...Anthropology What is Anthropology? Anthropology is defined as the study of human nature and how humans are set apart from the other animals. In this paper it is my goal to not only go deeper in the meaning of this topic but also to look at it through the eyes of Christianity. I will be touching on tough subjects such as sin and what causes sin. Along with when we do sin what are some of the consequences we face because of that sin. I also want to go into some detail about the physical characteristics of both male and female, and the relationship between both of them. Finally we have to talk about the concept of being created and whose image we were created in. In my case I know I was created in the Image of God and I will explain to you how I know each and every human to ever live was created in that exact image. If we are to study this idea of Anthropology we first need to think of the concept of where we originated from. With this being said we first need to look at the creation story. Now in Genesis 1:1 it says that “God created the heavens and the earth.” Now we have this concept that God who always was is and will forever be created this earth. God created all the plants in the ground to all the birds in the air. Everything you see, taste, touch, and feel God created. Some of you might be wondering well I am eating a piece of cake right now that my grandmother made how could God have possibly made it when I watched my Grandmother bake it herself. You then need to step back...
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...Navajo Way of Life Kathleen E. St.Cyr ANT101 Jeffrey Ratcliffe July 16, 2012 Every culture has a primary mode of subsistence that makes them unique. Among the Navajo culture their primary mode of subsistence are pastoralists. Pastoralists have an impact on different aspects with in the culture. The aspects that I will be discussing will be the Navajo’s beliefs and values, sickness and healing, kinship, and their social organization. “Pastoralists are those who regularly move in search of naturally occurring grass and water.” (Nowak & Laird, 2010) Navajo’s are an Indian tribe that live on reservations and sometimes reside on public domains outside of the reservations. The Navajo nation is the largest reservation in North America. The Navajo tribe is the natives of what is called the Four Corners region that reside in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. Navajo’s call themselves Dineh, meaning “the people.” “Up until 1848, the land on which the Navajos lived had belonged to Mexico. The Navajos had to continually fight not only the Spanish, but also other Indian tribes in order to live on this land.” (Oracle ThinkQuest, The Navajo People) They continued this fight up until the 1850’s and 1860’s when Americans built Fort Defiance for the Navajo country, near what is now called Window Rock, Arizona. Only soon to be captured and killed by the Americans. After having to surrender and forced to walk 300 miles to Fort Sumner in eastern New Mexico and years...
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...KOTTAK Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 The New Ecological Anthropology Older ecologies have been remiss in the narrowness of their spatial and temporal horizons, their functionalist assumptions, and their apolitical character. Suspending functionalist assumptions and an emphasis upon (homeo)stasis, "the new ecological anthropology" is located at the intersection of global, national, regional, and local systems, studying the outcome of the interaction of multiple levels and multiple factors. It blends theoretical and empirical research with applied, policy-directed, and critical work in what Rappaport called an "engaged" anthropology; and it is otherwise attuned to the political aspects and implications of ecological processes. Carefully laying out a critique of previous ecologies by way of announcing newer approaches, the article insists on the need to recognize the importance of culture mediations in ecological processes rather than treating culture as epiphenomenal and as a mere adaptive tool. It closes with a discussion of the methodologies appropriate to the new ecological anthropology. / "the new ecology, " political ecology, applied or engaged anthropology, linkages methodology] cological anthropology was named as such during the 1960s, but it has many ancestors, including Daryll Forde, Alfred Kroeber, and, especially, Julian Steward. Steward's cultural ecology influenced the ecological anthropology of Roy Rappaport and Andrew...
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...Anthropology & Medicine, 2013 Vol. 20, No. 1, 98–108, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2012.747594 ‘My wife, you are supposed to have a rest now’: an analysis of norms influencing men’s role in prenatal care in south-eastern Tanzania Karin Grossa,b,Ã, Iddy Mayumanac and Brigit Obrista,b,d a Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; bUniversity of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; cIfakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania; d University of Basel, Institute of Anthropology, Basel, Switzerland (Received 27 September 2011; final version received 19 July 2012) Men as sexual partners, fathers and household heads have a direct bearing on women’s reproductive health. However, little is known about the influence of changing norms and values on men’s role in ensuring women’s health during pregnancy and childbirth. This study from rural south-eastern Tanzania explores men’s and women’s discussions on men’s roles and responsibilities in prenatal care and links them to an analysis of norms and values at the household level and beyond. Data from eight focus group discussions with men and women were consensually coded and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Four dimensions of norms and values, which emerged from analysis, bear upon men’s support towards pregnant women: changing gender identities; changing family and marriage structures; biomedical values disseminated in health education; and government regulations. The...
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...Research TOC BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY, “SOCIOBIOLOGY,” AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Bobbi S. Low W hen Juliet was twelve, her father, without consulting her, betrothed her to a man more than twice her age. She, being in love with Romeo, complained. Her father’s answer was (Act III, Scene V): An you will not wed, I’ll pardon you! Graze where you will, you shall not house with me; … An you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend; An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, For, by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee, Nor what is mine shall never do thee good. Today, in the United States, Juliet would probably sue her father for child abuse. And she would be likely to win. What is common, approved, and thought ethical varies widely across human cultures in time and space: whether one may marry more than one person at a time; who chooses marriage partners; whether abortion and infanticide are approved or forbidden; whether one may eat all meats, some meats, or none; what kinds of killings are forbidden or encouraged. How are we to make sense of all this variety? Human behavior has traditionally been the province of anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Within each of these fields there exist diverse approaches. Recently, behavioral ecology, an evolutionary approach to why we behave as we do, has joined other fields in trying to explain some of the diversity in human behavior. With its roots in Charles Darwin’s work 1 on natural selection, it examines how environmental conditions...
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...Maddison Braun ANT: 350 Medical Anthropology “Diabetes from the War” March 31, 2015 Type 2 diabetes is a condition the affects the way the body processes blood sugar or glucose. Unlike type 1 diabetes the body does produce insulin, but either the pancreas does not produce enough of it or the body cannot use the insulin efficiently. This is why type 2 diabetics are called insulin resistant. It is often called adult onset diabetes as most of the symptoms do not present themselves until well into adulthood. However, many people who have type 2 diabetes will show no symptoms at all. Many things have been said to cause diabetes such as being overweight, living an unhealthy lifestyle and even over exposure to some chemicals. There is currently no cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be managed with proper treatment. This treatment mainly involves living a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a healthy weight. Without proper treatment, diabetes can be a very serious disease. Over time, the high glucose levels in the blood can damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys and heart. This, in turn, can lead to atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries and can cause a heart attack, stroke or loss of vision. In some cases, it can result in death of the host when the diabetes reaches its most advanced stages. No two people on this earth are the same. This is especially true when it comes to diseases. No one on this entire earth is going to experience the...
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...Wine - historical & Archaeological OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION: Archeological studies of alcohol can provide deep insight into societies past and present. Around the world and throughout time, humans demonstrate a nearly universal proclivity towards alcoholic beverages. As cultural anthropologist David Mandelbaum writes, cultural attitudes towards alcohol vary around the world from adoration to proscription of drink, but there are few cultures [1]that completely ignore alcohol (Mandelbaum 1965: 281). Distillation of hard spirits happened only in recent times and for much of human history, wine and beer[2] were the only alcoholic beverages available for common consumption (if a bar or tavern was present in a particular culture). Archeological evidence shows that while during the last 10,000 years alcohol consumption was common, it was also uniquely culturally contextual. Dutch archeologist Marijke Van der Veen claims that “[studying] the production, preparation, consumption, and disposal can help identify the social context of food” (Van der Veen 2006: 407). A more traditional archeological approach focuses less on the production of food due to its “transient nature”.[3] Ethnographic research can provide more information about consumption practices as can historic sources, but we need more information from actual artifacts found at sites around the world. With artifacts, we can provide a more conclusive picture of how different cultures produced, consumed, valued or...
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...GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY STUDENT GUIDELINE NOTES GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY MODULE Paste the notes here… Political economy originally was the term for studying production, buying and selling, and their relations with law, custom, and government. Political economy originated in moral philosophy (e.g. Adam Smith was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow), it developed in the 18th century as the study of the economies of states — polities, hence political economy. In late nineteenth century, the term "political economy" was generally replaced by the term economics, used by those seeking to place the study of economy upon mathematical and axiomatic bases, rather than the structural relationships of production and consumption (cf. marginalism, Alfred Marshall). History of the term Originally, political economy meant the study of the conditions under which production was organized in the nation-states. The phrase économie politique (translated in English as political economy) first appeared in France in 1615 with the well known book by Antoyne de Montchrétien: Traicté de l’oeconomie politique. French physiocrats, Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx were some of the exponents of political economy. In 1805, Thomas Malthus became England's first professor of political economy, at the East India Company College, Haileybury, Hertfordshire. The world's first professorship in political economy was established...
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...University of Cagayan valley Chapter I The Problem and its background Introduction Giving our interest to describe and focusing to our traditions, beliefs, and practices is a achievement to developed rapidly our knowledge as a filipimo. We consider that improvement of our experiences and idea is a one wayin attaining our objectives and goals, our lives. The malaueg people are kind, linguistic group are found in rizal, Cagayan. They are kind, humble, and hospitable. They willingly offer a stranger a good night’s rest and let him used the newest and cleanest blanket, newly sewed pillow and dress chicken for viand which the head of the family would usually say “ pasensiyahan mi lamang ya native nga annu” which is means this is what we can afford to offer for viand. They are religious and go to church every Sundays and holidays of obligation. Whenever there is a calamity like drought, earthquake, or heavy downpour, people of all walks of life gather together and say for a novena for the intersession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. They also practice the bayanihan system specially during the construction of house and during hard times. THE SETTING Mallaueg now Rizal, Cagayan Geographically, Mallaueg is already part of coldillera situated high up in the mountains, almost parallel to, and in walking distance to the town of conner in Apayao. Mallaueg is in the words keesing, “located” in foothill country 10 miles westward from piat on the matalag river and some miles...
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...A Mixture of Tibanglan or Tubli (Derris Elliptica )and Nami or Intoxicating Yam (Dioscorea Hispida) as an alternative Rodenticide An Investigatory Project Presented to: Department of Education As an Entry to the: 2014-2015 INTEL Philippines Science Fair Crislyn Keith P. Torrefiel (Proponent) Mrs. Irene M. Cruz Research Adviser J.P. Rizal St. Bagong Silangan Quezon City Bagong Silangan High School ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This investigatory project would never been accomplished without the effort, assistance and financial support of the people who willingly helped the researcher. In due recognition of all those who contributed to the success of this study, the researcher extend her utmost gratitude ad heartfelt appreciation of the following: Mrs. Angelita Regis, Principal IV of Bagong Silangan High School Sir. Edwin Abengoza, Head Teacher III of Science Department Mrs. Irene M. Cruz, my Science teacher, who motivated and guided me on making such project, My family, who gave me assistance and financial support. ABSTRACT Rats and mice are house pests that carry germs-causing diseases. To eliminate them many resort to buying some expensive commercial rodenticide. Dispensing this commercial rodenticides is synthetically prepared. This commercial and synthetic rodenticides are also harmful to our environment. To solve this problem, the researcher had thought of innovations in controlling these house pests safely & effectively. This study was conducted...
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...History The pioneer settlers of the Mindoro Islands were the Aeta, referred to in the early Spanish accounts as the Chichimecos. It has been theorized that when the Malay immigrants arrived in Mindoro, they pushed the Aeta deep into the interior. The former, however, did not completely isolate the latter and instead continued bartering their commodities with forest products which were in turn traded with foreign merchants plying Philippine seas. The Mangyan settled along the shores of Mindoro Island approximately 600-700 years ago. It is believed that they had come from the southern regions of the archipelago. They were gradually forced to leave their coastal settlements by more aggressive groups. It appears that the Mangyan have traditionally been an unwarlike people, choosing to give up an area uncontested rather than fight for it. The earliest accounts, which mention Mindoro and its people, are found 13th century Chinese dynastic records. A number of Chinese state documents, particularly those written in the Sung and Ming dynasties, suggest that before the coming of the Spanish conquistadors, commercial trade was flourishing between the inhabitants of Mindoro and Chinese merchants. Objects unearthed on the island, such as ceramics, porcelain, large earthenware, beads, and glass object are evidence of precolonial trade, which contributed to the shaping of an indigenous material culture among the early inhabitants of Mindoro. The island was a viable...
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...Fa"Fad diet" is a term of popular media, not science. Some so-called fad diets may make pseudo-scientific claims. According to one definition, fad diets claim to be scientific but do not follow the scientific method in establishing their validity. What is a fad diet? There are many different definitions of what a fad diet consists of. One definition is any weight loss plan that quickly gains popularity and may become unpopular just as quick. A more specific definition is any weight loss program or aid that promises to produce dramatic weight loss in a very short amount of time. Each type of fad diet varies in the amount of food that is restricted and what types of foods may be restricted. Are fad diets healthy? The basis of these diets is usually a very restricted diet that may even eliminate certain food groups all together. Research has shown that in order to obtain the amount of nutrients our body needs on a daily basis we must consume a balanced and varied diet. Fad diets do not allow consumers to eat a well-balanced diet in most cases which causes the lack of nutrients to the body. In particular, the diets that eliminate certain foods from a person’s diet completely put the person at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Many of the diet authors will suggest that consumers take daily supplements to make up for the lost nutrients; however supplements do not provide all the plant chemicals and nutrients that our bodies need to function properly. Another risk of these diets...
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...Cellphones The advent of mobile phones has squeezed this large world and brought it into the palm of human being. However mobile phones have always been instigating debates among the people about their merits and demerits. Apart from the instant access they give us, mobile phones have multipurpose uses ranging from business work, means for entertainment and ensuring security. On the other hand, they have some disadvantages like initiating violation of privacy, unnecessary wastage of money, talking on mobile phones while driving and emission of radiation from the handsets which is allegedly harmful for health. I would like to argue for the advantages of mobile phones which outweigh their disadvantages. The main feature of mobile phones is instant access' which makes them the most exclusive devices for communication. Now people can make voice or VDO call or send text messages to anyone anytime from almost anywhere at a cheap rate using mobile phones. Besides this, with the aid of the latest WAP technology users can surf the internet, send emails and chat with other people at a low cost (http://www.webuser.co.uk, 24th October, 2007). According to a research released on 13th February, 2007 from the Mobile Entertainment Forum and Ovum, 20% of UK subscribers search internet via mobile phones (http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Feb2007/4267.htm, retrieved 24th October, 2007). It is obvious that the communication has become a lot easier now compared to the pre-mobile phones period. Mobile...
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...Identities are often made public; however, anonymity in regards to person or place is very much a component to this research in accordance with the anthropological guidelines of human subject protection. A pseudonym has been provided for each individual and place of business that participated in this research. Introduction Society is not a mere sum of individuals. Rather, the system formed by their association represents a specific reality which has its own characteristics... The group thinks, feels, and acts quite differently from the way in which its members would were they isolated. If, then, we begin with the individual, we shall be able to understand nothing of what takes place in the group. -Ėmile Durkheim (1895) Anthropology as a discipline makes important contributions to academic scholarship and research. The anthropological importance of this research is to examine the...
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...or the importance of giving honor to our ancestors is a part of our daily activities. We consider our ancestors still to be with us, only that they exist in another world or dimension. Whenever we have some special feasts (e.g., occasions during death, wedding, family gathering, etc.), when we undertake something special (like going somewhere to look for a job or during thanksgiving), we perform some special offer. We call this "Menpalti/ Menkanyaw", an act of butchering and offering animals. During these times we call them in our prayers to join us in spirit. We do this also to ask for help and/or ask for guidance, etc. The prayers are usually performed by an elderly person of the town (called "pangamaen" for a man and "Panginaen" for a woman; however an elderly man has preference to be "the prayer renderer" when we have the choice). By the way and to reiterate, our practices of revering are not a form of...
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