building blocks in the design and execution of organizational strategies. 3) Projects are responsible for the newest and most improved products, services, and organizational processes. 4) Projects provide a philosophy and strategy for the management of change. 5) Project management entails crossing functional and organizational boundaries. 6) The traditional management functions of planning, organizing...
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...Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: G Industrial Engineering Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Investigation of Sigma Level at the Stage of Testing Cement after Packing and Improving it using FMEA Approach By Md. Golam Kibria, Md. Enamul Kabir & S. M. Mahbubul Islam Boby Khulna University of Engineering &Technology (KUET), Bangladesh Abstract- Sophisticated customer demands and advanced technology have changed the way of conducting business. Financial condition of a manufacturing company largely depends on the defect rate of a product. Understanding the key features, obstacles, and shortcomings of the six sigma method allows organizations to better support their strategic directions, and increasing needs for coaching, mentoring, and training. The objectives of this paper are to study and evaluate processes of the case organization, to find out the current sigma level and finally to improve the existing Sigma level through decreasing defects. According to objectives, current sigma level has been calculated, manufacturing process analyzed and suggestions given for improvement. Especially in analyzing phase different analysis tools like Production Layout, Process Block Diagram, Cause and Effect Diagram, Cheek Sheet, Process control chart are used. FMEA is used as improvement tool. By using this it...
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...Question 1 Analyse how BASF, by adopting a strategic approach to human resource management, seeks to proactively provide a competitive advantage, through the company’s HRM practices. Strategic management is defined as “a pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organisation to achieve its goals” (Noe et al, 2012) Every organisation is concerned with competing effectively in the global market and they have to decide how they would stand out as being number one. (Noe et al, 2012) notes that “…business organizations exist in an environment of competition. There are several ways of gaining competitive advantage and company’s need to play to their strengths because not all businesses have the same strengths. Many markets are segmented and what is important to one set of customers may be less important to another set. Companies need to decide which part of the market they are targeting. As seen in the case study BASF targets the chemical industry and strives to be the best of its kind. According to (Noe et al, 2012) four levels of integration seems to exist between the HRM function and the strategic management function: administrative linkage, one-way linkage, two-way linkage and integrative linkage. Strategic planning Strategic planning Strategic planning Strategic planning Strategic planning Strategic planning Strategic planninging Strategic planninging HRM function HRM function HRM function HRM function HRM function HRM...
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...Francesco Frontera Human Resources Management Prof. Huesing European University MBA (Group B) circa 1300 words 1 LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL? MANAGING COMPLEX EMPLOYMENT EXPECTATIONS Answers to questions number 1 and 2. The “traditional expatriate compensation” is the expatriate policy applied by the company in exam when talented employees are sent abroad to take international experiences, or when managers are assigned for international assignments to transfer knowledge across borders. This policy presumes that the expatriate assignment couldn’t be longer than 3 years, and at the end of the contract the expatriate must be returning home. During its assignment, the expatriate receive the home-based salary plus a full incentives package such are: settling in allowance, medical health care, visa and permits and the full covering of travel costs. Moreover, the company provides to financing the pre-assignment visit, having care of the house haunting and searching school. Retention bonuses and miscellaneous allowances are even included in the packet. After this overview of the policy, is possible to point out that the “traditional expatriate compensation packet” is based on the “balance sheet approach”, which has the basic objective to allows the expatriate to maintain the home-country living standards plus a financial inducement to...
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...debate – and with extremely varied outcomes being proposed as the ‘best approach’. This said there are some key themes and core strategic ideas that have emerged and developed across these ideas over time. In this article by Hamel and Prahalad (1993), strategy is discussed as stretch and leverage. This analysis will look at where Hamel and Prahalad’s article sits in the grand scheme of the strategy debate. It will go on to analyse the supporting theory including the reality of any assumptions made by its authors. Finally, the analysis will close with a conclusion based on the articles strengths and weaknesses, as well as a personal perspective considering the theory put forward. Placing of the article in the wider strategy debate Elements of Hamel and Prahalad’s article can be attributed to a number of recurring themes in various different strategy debates. The most appropriate position, however, could be that it lies in the resource-based and positioning spectrum. Essentially – and very broadly – these opposing views are organisation and environment-led respectively. There are elements in Hamel and Prahalad’s article that draw on ideas from both these approaches, although it could be interpreted that it largely adopts the resource-based view. The resource-based view looks at analyzing a firm’s internal resources and using this to devise a strategy (Wernerfelt, 1984). A fundamental aspect of the resource-based view of strategy is that an organisation is affected by its internal...
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...Reflection Paper This reflection paper describes three large sections of the author trying to convey. These three parts are Strategic Management from the writer’s point of views, Strategic Management from the participants or students’ perspectives in class discussions and application Strategic Management in everyday life, especially in the military context. 1. Strategic Management from My Point of Views Before implementing a selected strategy from several alternatives, we should carefully analyze and consider the selected strategy. Strategy analysis can take a longer time before coming to the decision-making process. The intention is that an organization will be on the effective condition and position in attempting created goals and objectives in various influences from internal as well as external factors. Sometimes internal and external factors change the level of intensity and urgency in conducting certain kinds of strategic decisions completely. The orientation of such specific strategies based on various assumptions is related to the assumption which has been used by the planner, in this case, a manager or leader in an organization to produce a decisive strategy. Managers or leaders have to fully aware that all consequences from the implementation of the strategy are being measured and estimated appropriately. After an organization formulating their strategy, then the working units in the organization can set some technical ways in conducting the strategy. The next step...
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...The Harvard Business School case study Silvio at Schindler India summarizes the issues and problems associated with the elevator company’s entry into a new market global. Schindler Holdings Ltd. is a Swiss-based manufacturer of escalators and elevators pursued new entry into the India market. Key members of the executive committee believed that there was a significant growth potential in the industry. The goal of the company was to develop standardized elevators at a lower cost than the existing customized market. They turned to Silvio Napoli, Vice-President; Schindler in Asia to lead the new market entry. To enter the market, Silvio and company had many factors to contend with; including but not limited to (1) the strategic approach and mode of entry; (2) organizational structure; (3) marketing, sourcing and logistics strategies; and (4) international and local staffing policies. Simultaneously, the company had to consider the best international strategic approach applicable to the specific market environment; government guidelines; product development including targeting and positioning; chain supply management including logistics efficiency; and possible human resources management issues including cultural navigation and other differences. The following critical issues will be discussed in this analysis; (1) identify and discuss two major issues and management problems that challenge Schindler’s cultural adaption for its operations in India; (2) was Silvio the right choice...
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...V (Pvt) Ltd – Company at a glance Country T has a nationalised railway system known as T Railways. | T Railways (T$ 1291 Million) | Products: | TCL | TFR | TPTS | Revenue %: | T$ 680 Million. | T$ 516 Million. | T$ 95 Million. | Offering: | services offered are between all towns and cities within Country T which are connected to the railway network and cross national borders | hauls freight right across the network within Country T and across national borders into other countries, some of which are situated within the eurozone | replaced T Railways Property and has responsibility for all other services including maintenance and upgrade of track and all of T Railways’ property. It operates 200 railway stations, rents space out within the stations for retail purposes as well as running some of its own cafes. TPTS also operates 11 maintenance depots. | TargetCustomer: | all passenger rail services within Country T and operates on average 1,800 passenger train services per day | not offer any passenger services. Goods transported in bulk service. | | The role of the Rail Regulator: * To ensure that the railway service is delivered in Country T in a safe and efficient manner. * To help the T Railways Board meet future challenges in the provision of an efficient railway service which provides high levels of satisfaction to all rail users and the improvement of safety for staff and passengers. * provides an independent review of T Railways’ activities. ...
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