...Communication Treatments for Post-Stroke Patients Robbi Barnett West Texas A&M University Current Communication Treatments for Post-Stroke Patients According to the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (2014), stroke is the leading cause of disability, causing 1 out of every 20 deaths in the U.S. each year. Stroke is defined as a breakup of the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blood clot or embolus (Dark & Sander, 2014). There are two main types of stroke, the first is ischemic, caused by a blood clot blocking a cerebral artery. The second type is hemorrhagic, which is caused by a bleeding vessel into the brain. The left hemisphere of the brain has many functions that are critical to the field of speech-language pathology. The ability to produce speech and language resides on the left side of the brain. Brain damage in this area will disrupt the individual’s ability to use their language to communicate to others. Lesions to the right hemisphere of the brain can affect the emotional comprehension of language, such as...
Words: 444 - Pages: 2
...The Use of Music Therapy on Stroke Victims When normal blood flow to the brain fails, a stroke occurs, there are more than 780,000 strokes every year in the United States causing more serious long-term disabilities than any other disease that number is expected to increase in the coming years. (Know Stroke). While preventing strokes is obviously a goal, the development of successful rehabilitation strategies is equally important. Music therapy has shown promise as a way to help stroke victims recover a variety of lost functionality. In this paper I will be describing the beneficial effects that music has on stroke victims. There are two main types of stroke ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke occurs when blood vessels are blocked, usually by a clot. This accounts for four in five strokes. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a broken or leaking blood vessel in the brain (NIH). The effects of a stroke vary by its type, severity and location within the brain. A stroke may affect only one side of the body or part of one side. It can cause cognitive deficits, muscle weakness or paralysis. A stroke in the right half of the brain can cause visuospatial issues, impaired judgment and behavior, along with short-term memory loss. A stroke in the left half of the brain can cause speech and language problems, slow and cautious behavior, as well as memory problems. A stroke in the cerebellum can cause abnormal reflexes, balance problems, and dizziness, nausea, or vomiting (Office on...
Words: 1649 - Pages: 7
...My evidence practice question for this assignment was, “How can I as an OTA treat a patient with aphasia.” I had learned about aphasia in physical dysfunction and became very interested in how to help clients who had this condition. According to Palmer, Hughes, and Chater (2017), aphasia is a common consequence of stroke affecting all aspects of communication including the ability to understand spoken and written language. American Speech-Language Hearing Association (n.d.). states that aphasia is most often caused by stroke but any type of brain damage can cause aphasia. There website provides tips for communication with a person who has aphasia such as keeping eye contact, slowing down your speech, and asking the client to draw, write, or...
Words: 283 - Pages: 2
...Aphasia comes from the Greek root word, “aphatos”, meaning “speechless”. It is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of any language modality which may include difficulty in producing or comprehending spoken or written language. Aphasia occurs in men and women alike and although it is more common in middle-aged adults it may also occur in children. Depending on the area and extent of the brain damage, someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak and not write, or vice versa. Aphasia may also display a wide variety of other language deficiencies in language comprehension and production such as the ability to sing and not speak. Aphasia may also co-occur with speech disorders such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which is now a disorder in itself ((Risser, Anthony H.; Spreen, Otfried (2003). Assessment of aphasia. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press).). Both resulting from brain damage. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from a neurological injury and characterized by poor articulation. Apraxia is a disorder caused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum and is characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and ability to perform the movements (wikopedia). One can understand how both of these disorders correlate closely to the language disorder aphasia, rather taking an in depth look or just an overview. Aphasia is caused by damage to one or more language...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...Analysis of the Ways of Speaking and Other Cognitive Behaviors of the Patients of Broca's Aphasia and Wernicke's Aphasia. An Empirical Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirement for the Course: Sociolinguistics and Psycholinguistics of the Masters of Arts In the Department of English Language and Literature Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University Trishal, Mymensingh. Supervisor- Md. Afaz Uddin Lecturer Department of English Language and Literature Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University Trishal, Mymensingh. Date: November 05, 2012. Corresponding Authors: Name ID Hosneara Khatun 087 Jyotirmoyee Barman 097 Mahbubul Alam 064 Nazbina Ferdousy Nazneen Sultana O53 Nusrat Jahan 086 Nusrat Tanzin 103 Samiya Tarannum O88 ABSTRACT Language performance of human being is inseparably related to the brain. There are some specific areas in the brain that are responsible for language understanding, organizing and producing. Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are two such type of crucial...
Words: 4654 - Pages: 19
...Broca’s Aphasia, also known as Expressive Aphasia, was discovered by physician Paul Broca after studying a patient who could only speak the word “tan” following severe brain damage (“Broca’s (Expressive) Aphasia,” n.d.). This form of Aphasia occurs as a result of damage within the frontal regions of the brain. Specifically, this location is known as Broca’s area of the brain, which is known as the speech area. This causes Mr. Brown to have trouble executing speech, as working memory and motor planning are disrupted (Owens, R. E., Jr., Farinella, K. A., & Metz, D. E., 2014, p. 151). Though the malformation in Mr. Brown’s vascular system is developmental, as it has been present from birth, his diagnosis of Broca’s aphasia is acquired, as it is...
Words: 773 - Pages: 4
... There are various categories of communication and more than one may occur at any time. The different categories of communication are: (1) Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media. (2) Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent. (3) Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media. (4) Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate messages. A message or communication is sent by the sender through a communication channel to a receiver, or to multiple receivers. The sender must encode the message into a form that is appropriate to the communication channel, and the receiver(s) then decodes the message to understand its meaning and significance. Communication disorders include problems related to speech, language and auditory processing. Gleanson (2001) defines a communication disorder as a speech and language disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function. The delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use their native language. In general, communications disorders commonly refer to problems in speech (comprehension and/or expression) that significantly interfere with an individual’s achievement and/or quality of life. Knowing the operational definition of the agency performing an assessment...
Words: 847 - Pages: 4
...other patients with the similar impairments: a lesion (injury) in the lower left frontal lobe of the brain. Broca’s area is located above and behind the left eye and this is the part of the brain responsible for speaking and language comprehension. This area controls the motor neurons that are responsible for speech control. The exact location of Broca’s area is not precise because it varies due to the sulci and gyrus surrounding it but generally the location is classified as being in the left frontal lobe. When damage occurs to Broca’s area (although it can still occur without damage to Broca’s area), it is called Broca’s aphasia. Aphasia is where a person has problems with speaking, reading, writing and even listening. The most common cause for this aphasia is a stroke. Specifically when Broca’s area is damaged, the aphasia is expressive meaning that individuals will have a hard time forming sentences. In the case of Broca’s area, damage location does not necessarily correlate to...
Words: 772 - Pages: 4
...“Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death in the US, with one person dying every 4 minutes as a result (McIntosh, 2016).” Strokes occur more often than one might think and by understanding the deficits that can occur after a stroke, individuals can be more prepared. There are many who do not believe in prophylactic medications and life style changes that can prevent a stroke or do not acknowledge the deficits that can be life long after a stroke. Teaching and being open to learning from healthcare professionals can be extremely important in stroke care before and after one occurs. After a stroke, patients can suffer from a number of challenges. Understanding these challenges are important in order to give patients individualized care directed...
Words: 1757 - Pages: 8
...What is Stroke? Also called CVA, or Cerebrovascular Accident, the stroke is a very interesting medical phenomenon. With more than 800,000 people experiencing new or reoccurring strokes each year (stroke.org), it is hard to just brush this off as another case that doesn’t need to be looked at. Stroke works much like a water hose with a knot in it, in the sense that the water will stop flowing while the knot is present. Strokes happen when blood flow has been restricted from the brain, causing the brain cells that were present in that area to die off. This often results in the victim losing control of one side of the body depending on which side of the brain was attacked, loss of basic motor and communication skills, quick or slow behavioral...
Words: 1721 - Pages: 7
...in brain function lies within the compartmentalization of mental, emotional, logistical, motor, and cognitive capabilities, this process began in earnest with the discovery of Broca's Area through the diagnosis of a particular symptom of trauma—Broca's aphasia. To understand the overall picture of this convoluted problem we must first examine the historical foundations through which aphasia was diagnosed. From there we will attempt to dissect the process of language evolution and attempt to recognize where aphasia fits within the equation of language structure. From structure, we must then look even closer to the actual biology of the neural network to examine how learning and language develops in order to assist in the therapy of aphasics the world over. Broca's area is a portion of the brain in the left temporal lobe which has been attributed to the process of speech. The term “aphasia” is derived from the Greek, aphatos, meaning “without speech”; although not all forms of aphasia silence the aphasic. As opposed to a learning disability which one grows up with, nor with diseases such as Alzheimer’s, aphasias are typified by beginning very suddenly with a trauma to particular portions of the brain. Thus and aphasia is basically a symptom of either a...
Words: 4125 - Pages: 17
...Progress Note Good morning Ms. Ella Smith, I see that you are here about the diagnosis of your father’s condition. I am prepared to explain the condition of your father. Mr. Drake was admitted to the hospital by ambulance he was suffering from fever and confusion. Mr. Drake had a physical examination done and he is suffering (encephalitis) inflammation of the brain tissue. Mr. Drake was given fluids through the IV to treat the infection around the brain tissue. Mr. Drake was placed on medication through the IV. Because of the severeness of his illness, Mr. Drake went into a light comatose state which only allowed tactile and verbal stimuli (response), but was unconscious. So a tube was placed through the nostril for feeding purposes. After 14 days of fluid injection through the IV Mr. Drake was slowly back to normal. PART 2. 1. Meningitis is swelling of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. There are different types of meningitis, but most are caused by viruses or bacteria. Viral meningitis can make you very sick but it often doesn’t have lingering effects. Bacterial meningitis is more serious. It progresses rapidly and can cause permanent damage or even become life-threatening. CT scans of the head may reveal swelling or inflammation. These tests can also help your doctor look for infection in other areas of the body that may be associated with meningitis. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). The definitive diagnosis of meningitis requires an analysis of your cerebrospinal...
Words: 943 - Pages: 4
...FUNCTIONS OF BRAIN PARTS - AMYGDALA: memory, emotion, aggression - HYPOTHALAMUS: basic biological functions (hunger thirst, temperature, sexual arousal, emotion - MEDULLA: vital functions (breathing, heart rate) - CEREBELLUM: coordinated movement, language, thinking - THALAMUS: switching station for sensory info; memory - SPINAL CORD: transmits signals between brain & rest of body CORTICAL HOMUNCULUS (Sensory & Motor) - picture representation of the anatomical divisions of primary motor & primary somatosensory cortex - “distortion” not based on size of body part greater representation = greater sensitivity - areas have to do with motor neurons DORSAL ANTERIOR -------(< ‘ )-------POSTERIOR (ROSTRAL) (CAUDAL) VENTRAL LATERAL -------- < : )8( MEDIAL )~ -------- LATERAL METHODS OF LOCALIZATION - assign specific functions to particular places in the cerebral cortex - LESION STUDIES: any pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of brain tissue - SURGERY: Wada Test (anesthetize one hem), Tumor Removal, Split Brain - INFERENCE STUDIES (talk while balancing broom) - FUNCTIONAL IMAGING - PET (positron emission tomography): track blood flow associated w/ brain activity; used to assess physiology, including glucose & oxygen metabolism, and presence of specific neurotransmitters - SPECT (single photon emission...
Words: 4014 - Pages: 17
...novel, Aphasia, My World Alone (1979), Helen Wulf gives her personal experience of having Aphasia and how this sudden and unexpected loss of communication has affected her life. Helen Wulf is a wife, mother, former business owner, as well as an accomplished author. Her personal account of having Aphasia sheds some light on the nature of this disorder and the difficulties accompanied by it. COMMUNICATION-RELATED FEATURES OF THE DISORDER • Talking is not easy for Helen Wulf. It’s exhausting and it can’t be done fast. Rather than an unconscious flow of words, she deliberately has to think of the words she has to say and her speaking sounds inebriated and stilted. This makes her narratives hard to follow...
Words: 739 - Pages: 3
...SPHY 202: Language Disorders (Acquired) 2 Assessment 2: Case Study MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Sustained a left-sided MCA CVA involving lateral frontal lobe TIME POST-ONSET: 6 months SPEECH LANGUAGE DIAGNOSIS: Broca’s aphasia characterised by severe difficulties with expressive language skills involving both verbal and written modalities. ------------------------------------------------- Background Ruby is a 39-year old woman who lives at home in the UK with her husband and two children, 9 and 7 years old. Ruby was first admitted to hospital on the 1st of February 2014 following right side weakness in upper and lower limbs, aphasia and an associated fall getting out of bed in the morning. She was found to have an acute left sided middle cerebral artery infarct involving the lateral frontal lobe. The pre-central gyrus was also involved and damage possibly extends to the lateral fissure and subcortical structures. This has resulted in a right-sided hemiplegia affecting her upper limb primarily. No preceding significant medical history. Ruby has previously spent 2 weeks in a specialist stroke unit and then 3 months in a rehabilitation unit during which she received treatment from physio, OT and speech pathology. Include client demographic information; include information about previous intervention details social history, premorbid level of function, and any other relevant medical or allied health intervention details to date. Language Assessment Ruby’s communication...
Words: 2008 - Pages: 9