...The state refers to a nation or territory that is considered as an organized political community under one government or sovereign. The social contract bounds this political community which consisted of its citizens to the state; if there is no government and there was no law to regulate them, every individual would do whatever they deem fit, this results in hardships and oppression on the sectors of the society. To resolve these issues, the individuals entered into two agreements which are “Pactum Unionis” and “Pactum Subjectionis” (Elahi, n.d.). “Pactum Unionis” refers to the undertaking to respect each other and live in peace and harmony and “Pactum Subjectionis” means that people pledged to surrendered the whole or part of their freedom and rights to an authority. The authority in turn provides protection of lives, property and to a certain extent liberty for everyone under the social contract, through the usage of common laws. In order for the state to remain in power to enforce the social contract, it has to always maintain its control. According to Rappa (2012), there...
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...Terrorism has no internationally agreed-upon definition, but essentially, terrorists are ideologically motivated and use violence against civilians to create panic and fear, in hopes of changing policies or laws. While there is no international definition of terror, there are many different types, and the following will demonstrate the dizzying array terrorist practices. Firstly there is civil disorder. It can range from protesting legally to illegally lambasting the government. Different countries allow for different levels of dissent, but in some peaceful assembly is considered terrorism. Truly destructive forms of terrorism are political, quasi political, and religious. Political terrorists attack in hopes of changing policies, usually in reference to color, creed, or profession. Quasi political terrorism is the use of terrorist tactics for personal gain. For instance, taking a hostage is terrorizing someone, but it is not an action designed to enact wide scale change. Lastly, religious terrorism focuses on proliferating ones belief at the cost of others. Overall, terrorism is unjust and cruel; we must take stand against it. Terrorism flies in the face of diplomatic process, purposefully disrupting peace and safety in order to achieve a goal. Many terrorists consider a mission successful if hundreds of helpless, innocent women and children lie bloody in the street. A popular terrorist attack is to set off a relatively small bomb, and kill say, 30 people, and detonate a far...
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...2011 Efficiency and Success of Government Regulations Introduction Over the years, the US has seen and recovered from major financial setbacks. With the uncovering of each new company scandal, legislation has been swift to put ordinances and laws into place to prevent the same mistake from happening twice. Although some of the events majorly affected every American, some were swiftly and quickly identified which helped offset some of the major repercussions that could have possible be occurred. Three such laws that were implemented due to financial catastrophe include the Securities Act of 1933 & 1034, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and the Sarbanes - Oxley Act. I. Securities Act of 1933 & 1934 A. Summary of Regulation * Securities Act of 1933 * First major federal legislation to regulate the offer and sale of securities * Created by Congress during the aftermath of the stock market crash of 1929 and during the ensuing Great Depression * Purpose is to make sure that buyers of securities receive complete and accurate information before investing (Graham, Hazarika, & Narasimhan, 2011) * Securities Act of 1934 * Created to provide governance of securities transactions on the secondary market (after issue) and regulate the exchanges and broker-dealers in order to protect public investors B. Analysis of Related Fraud/Scandal * Crash of 1929 * The most devastating...
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...A Writ of Habeas Corpus as outlined in our book is that of a legal act that calls for an individual under seizure to be brought in front of a court of law for an inquiry to essentially decide if they are guilty or not of the suspected crime (Levin-Waldman, 2012). The Writ of Habeas Corpus explicitly brings up the right to contest one's arrest and imprisonment. It is also a way for the government to force an individual to come before the courts. By permitting an independent judge to analysis the legitimacy of the individual’s confinement and instruct that the detainee be freed if the circumstances are unlawful, habeas corpus functions as a safeguard against unlawful seizure, arrest, and torture. While habeas corpus has been upheld as a fundamental right of the imprisoned, this safeguard has been obstructed throughout our history, making the habeas corpus right, at times, a subject of our desire for refuge during times of emergency. The beginnings of habeas corpus can be traced to the year 1215 in the 39th article of the Magna Carta signed by King John, which says that: "No man may be restrained or confined except by the lawful declaration of his peers or by the decree of the land" (Rohde, S 2010). At first, habeas corpus was a resource used to summons an individual before the courts. However, by the turn of the 14th Century, higher courts were using the Writ of Habeas Corpus as a way of examining the surroundings of an individual’s confinement by the lower courts (Farrell, B...
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...For exclusive use at HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, 2015 www.hbr.org BEST PRACTICE Everyone knows that being fair costs little and pays off handsomely. Then why do so few executives manage to behave fairly, even though most want to? Why It’s So Hard to Be Fair by Joel Brockner • Reprint R0603H This document is authorized for use only in Managerial Communication by Caroline Wang, HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH from August 2015 to January 2016. For exclusive use at HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, 2015 Everyone knows that being fair costs little and pays off handsomely. Then why do so few executives manage to behave fairly, even though most want to? BEST PRACTICE Why It’s So Hard to Be Fair by Joel Brockner COPYRIGHT © 2006 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. When Company A had to downsize, it spent considerable amounts of money providing a safety net for its laid-off workers. The severance package consisted of many weeks of pay, extensive outplacement counseling, and the continuation of health insurance for up to one year. But senior managers never explained to their staff why these layoffs were necessary or how they chose which jobs to eliminate. What’s more, the midlevel line managers who delivered the news to terminated employees did so awkwardly, mumbling a few perfunctory words about “not wanting to do this” and then handing them off to the human resources department. Even the people who kept their jobs were less...
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...ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE The Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law is a non-partisan public policy and law institute that focuses on fundamental issues of democracy and justice. Our work ranges from voting rights to redistricting reform, from access to the courts to presidential power in the fight against terrorism. A singular institution – part think tank, part public interest law firm, part advocacy group – the Brennan Center combines scholarship, legislative and legal advocacy, and communications to win meaningful, measurable change in the public sector. ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER’S LIBERTY AND NATIONAL SECURITY PROJECT The Brennan Center initiated its Liberty and National Security project two years ago to foster better public understanding of the importance of accountability, transparency, and checks-and-balances in the formulation and implementation of national security policy. We have since been at the forefront of advocating for sound, rights-respecting policy prescriptions based on broad public participation and informed discussion. Our staff engages in a spectrum of public education, legislative advocacy, litigation and scholarly activity. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jonathan Hafetz is Litigation Director of the Liberty and National Security Project at the Brennan Center. He is actively involved in post-9/11 litigation involving detainee rights and other national security issues, and is lead counsel in several leading detention...
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...AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks TERRORISME AÉRIEN Contrecarrer des attaques improbables à impacts élevés A Thesis Submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies of the Royal Military College of Canada by Jacques Duchesneau, C.M., C.Q., C.D. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 ©Jacques Duchesneau © This thesis may be used within the Department of National Defence but copyright for open publication remains the property of the author. ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA COLLÈGE MILITAIRE ROYAL DU CANADA DIVISION OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH DIVISION DES ÉTUDES SUPÉRIEURES ET DE LA RECHERCHE This is to certify that the thesis prepared by / Ceci certifie que la thèse rédigée par JACQUES DUCHESNEAU, C.M., C.Q., C.D. AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks complies with the Royal Military College of Canada regulations and that it meets the accepted standards of the Graduate School with respect to quality, and, in the case of a doctoral thesis, originality, / satisfait aux règlements du Collège militaire royal du Canada et qu'elle respecte les normes acceptées par la Faculté des études supérieures quant à la qualité et, dans le cas d'une thèse de doctorat, l'originalité, for the degree of / pour le diplôme de PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR IN WAR STUDIES Signed by the final examining committee: / Signé par les membres du comité examinateur...
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...conduct of its relations with other countries” The Foreign Service Institute of the Philippines has likewise quoted a dictum ascribed to President Ferdinand E. Marcos that: The foreign policy of a nation is the articulation of its fondest needs and aspiration, and in international affairs, it is its sole weapon for the promotion of national interest. Foreign Policy is a “part of the general program of government. It is furthermore an extension of its domestic policy”. The term “system” when used in the context of an organization, implies an entity composed of a set of parts and created to accomplish certain, objectives. The aim of the system is the coordination of human efforts and material resources to produce desired results in a dynamic organization. An organization, as social system, has certain inherent characteristics: 1) it has subsystem and, is part of a suprasystem in continual interaction with one another 2) It has define objectives to accomplish 3) There is an inflow-transformation-outflow cycle of Human and material resources 4) There are performance evaluation measures 5) Management is essential for its operation. FOREIGN POLICY SYSTEM In combining the elements of “Foreign Policy” and the “System Theory” the compound would be produce the concept of what may be termed as “Foreign Policy System” to...
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...Running head: GLOBAL BUSINESS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: JAPAN Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Albert G. Rodriguez Liberty University Abstract Japan is very similar and very unlike the US. It was amazing to research so many different aspects of one country. The major elements of this country are its culture and how these affect the country itself. How the people process these elements is very important and this is how the Japanese culture develops. From here we move on to see how this compares to US. We look to see how the US compares in their culture when brought next to Japan. Finally we will see how the US manager can be an international manager in Japan. This is mainly done through sensitivity to the other’s culture. This sometimes includes changing the way we act, and other times it is being sensitive to the other culture that is before us. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Japan is an island cluster off the coasts of Russia, South Korea, and China. It is specifically located to the east of the Sea of Japan. It is composed of four major islands and over six-thousand minor ones. The four major islands are: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. It has thousands of shrines, national parks and even imperial palaces. The country of Japan is often called the Land of the Rising Sun. It has one of the largest populations in the world by country despite being such a small country. It has the highest life expectancy in the world (83.10). The islands are also...
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...University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shirk, Susan L. China: fragile superpower / by Susan L. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-530609-5 1. Nationalism—China. 2. China—Politics and government—2002– I. Title. JC311.S525 2007 320.951—dc22 2006027998 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Sam, Lucy, and David Popkin This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Strong Abroad but Fragile at Home China’s Economic Miracle Domestic Threats 35 13 The Echo Chamber of Nationalism: Media and the Internet 79 The Responsible Power 105 Japan: “When the Chinese People Get Angry, the Result Is Always Big Trouble” 140 Taiwan: “A Question of Regime Survival” 181 The United States:...
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...Learning with Technology Evidence that technology can, and does, support learning. A white paper prepared for Cable in the Classroom James M. Marshall, Ph.D. San Diego State University May 2002 Executive Summary “We’ve wired the schools — now what?” This question resonates with educators, and troubles them at the same time. After countless local and national efforts have boosted the infrastructure of our schools, the significant issues now arise. Should we continue to pump money into educational technology for our schools? Do computers really help students learn? How can students and teachers best learn from the World Wide Web and its content? These questions are not new, nor unique to the dawn of Internet-connected schools. Earlier technologies, from textbook and illustration to film, television, and multimedia computer, have prompted similar ponderings. If technology is to have a significant role in schools, we need assurance that it works. More emphatically, we need confidence that use of educational technology results in learning. Research, both historical and contemporary, suggests that technology-based instruction can and does result in learning. Witness these examples of television, multimedia, and computer technologies delivering content to support learning: • Watching the television program Blue’s Clues has strong effects on developing preschool viewers’ flexible thinking, problem solving, and prosocial behaviors (Bryant, Mullikin, McCollum...
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...CHAPTER 3 CO M P U TE R A N D I NT E R N E T C R IME QUOTE In view of all the deadly computer viruses that have been spreading lately, Weekend Update would like to remind you: when you link up to another computer, you’re linking up to every computer that that computer has ever linked up to. —Dennis Miller, Saturday Night Live, U.S. television show VIGNETTE Treatment of Sasser Worm Author Sends Wrong Message Unleashed in April 2004, the Sasser worm hit IT systems around the world hard and fast. Unlike most computer viruses before it, the Sasser worm didn’t spread through e-mail, but moved undetected across the Internet from computer to computer. It exploited a weakness in Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000 operating systems. By the first weekend in May, American Express, the Associated Press, the British Coast Guard, universities, and hospitals reported that the Sasser worm had swamped their systems. Computer troubles led Delta Airlines to cancel 40 flights and delay many others. Microsoft quickly posted a $250,000 reward, and by mid-May, authorities apprehended Sven Jaschen, a German teenager. Jaschen confessed and was convicted after a three-day trial. Jaschen could have received up to five years in prison, but because he was tried as a minor, the court suspended his 21-month sentence, leaving him with only 30 hours of community service. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Course Technology. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by federal copyright...
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...This is a good article. Click here for more information. Page protected with pending changes level 1 Bahrain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page. Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Bahrain (disambiguation). Kingdom of Bahrain مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn Flag Coat of arms Anthem: نشيد البحرين الوطني Bahrainona Our Bahrain Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. Location of Bahrain (circled in red)in the Arabian Peninsula (light yellow) Location of Bahrain (circled in red) in the Arabian Peninsula (light yellow) Capital and largest city Manama 26°13′N 50°35′E Official languages Arabic Ethnic groups (2010[1]) 46% Bahraini 45.5% Asian 4.7% other Arabs 1.6% African 1% European 1.2% Other Religion Islam Demonym Bahraini Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy - King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa - Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa - Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Legislature National Assembly - Upper house Consultative Council - Lower house Council of Representatives Independence - Declared Independence [2] 14 August 1971 - from UK [3] 15 August 1971 Area - Total...
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...[pic] FIRST ARMY EQUAL OPPORTUNITY REPRESENTATIVE COURSE STUDENT GUIDE TO CULTURAL AWARENESS INDEX LESSON TITLE PAGE 1 Philosophical Aspects of Culture SG- 3 C1 Native American Experience SG- 4 C2 White American Experience SG- 23 C3 Arab American Experience SG- 43 C4 Hispanic American Experience SG- 53 C5 Black American Experience SG- 76 C6 Asian American Experience SG-109 C7 Jewish American Experience SG-126 C8 Women in the Military SG-150 C9 Extremist Organizations/Gangs SG-167 STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR BEING FAMILIARIZED WITH ALL CLASS MATERIAL PRIOR TO CLASS. INFORMATION PAPER ON THE PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE Developed by Edwin J. Nichols, Ph.D. |Ethnic Groups/ |Axiology |Epistemology |Logic |Process | |World Views | | | | | |European |Member-Object |Cognitive |Dichotomous |Technology | |Euro-American |The highest value lies in the object |One knows through counting |Either/Or...
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...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...
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