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中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Stream Mapping Purpose
• Provide optimum value to the customer through a complete value creation process with minimum waste in:
– Design (concept to customer) – Build (order to delivery) – Sustain (in-use through life cycle to service)

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Why ?
• Many organizations pursuing “lean” conversions have realized that improvement events alone are not enough • Improvement events create localized improvements, value stream mapping & analysis strengthens the gains by providing vision and plans that connect all improvement activities • Value stream mapping & analysis is a tool that allows you to see waste, and plan to eliminate it
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What Is Value?
A capability provided to a customer, Q of the highest quality, Q at the right time, Q at an appropriate price, as defined by the customer.
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What Is Value?
• "Value" is what the customer is buying
• Always think first about the endcustomer
– Who is the customer? – What are they buying?

• Describe value using the customers' words
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VSM Basics

• Current State • Ideal State • Future State

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What Is Value Stream Analysis?
Planning tool to optimize results of eliminating waste current state VSM future state VSM

+
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+

Lean Basics

=

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Value Steam Mapping Steps
Next Future State

Future State

Current State

Original State

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Value Stream Scope
Extended Value Stream
Concept Order In-use Launch Delivery Recycle

Multi-plant/Multi-company Plant
Action Action Action

Action

Action

Action

Action

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Apply Five Simple Principles:
Ø Specify value from the standpoint of end customer Ø Identify the value stream for each product family VALUE Ø Make the product flow Ø So the customer can pull Ø As you manage toward perfection
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Perfection

VALUE STREAM

PULL

FLOW

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What is the Value that Flows?
Specify value from the standpoint of the end customer Ask how your current products and processes disappoint your customer’s value expectation:
Ø price? Ø quality? Ø reliable delivery? Ø rapid response to changing needs?
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What Flows?
"ITEMS" flow through a value stream
– In manufacturing, materials are the items – In design & development, designs are the items – In service, external customer needs are the items – In admin., Internal customer needs are the items Analysis begins with part of a total value stream, That part of the value stream has customers too
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7 Forms of Waste
PEOPLE
Motion Processing Fixing Defects TYPES OF WASTE Waiting

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QU AL ITY

Inventory

Moving Making Too Things Much

Q

TITY UAN
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Material Flow Icons
ASSEMBLY XYZ Corporation

Manufacturing Process
Mon. + Wed.

Outside Sources

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts 2% Scrap

Data Box

Truck Shipment

Supermarket

Buffer or Safety Stock

300 pieces 1 Day

Inventory

max. 20 pieces

Finished Goods to Customer

FIFO
First-In-First-Out Sequence Flow

Physical Pull/Withdrawal

PUSH Arrow

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Information Flow Icons
Manual Information Flow Electronic Information Flow Signal Kanban Load Leveling Box SequencedPull Ball

Weekly Schedule

Withdrawal Kanban

Production Kanban

Kanban Post

Schedule

See” Production Scheduling

“Go

General Icons
UPTIM E
CH ANG EOVER

Kaizen Lightening Burst

Operator

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TAKT TIME

Effective Working Time per Shift

Takt Time =
Customer Requirement per Shift

Synchronizes pace, evenly applying customer demand across the work day.
Takt Time is "Beat Time"? "Rate Time" or “Heart Beat" Lean Production uses Takt Time as the rate or time that a completed product is finished. If you have a Takt Time of two minutes that means every two minutes a complete product, assembly or machine is produced off the line

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Current State- (Manufacturing)

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Ideal State- (Manufacturing)
MACHINE COMPANY SUPPLIER Production Control ASSEMBLY COMPANY Production Control

Stock

MFG

Ship

CUSTOMER

Same Site

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Future State - (Manufacturing)

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Current State (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer
Production Control

Customer

Eng

Software Control Library
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Config Mgt
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

SCL
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Tech Pubs
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Eng

Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

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Ideal State- (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer Common Format

Eng/SCL/Tech

Software Specific Cell

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Future State- (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer Common Format Customer

Engineering

CFG MGT/SCL Cell

Tech Pubs

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

2% Scrap

2% Scrap

2% Scrap

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Quoting example Introduction

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Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet CASE FOR CHANGE:
•Only 10 % of quotes are “won” •Many quotes not considered due to long response time •Quotes inaccurate

ITEM(S):

Customer requested quote

DEMAND:
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2 per week

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Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet SCOPE:
Supplier: Sales Force Inputs: Request for quote from customer

Outputs: Quote
(including price delivery, and service necessary to meet customers need)

Customer:

Sales representative

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Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet VALUE STATEMENT:
End customer: Intermediate customer:
An accurate statement requirements necessary to meet customer needs, including price and delivery. Available when needed (within 1 week)

Depends on functionality of item being quoted.

KEY REQUIREMENTS:
Must meet customer specifications.
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Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet MEASUREMENTS:
Current: % of quotes won actual $ vs. bid $ Planned: response time (cycle time)

IDEAL STATE:
ON DEMAND
Quotes are generated immediately at the customers location

DEFECT FREE
Quote always meets the customers needs

ONE BY ONE
Quotes are processed immediately (I.e. sales force does not wait until Friday to send all from week)

LOWEST COST
All duplication and other waste is eliminated from the process

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GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

1. Observe and gather data
• Walk the value stream - see the actual work place • Follow and make notes about “item” and information flow • Gather data for each step in the flow
– – – – Trigger/done actual lead time output Actual cycle time on time delivery staffing Defect rate batch sizes overtime Quality variations work in process

• 2. Map the flow of items
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Example 1: Current State Value Stream Map

Engineering
•Stmt of Work •Hours estimates •Parts list •Power & weight

Manuals
•Review list •run model •Mgmt review

Quoting
Fill out RFQ form

Administration
•Schedule •Log •Copy •Distribute

Installation
•Check RFQ •Decide path •Generate spreadsheet

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GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

3. Map the flow of information

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GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

4. Add Data and Highlights

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Manuals Engineering 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构
Example 1: Current State Value Stream Map
•Stmt of Work •Hours estimates •Parts list •Power & weight Trigger: receive RFQ Done:sent to manuals Flow Time: 15 days MCT: 40 hours People: 20 (.20) •Review list •run model •Mgmt review Trigger: receive RFQ Done: sent to price Flow Time: 0.5 days MCT: 1.4 hours People: 4 WIP: 6 % yield: 100 % demand: 2/week

Quoting
Fill out RFQ form

Administration
•Schedule •Log •Copy •Distribute

WIP: 6 % yield: 70% demand: 2/week

Installation
Trigger: cust. request Done: RFQ form sent Flow Time: 1.5 days MCT: 0.17 hours People: 20 (.15) WIP: 1 % yield: 60% demand: 2/week Trigger: receive RFQ Done: distribute Flow Time: 2 days MCT: 2 hours People: 1 WIP: 2 % yield: 100% demand: 2/week Trigger: receive RFQ Done: sent to price Flow Time: 0.6 day MCT: 2 hours People: 1 WIP: 3 •Check RFQ •Decide path •Generate spreadsheet

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demand: 2/week

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CREATE VISION & PLANS 1: Go Back to the Garage
• Pick a few items that flow through the value stream • Pretend you are your smallest competitor
– You’re in a garage with almost no money

• Develop the smallest, lowest capital value stream
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CREATE VISION & PLANS 2: Choose Natural Groups
• Review the items that flow through the value stream
– What factors make items similar or different – Group similar items together – Set aside items that complicate the groups

• Choose a target takt time for the whole value stream
– What factors drive the process cycle times – How many parallel flow paths do you want

• Choose natural groups of items (add "miscellaneous")
– Examples (like processing steps, like customers, like functionality)

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CREATE VISION & PLANS
• • • • Assume that anything is possible Avoid shared resources Create an ideal state value stream map Add obstacle removal to strategic plans
– Start key R&D projects – Start "right-sized equipment" projects

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CREATE VISION & PLANS 4: Develop Future State Map
• Identify the first "complete" flow path you will create
– What waste have you eliminated?

• Draw future state map of what will be achieved in the next 12 months • What will the metrics look like?
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Example 1: FS VSM

CUSTOMER

Quoting
Complete RFQ
•review •set up model •spreadsheet •presentation Trigger: customer request Done: email RFQ Flow Time: 1 days MCT: 1 hour People: 10 WIP:1 % yield: 95% demand: 2/ week Trigger: RFQ pkg. received Done: sent to prep. Flow Time: 5 days MCT: 150 hours People: 9 WIP:3 % yield: 90% demand: 2/ week

Bid Cell
•Engineering •Installation •Prgm. Mgmt. •Training •Manuals •CAS

Proposal Prep
•Price •Write •Approve Trigger: RFQ pkg. received Done: sent to cust. Flow Time: 5 days MCT: 70 hours People: 4 WIP:3 % yield: 90% demand: 2/ week

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CREATE VISION & PLANS
5: Develop Action Plans and Tracking • Review the future state map you just created, brainstorm possible action items • Focus an action plan (month by month) • Establish tracking
– For measurements vs. targets – For action plans

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Example Quoting Value Stream Action Plan
Imp events Projects Do Its What Define basic measurements for the business unit and value stream (measure & track) Communicate “Lean” initiative, why & how to all employees in impacted value stream Quality – write standard work for RFQ’s, increase accuracy/completeness to 95% Engineering – reduce cycle time by 50%, Increase first time yield to 90%, write std. Work. CAS – reduce cycle time by 50%, write std. Work.
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X X X X X

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EXECUTE
• Communicate
– Current & future VSMs – Action plan – Measurements vs. Targets

• Execute your action plan • Be involved
– A successful lean conversion depends upon the active involvement of all members at all levels. This is critical to creating a culture that becomes a competitive advantage.
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ALIGN
• Conduct alignment reviews quarterly
– Evaluate progress against targets – Implement corrective action if improvements not sustained – Re-evaluate “future state” value stream map (is it still valid?)
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