...Development Across The Life Span Social Clock: Ravena Helson Social And PD In Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance, love, marriage and children are often the focus of life. The...
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...acquisition, organization and use of information. Motivation: Activation to action. Level of motivation is reflected in choice of courses of action, and in the intensity and persistence of effort. Perceived Self-Efficacy: People's beliefs about their capabilities to produce effects. Self-Regulation: Exercise of influence over one's own motivation, thought processes, emotional states and patterns of behavior. Perceived self-efficacy is defined as people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives. Selfefficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse effects through four major processes. They include cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes. A strong sense of efficacy enhances human accomplishment and personal well-being in many ways. People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided. Such an efficacious outlook fosters intrinsic interest and deep engrossment in activities. They set themselves challenging goals and...
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...Characteristics…………………………………………………. 4 Psychological Impact of Puberty………………………………………………….. 5 Pubertal Timing………………………………………………………………………. 6 Eating Disorders……………………………………………………………………….. 7 Steroid Use…………………………………………………………………………….... 7 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………… 8 References……………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Adolescence is the time of growth and maturation. It is a stage of transition from childhood towards adulthood (Larson, Wilson, & Rickman, 2009; Schlegel, 2009). This phase of life occurs approximately at the age of 10 and concludes in the early 20s. During the course of adolescence individuals exhibit a great deal of changes; one of them being the biological changes. During the biological manifestations of adolescence, individuals demonstrate physical changes and psychological changes The physical changes occurring during the adolescence is due to puberty. Puberty is derived from Latin, pubertas or “adulthood”. Although it may seem that puberty comes on abruptly, it is actually a slow and continuous procedure. In fact, it begins at conception (Susman, Dorn, 2009). Genetic factors and environmental factors are both responsible for puberty initiation. Thus as a result, certain individual mature earlier than others. Generally, girls go through puberty two years before boys do. There are three...
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...* * * * * Issues of Social Development in Adulthood Yvonne Gonzalez University of Phoenix PSY/201 Foundations of Psychology Tracy S. Ramos, Faculty April 7th, 2013 * * * * * * * * * I found this article to be very interesting. Surprisingly, it was difficult to locate a credible article that discussed women in their midlife; which it is why I really liked this article. Life Course Transitions and Depressive Symptoms among Women in Midlife, discusses about different issues that has accrue in adult women through midlife. It also discusses how midlife in adult women can affect their social development. This article will provide you with transitioning stage of midlife in adult women, as well as some of the consequences that can occur as women transition into midlife. It gives you step by step as to how each transition will affect her. This study was done on women from the ages 50-59 to show midlife transition and depression will affect the women. It will also tell you things about the male midlife transition and how they will react differently than women in their midlife transition. * Yes, I find that this article would be a great choice as a main source for a research paper. I say this because; it provides you with credible information and statistics on social development in women transitioning through midlife. It also provides you with information on how to overcome the issues that...
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... Health risks of smoking tobacco With the continued increase if information from all available sources, the practice of research has become increasingly specialized. In this regard, the amount of published literature has increased spectacularly. This literature usually differs in its design work, methodology superiority, and the amount of population involved in studies, interventions, tests and differing conditions. Since even the most cited sources are open to refute or challenges, there is a need to create a summary that reduces uncertainty. Most review sources and articles take on a form of narrative, whereby the content professionals write regarding a specified field. Reviews have a lot of benefits including a wide range of summary of relevant data tempered by years of handy knowledge. In many circumstances, readers and researchers opt for information about specific information on topics and require a high standard of assertion that available information is comprehensive and objective. At such a point, a reader turns to a quantitative synopsis of literature. A systematic review (Sterne, Egger, 2001 p. 89) takes account of processes that make out all studies specified for a particular question, which may be collected from research and other sources. A systematic review also evaluates methods used in the studies, summarizes the findings, as well as cites weaknesses...
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...Risk and Protective Factors for Depression: Implications for Prevention Depression in Children and Adolescents Linking Risk Research and Prevention Judy Garber, PhD Abstract: The National Institute of Mental Health has called for translational research linking basic knowledge about vulnerabilities that underlie mood disorders to the development of effective preventive interventions. This paper highlights research about risk factors for depression in children and adolescents and links it to current knowledge about interventions aimed at preventing depression in youth. Basic epidemiologic and clinical research indicates that increased risk for depression is associated with being female; a family history of depression, particularly in a parent; subclinical depressive symptoms; anxiety; stressful life events; neurobiological dysregulation; temperament/personality (e.g., neuroticism); negative cognitions; problems in self-regulation and coping; and interpersonal dysfunction. These vulnerabilities both increase individuals’ chances of encountering stress and decrease their ability to deal with the stress once it occurs. Although several existing depression-prevention studies have targeted one or more of these risk factors, the efficacy of these various prevention programs for youth with different combinations of these risk factors needs to be investigated further. Most existing depression-prevention programs in youth have used cognitive– behavioral techniques, with some success...
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...was brutally murdered. I have always felt a sense of guilt for his death. Additionally, I have always wondered if there was a connection between the sexual abuse I suffered as a child, the other traumatic events I experienced and the thought patterns and actions I used throughout my childhood and adolescence. Sadly, child sexual abuse (CSA) is prevalent in all societies, cultures, and occurs in every socioeconomic status, it knows no boundaries. Experts agree that experiencing this type of abuse during such a pivotal point in development can have detrimental effects on a child’s psyche. What are the common results of CSA and why do some survivors seem to be affected more deeply than others? What are the ramifications as they grow into adulthood? And do the coping strategies survivors use, create a possibility of further abuse? These are the questions researchers have been asking for years. My goal through the examination of this research is to discover the different implications of CSA so that I can completely understand myself; and as a prospective educator, I will be fully equipped with the knowledge needed to recognize the signs and symptoms of child abuse. I will look at three recently published studies targeting both the short and long term effects of child sexual abuse on both genders. In conclusion, I will create and describe my own interpretation of the information. The first study attempts to discover the short-term effects of CSA on girls aged seven to twelve in order...
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...………………………………………………………… 1 II. EFFECTS OF SEPARATION …………………………………………… 1 Psychological Problems…………………………………………… 1 B. Myths about Problems…………………………………………… 2 C. Effects of Relocation ……………………………………………… 2 III. WHY CHILDREN ARE IMPACTED BY SEPARATION……………… 8 • Fear of Change…………………………………………………… 8 • Fear of Being Abandoned………………………………………… 8 • Losing Attachment. ……………………………………………… 8 • Coping with Parental Tension…………………………………… 8 IV. SOME COMMON DANGER SIGNS THAT CHILDREN SHOWS THAT THEY ARE NOT EFFECTIVELY HANDLING THE SEPARATION PROCESS …………………………… 8 A. Trying to Bring Parents Back Together…………………………… 9 B. Aggression and Defiance. ………………………………............... 9 C. Depression and Withdrawal. ………………………………............ 9 V. WHAT CAN...
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...on the development of an individual. By Amy Stephens P2, P3 2015 Amy J [Type the company name] 1/1/2015 In this assignment I will be explaining the potential effects of different life factors towards and individual and then I'll try to explain the influences that come from these effects including two life events of the development of an individual. The five factors that can have an effect on someone's development and the ones I will be talking about are Biological, Genetic, Environmental, Life style and Socioeconomic. P2: Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual on two particular life stages. My two chosen life stages are childhood and the mother of the child so adulthood. The first potential life factor that can have an effect on an individual's development throughout their life is Biological factors, this factors includes Foetal alcohol syndrome, Infections during pregnancy and also the effects of an individual's diet. The environment inside a women's womb can have a dramatic influence on the development of the child for example if a women was to smoke regularly throughout pregnancy then the nicotine can have an effect on the foetus and its development. This is because nicotine can limit the amount of blood and nutrition that reaches the foetus, children that are born mothers that smoke during pregnancy are known to weight a lot less than a regular baby would and they can be more prone to infections....
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...PART 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT R esearching the process of human development across cultures provides us with an opportunity to improve the human condition as well as, hopefully, to acquire the knowledge needed to optimize life satisfaction. We therefore begin with an overview of how diverse social science and life science researchers (collectively known as developmentalists) approach the monumental task of studying humans over the course of the life span. Our discussion includes the goals of the scientific community, the recognized framework for studying the life span, what aspects of development warrant extensive examination, and what scientific methods are used to conduct research with humans. Chapter 2 discusses the main developmental theories over the past 100 years, when social scientists, biologists, and chemists focused on studying discrete aspects of human development. Earlier introspective methods about subconscious experience and contemporary measurable evidence about microscopic genetic codes, neurons, and hormones all contribute to our understanding of the human condition. Contemporary researchers are focusing on how to integrate scientific findings and theory from across cultures into a more meaningful whole about human development. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Critical Thinking Questions 1. Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional-social. Which domain has been most important for...
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...Forthcoming in: Ursula M. Staudinger and Ulman Lindenberger (eds.), Understanding Human Development: Lifespan Psychology in Exchange with Other Disciplines. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1 Karl Ulrich Mayer, 2002 The sociology of the life course and life span psychology - diverging or converging pathways? 1. Introduction In the last twenty to thirty years both life span psychology and the sociology of the life course have experienced a great and long take off with regard to theory building and conceptualization, methodological advances and empirical studies. Within sociology, but also partly in demography, economics and social policy studies, a cohort and life course perspective, event history analysis and microanalytic longitudinal data have become almost predominant (Mayer 1990, 2000; Riley et al. 1994). Baltes et al. (1999: 473) note, for instance, that life span psychology became more prominent due to, among other reasons, “... a concern with life span development in neighboring social science disciplines, especially sociology. Life course sociology took hold as a powerful intellectual force.” At the beginning of this development there were great expectations that the disciplines involved in this “life course turn” - especially life course sociology and life span psychology - would not only grow together in a parallel trajectory, but that there would be co-evolution in the direction of a truly interdisciplinary or even transdisciplinary paradigm...
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...and may want to engage in them to feel grown up and to present themselves as adults to others. Some of the reasons given are: the availability of cigarettes at home, parents being model of smoking and drinking behavior and consequently parents lack the credibility as advocates for non-smoking or non-drinking.(Aroyo 2001) Smoking and drinking are two of the most important risk factors explaining early mortality, accounting for an estimated 14 percent of deaths among youth worldwide. Most individuals try drinking alcohol for the first time in their early teens and most adult smokers begin smoking before age of 18. Many adolescents and youths are likely to adopt behaviors that are very common among adults sometime during their transition to full adulthood, even when they are aware of the undesirable health consequences of these...
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...Psychoanalytic Psychology 2004, Vol. 21, No. 3, 353–370 Copyright 2004 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 0736-9735/04/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0736-9735.21.3.353 THE UNEXPECTED LEGACY OF DIVORCE Report of a 25-Year Study Judith S. Wallerstein, PhD Judith Wallerstein Center for the Family in Transition and University of California, Berkeley Julia M. Lewis, PhD San Francisco State University This follow-up study of 131 children, who were 3–18 years old when their parents divorced in the early 1970s, marks the culmination of 25 years of research. The use of extensive clinical interviews allowed for exploration in great depth of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they negotiated childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. At the 25-year follow-up, a comparison group of their peers from the same community was added. Described in rich clinical detail, the findings highlight the unexpected gulf between growing up in intact versus divorced families, and the difficulties children of divorce encounter in achieving love, sexual intimacy, and commitment to marriage and parenthood. These findings have significant implications for new clinical and educational interventions. The study we report here begins with the first no-fault divorce legislation in the nation and tracks a group of 131 California children whose parents divorced in the early 1970s. They were seen at regular intervals over the 25-year span that followed. When we first met our ...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Manila Central University is known to be one of the top performing schools in related to health sciences programs. This school is home of the topnotchers in different fields of medical science. In that note, the growing population of new students, Filipino and even foreign students is observable. Entering into a new university is a big challenge for every freshmen student because they need to adapt to the new setting. For many young people, the transition to college is relatively smooth and they learn to handle their new lives well. But for some, however, the need to manage new schedules, new friendships, new responsibilities and intense study can be overwhelming. Adjustment with university life is considered one of the main indicators of success in university life as it is an indicator for the student’s ability to face the problems resulting from fulfilling his academic, social and emotional needs. Through achieving adjustment with university life the students will be able to form a kind of good relationships with others in the university leading him to enhance his academic achievement. Moreover, adjustment with university life can be a strong indicator of the academic level of the students from one hand and the level of social relations development and achieving personal goals from the other hand. We can note that many educational scholars studied this aspect in order to explore the status of the academic, social and psychological...
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...|There are many ways to get information. The most common research methods are: literature searches, talking with people, focus groups, personal interviews, | |telephone surveys, mail surveys, email surveys, and internet surveys. | |A literature search involves reviewing all readily available materials. These materials can include internal company information, relevant trade | |publications, newspapers, magazines, annual reports, company literature, on-line data bases, and any other published materials. It is a very inexpensive | |method of gathering information, although it often does not yield timely information. Literature searches over the web are the fastest, while library | |literature searches can take between one and eight weeks. | |Talking with people is a good way to get information during the initial stages of a research project. It can be used to gather information that is not | |publicly available, or that is too new to be found in the literature. Examples might include meetings with prospects, customers, suppliers, and other types | |of business conversations at trade shows, seminars, and association meetings. Although often valuable, the information has questionable validity because it | |is highly subjective and might not be representative of the...
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