...What is a supernova? - A supernova is a giant star that has an extremely high pressure core that contains vast amounts of heat. This causes atomic nuclei to get squeezed together and fuse, creating progressively heavier elements. (Hydrogen => Helium => Carbon). - If the star has about 8x the suns mass, it can create temp in excess of 5x10^8°C causing carbon to fuse. - Carbon the fuses into Ne, Mg and Na. Once the core heats up to around 1x10^9°C, Ne will fuse creating more Mg and some O. These elements build up and when the core reaches about 1.5x10^9°C, Oxygen fuses, creating Si. The core heats to around 2-3x10^9°C and Si fuses. As well as some other elements, Si fusion creates Fe. - Because the star was born massive, it spent the time whilst...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...people say that women "don't have a broad enough view of science," but as Hoopes rebuted, "But that's because he didn't ask her". This essay will discuss the example of women in science and how they have been kept from their full scientific potential. To start, with much effort, including analyzing a three mile long paper, Bell Burnell discovered information about pulsars, remnants of supernovas. However, she was not included in the acknowledgment of the discoveries, her male supervisor was awarded instead. "The picture people had at the time of the way that science was done was that there was a senior man—and it was always a man—who had under him a...
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...BLACK HOLE A black hole is a theoretical region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, not even electromagnetic radiation (e.g. visible light), can escape its pull after having fallen past its event horizon. The term derives from the fact that the absorption of visible light renders the hole's interior invisible, and indistinguishable from the black space around it. . The idea of an object with gravity strong enough to prevent light from escaping was proposed in 1783 by John Michell, an amateur British astronomer. In 1795, Pierre-Simon Laplace, a French physicist independently came to the same conclusion. Black holes, as currently understood, are described by the general theory of relativity. This theory predicts that when a large enough amount of mass is present in a sufficiently small region of space, all paths through space are warped inwards towards the center of the volume, preventing all matter and radiation within it from escaping. While general relativity describes a black hole as a region of empty space with a point-like singularity at the center and an event horizon at the outer edge, the description changes when the effects of quantum mechanics are taken into account. [pic]Name The term black hole to describe this phenomenon dates from the mid-1960s, though its precise origins are unclear. According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, as mass is added to a degenerate star a sudden collapse will take place and the intense...
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...nine years old, following his visit to Pennsylvania and seeing the stars, saying "it looks like the Hayden Planetarium".[6] He obsessively studied astronomy in his teens, and eventually even gained some fame in the astronomy community by giving lectures on the subject at the age of fifteen.[7] Tyson recalls that "so strong was that imprint [of the night sky] that I'm certain that I had no choice in the matter, that in fact, the universe called me."[6] Astronomer Carl Sagan, who was a faculty member at Cornell University, tried to recruit Tyson to Cornell forundergraduate studies.[3] In an interview with writer Daniel Simone,[8] Tyson said: Interestingly, when I applied to Cornell, my application dripped of my passion for the study and research of the Universe. Somehow the admissions office brought my application to the attention of the late Dr. Sagan, and he actually took the initiative and care to contact me. He was very inspirational and a most powerful influence. Dr. Sagan was as great as the universe, an effective mentor. Tyson revisited this moment on his first episode of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey....
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...stars like the sun. They do have an advantage up their sleeve, however. They are able to keep the hydrogen energy stored inside their core, so red dwarfs are estimated to burn up in ten trillion years. The smallest red dwarf star ever recorded was 0.0075 times the mass of the sun. The largest was half the mass of the sun. If a star has 1.35 to 2.1 times the mass of our sun, it actually doesn’t transform into a red dwarf or a white dwarf star when it runs out of energy. A neutron star is a rare star type that is made up completely of neutrons. This occurs because of the protons and electrons in the star that are crushed together by the intense gravity. If a star is any bigger than a neutron star, they will become black holes after the supernova. Supergiant stars are the largest type of stars in the universe that humanity knows of. These stars are so massive, they can be up to dozens and dozens of times the size of the sun. The supergiant stars do not live long. They constantly consume the fuel and energy in their core until it is all gone. They only live for a few million years. That may seem like a long time, but compared to other stars, this is barely any time at all. When supergiant stars die, they explode as supernovae, which will completely destroy...
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...Final Learning Team Paper GLG/150 Final Learning Team Paper During the early days of mankind, humans were led to believe that he or she were the sole entity of the universe. The Earth was thought of as exact center of the solar system, and that other planets revolved around it. Through the efforts and determination of individuals who refused to believe unchecked facts or documents, Earth is not the center of the universe but is instead a small piece to a larger solar system. The discoveries made by earlier pioneers of science Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. Developed ideas that help individuals understand the concepts of motion, and the formation of celestial bodies in space. Theories of gravity and space dramatically changed the views in which Individuals determine the origins of our Moon and other planets within our Solar System. As science and technologies progress, ideas of formations and motions in space provides more educated theories of how our world, or universe has formed and will continue to function. The Earth was formed about five billion years ago and is the earliest material in the solar system, which a solar nebula that collapsed from the formation of the sun ("How Did the Earth Form", 2012). Dust and gas from the solar nebula took about millions of years to form into the earth starting with center of the Earth to cool down and form a crust that allowed water to...
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...Telescopes in Astronomy Jennifer Boyer SCI/151 June 12, 2015 Robert Austin Telescopes in Astronomy What people currently know about the universe, along with all of its contents, is due in large part to the invention of telescopes. This paper discusses the science of sunlight and stars by explaining how the telescope has changed people’s view of the universe, as well as their place in it. This essay also discusses the major designs of telescopes, provides a list of each design’s strengths and weaknesses, describes the best places to build ground-based telescopes and why astronomers choose those places, and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses between building telescopes on Earth, in orbit, or even on the moon. Additionally, this paper explains how different frequencies of light tell more about the birth, life, and death in the nature and properties of the Sun, stars, and the universe. Lastly, this essay explains how telescopes operate in wavelengths of light that range from radio waves to gamma rays. How Telescopes Changed People’s View The invention of the telescope significantly impacts the way people in the past and present view the Earth, other planets and solar systems, as well as the universe as a whole (Bennett, J., Donahue, M., & Schneider, N., & Voit, M., 2015). Until the invention of Galileo Galilei's (1564-1642) simple telescope, many people thought that the earth was the center of our solar system (Bennett, J., Donahue, M., & Schneider...
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...Evolution Through the Solar System Abstract Over the course the class has been about many different things through our solar system, land features, and more. This week we had to put together a paper describing how evolution has taken place through our solar system. The main objectives of the paper are to include the formation of the planets, the motion of the planets, the early revolution. Also, discussed is the scientists who discovered these properties of our solar system. For example Copernicus, Newton, Galileo, and Kepler. These scientists have all created or in some way helped to discover something new about our solar system. Evolution Through the Solar System Though scientists have been studying the solar systems for years. There are still discoveries made each year. Many of the discoveries have been interesting from the formation and motion of the planets, the early revolution of the planets, and the scientists who discovered what we know today. Formation Scientists have been studying the origin of our solar system for hundreds of years. Some findings are well supported while others are not as well received. The best news is we are not done concluding the formation of our solar system just yet. In 2006, the distant ice-covered body known as Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf and changed the model of our solar system from nine planets to eight. Today a planet is defined as, “A full-fledged planet is an object that orbits the sun and is large enough to have...
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...Astronomy 2B03: Lecture 2: What’s Out There? * Objects in the universe come in a hierarchy of scales and sizes: * Planets * Stars * Galaxies * The universe as a whole * These scales are so different from one step to the next that they are incredibly hard to comprehend all at once – no “everyday” experience to refer them to * If the Earth were a basketball how big would the moon be? Tennis ball * How many Earths would fit into the Sun? ~ 1 million * How many Jupiter’s would fit inside the Sun? 900 * How many Moons would fit inside the Earth? 50 * If we say the distance from here to Toronto (71 km) represents the distance between the Earth and the Sun, how far are we from Pluto? From Hamilton to Mexico, or from Hamilton to Calgary * If we say the distance from here to Toronto represents the distance between the Earth and the Sun, how far is the Earth from the Moon? From here to the edge of campus (Sterling and Forsyth) * If we say the distance from here to Toronto represents the distance between the Earth and the Sun, how big is the Earth? 3 meters * If we say the distance from here to Toronto represents the distance between the Earth and the Sun, how far is the Sun from the next nearest Star? 1/10th the distance from the Sun to Earth Lecture 3: The Earth: * Our starting point and only home * Both land and water * The only planet to have liquid water at its surface * Atmosphere: dense...
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...Approximately 14 billion years ago, the universe that stands today was born. There are various explanations for how it was created. Research shows that they are essential scientific questions and it stimulate scientists to debate their research. Many scientists from all over the world and different time periods work to find the reason behind its creation. The different theories on the origin of the universe have a great impact on the way humans view how the universe was created. The most known is the Big Bang theory and smaller theories include the String theory, the Incredible Bulk theory, the Times Arrow theory and the Steady State theory. (Tate) The universe is almost 14 billion years old. There are two common ways scientists use to calculate how old the universe is. The first method involves measuring the speeds and distances of the galaxies. Scientists interpret that the galaxies were closer together before in the past because all of them are slowly moving further from each other every second. Identifying the current speeds and distances of the galaxies, included with the rate at which the universe is accelerating, permits scientists to calculate how long it took...
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...“These eruptions occur when immense magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere lose their stability and can no longer be held down by the Sun’s huge gravitational pull. Just like a coiled spring suddenly being released, they erupt into space.” This means we have a very good chance of seeing major and prolonged effects, such as the northern lights at low latitudes.” The solar explosion that causes the tsunami has been observed by many satellites along with the Solar Dynamic Observatory, NASA. The blasts will reach to a maximum level in 2020 it is estimated. Along with this blast there was another blast of cold air circumference of the sun’s northern pole. A huge cloud has been thrown in to the space with these related developments. This paper focuses on the global changes caused by the future solar activity and also presented pre actions for safe guarding our lives. Key Words: Coronal mass Ejection, Solar storms, Magneto Hydro Dynamic Waves, Solar electric repulsion, Faraday Cage INTRODUCTION: The sun is hot, bright and enormous. Its surface is a veritable caldron of white-hot matter more turbulent than anything on this planet. The biggest volcano, the strongest earthquake, the tallest tsunami does not even come close to the power unleashed every day from the surface of the sun. Solar Tsunami,It is a towering wave of hot plasma racing...
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...great advantages in working in a university which has top students is that you can ask them questions you are not quite sure how to answer yourself! The best students gave clear examples of such a link and then got stuck in to the ‘should’ part of the question often noting the critical difference between competitive strategy and business strategy. Some even went further into corporate strategy, the resource based, and knowledge based view as well as ethics, culture and institutional setting. Surprisingly none of them questioned what was meant by a firm’s HR system. I will follow the same line of argument in this paper with thanks to the students, very few of whom have any intention of becoming HR professionals. We start with some of the classics in strategy and HRM, go on to look briefly at some major studies, or the ones that have influenced my thinking. Thereafter the paper notes the problems with the assumed link with competitive strategy as a dominant, or the dominant, force in determining an HR system. Once the focus is widened to cover business strategy two very interesting, and linked, phenomena can be observed. First, what we thought strategy was all about has changed hugely. Second, our definition of what constitutes HRM (or the management of employment relations) has broadened beyond recognition. This is where the definition of...
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...Free from Error Abstract The type of Moral Error theory I shall defend in the following essay is the kind proposed by J. L. Mackie and later by Richard Joyce. Mackie first advances “error theory” by stating that when most people speak of their moral judgements they are implicitly claiming “ to be pointing to something objectively prescriptive,” but “these claims are false” (1977, p.35). In the first section of this essay i shall introduce and clarify the constituent of error theory I aim to defend. In the next section I consider and rebut stephen finlays recent attack on moral error theory. Finlay takes aim at Mackies conceptual claim that many moral judgements entail categorical reasons, but I find his shots misguided. Consequently I shall consider finlays most powerful rejoinders with the view of again refuting them and arriving at the conclusion that Mackies conceptual and ontological claims hold and moral error theory stands. Mackie endorses a second order moral theory regarding the essence of moral valuing and the character of moral values. Mackie believes that many of the moral judgements we make contain a catergorical imperative element and his thesis that “ there are no objective values” (1977, pg 58) is an explicit rebuttal denying that “ any such categorically imperative element is objectively valid” (1977, pg 69).[1] The objective values that Mackie wishes to refute would be action-guiding unconditionally, not contingently upon any particular agents desired...
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...Research report on “COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NOKIA MARKETING” Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Award of the Degree Of BBA Of Punjab Technical University Under The Guidance Of MR. JAGJIT SINGH Submitted by Bhupinder Narang Roll no.104142461752 B.I.S GROUP OF COLLEGE GAGRA (MOGA) Certificate of supervision This is to certify that Mr. Bhupinder Narang S/o S. Ram Nath Narang Roll No 104142461752 has completed the research project “COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NOKIA MARKETING” under my supervision in partial fulllfilment of BBA degree approved by ACITE of PTU. Signature of supervision Place: SHRUTI BATRA Date: Seal of Dean Declaration I hereby declare that the research project “COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NOKIA MARKETING” titled is my own original work and this report has not been submitted to any university and institute for award of any professional degree/diploma. Date : Place: Signature of candidate Bhupinder Narang Roll No: 104142461752 Table of Contents 1. | Declaration | | 2. | Preface | | 3. | Acknowledgement | | 4. | Introduction to the Organization A brief history of Nokia | Nokia Introduction | SCOPE | PAKISTAN DRIVEN STRATEGY | S.W.O.T | Accessories and Features | | | 5. | Maketing Objectives | | 6. | Organization’s Network: | | 7. | List Of Nokia Products | | 8. | | | 9. | Consumer Buying Behaviour | | ...
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