...Running Head: Midterm Essay 1 Midterm Essay Armando 1 Running Head: Midterm Essay 2 Briefly identify and explain the key differences and similarities regarding the UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS programs. The Uniformed Crime Reporting (UCR) Program displays crime data for the United States, as well as for states, cities, counties and colleges. This allows for a comparison among neighboring jurisdictions and among those with similar populations and other common characteristics. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects information on the frequency and of crimes such as rape, sexual assault, aggravated and simple assault, household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Both systems report different types of information and different details. The UCR program displays statistics for law enforcement administration, operation, and management. The UCR program utilizes what is called the hierarchy rule. If more than one crime was committed by the same person and the time separating the crimes was minor, then the crime highest in the hierarchy is the only crime reported. This seems like a very inaccurate method of recording data, one would assume that all records of offenses were taken into consideration for reporting purposes. The NCVS program collects information on crimes by individuals and households while also providing information on victims such as age, sex, race, marital status. The difference in the two programs is that each serves a...
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...Exam 4 – Essay #1 The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature that was created with the Connecticut Compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There are two chambers, the House and the Senate, that are directly elected by the people. The role of Congress is to make law. The House creates tax bills and votes to impeach, while the Senate approves treaties, appointments, and votes to convict the impeached. The Senate is considered the “upper house” because it is more exclusive as there are only 100 members as compared to 435 members of the House. To be a Senator, one must be thirty years of age and a U.S. citizen for at least nine years. House members must be twenty-five years of age and a citizen for only seven years. Another reason the Senate more exclusive is that their term is six years long, but members of the House are up for re-election every two years. Although the Congress is comprised mostly of white males, the number of women, African Americans, and Latinos has increased dramatically since 1991. Each chamber in Congress greatly differs in the people they represent. Members of the House are elected from districts that are apportioned according to how many people live in the area, while there are two Senators from each state regardless of the population of that state. Members of the House usually deal more with local issues, because their constituents are from a specific area, usually relatively small compared to the size of the state. Senators...
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...To what extent was the early civil rights movement successful in bringing about social and political change for Black Americans between 1880 and 1945? Although the 13 amendment legally abolished slavery and was seen as a hope for a greater future for black people, the loopholes and racist attitudes shared by most whites in America meant a constraint on black civil rights. This essay will focus on the key factors which helped the civil rights and also factors which downgraded it such as the Supreme Court and a racist congress. The supreme court was a major limitation to the black civil rights movement, they were not very lawful and they did not grant justice to the blacks but were unfair and biased and also supported white supremacy, this could be made evident seeing that no rules were implemented on lynching, the court had been very unconstitutional by doing this. In Plessey v Ferguson (1896) the biased injustices against the black race could be seen which enhanced a gateway for white supremacy. The Supreme Court did show its injustices from the beginning, starting with legitimizing the Jim Crow Laws . Anti-civil rights movements were also beginning to take place, creating a massive opposition to the black civil rights movement, limiting if not destroying its ability to bring about social and political change. The most powerful at the time was the infamous KKK the aims of this group was to supress the wanting of black rights through terror and violence; they called it a “resistance...
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...The issue of U.S. justices serving in the Supreme Court for life has been debated for years. While our forefathers who crafted the constitution had reasons for the lifetime service, Americans have had varying positions regarding the issue. This essay discusses the two sides of the lifetime tenure of American justices serving in the Supreme Court, seeking to gain ground on whether the term should be retained or amended. The U.S. President is constitutionally allowed to appoint justices to serve in the country’s Supreme Court. However, he or she does not do this independently, but seeks the assent and counsel of the Senate before the justices are appointed. From history, most presidents give preference to judges who appear to rhyme with them in terms of ideological views. However, this does not rule out the fact that serving justices may have opposing opinions to those shared by the president. Importantly, there are no qualifications for justices defined by the constitution, leaving room for the president to make his appointments, which are confirmed by the Senate (Patterson, 2010). Nevertheless, the confirmation process has always drawn significant attention, with lobby groups pushing for the rejection of some candidates with questionable track records. In rare cases, the president is allowed to withdraw the names of some candidates, especially when he is convinced beyond reasonable doubt that the names are likely to be rejected by the Senate. In recent years, the approval...
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...Week 1 Essay/Affirmative Action Marketa Hines Herzing University Critical thinking is an essential part of everyday life; it is vital to our intellectual and (Boss, 2014) personal development. We use it “to be able to judge, make sound decisions, and helps us to think rather than what to think” (Boss, 2014 p.6). In the article before and after the Supreme Court rulings, written by Nancy Cantor, I concluded that she demonstrated several critical thinking skills. Through the use of analytical skills, she provided “logical support for her beliefs rather than simply rely on your opinions” (Boss, 2014 p. 6) to support her view of affirmative action. The article begins with Nancy Cantor stating her argument as to why colleges should consider race when admitting students. Her opinions” belief based solely on personal feelings rather than reason or fact” (Boss, 2014, p. 6), is that affirmative action is necessary because it benefits all students. She also believes that “Race is a fundamental feature of life in America, and it has an enormous impact on what a person has to contribute on campus” (Nancy Cantor, p.33), Although these are opinions they are reasonable because having different ethnic backgrounds on campus pre-exposes students to different cultures. In reality, America is diverse, and the workplace will be diverse, therefore, having...
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...During this essay I will be explaining and discussing the short and long term significance of all the events take took place between 1957-1959. In the America at this time it was very hard being coloured as you was treated different from the white people. The National Association for the advancement of coloured people (NAACP). They were a black group that demanded civil rights for black people. Its mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination; To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of coloured citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law. Racial segregation is separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, and going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. The black American people was segregated and this was mostly because they felt that black people was more inferior to the white people. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was a racist anti-Semitic movement; at first the Ku Klux Klan focused its anger and violence on African-Americans, on white Americans...
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...How far had civil rights movements made progress between 1945-1950? The period between 1945 and 1955 was regarded as the start of civil rights movements. It has been argued that during this period, civil rights movements had made progress, having an enormous impact, bringing tangible changes to the African-American community. To assess how far the progress had been made, it is important to take into consideration how it affected the Black community in America between 1945-1955. First of all, it is undeniable that during the 1945-155 period, there was a degree of support from the Federal Government. One of the most significant government supports was from Predisent Truman, who made several attempts to call for changes and racial equality to African-American community since he was horrified by attacks on black servicemen from Second World War. In September 1946, he created a civil rights committee with liberal members, whose reports would draw attention to unacceptable situations, to investigate on the racial problems. In October 1947, the committee gave Truman their report, which was entitled as “To Secure These Rights”, saying that the USA could not claim to lead the free world while black were not equal. It advocated eliminating segregation from US life by using federal power, recommending immediate action to remedy existing racial matters. The report was revolutionary in a country where relationship between Whites and Blacks was still tense. To make these recommendations...
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...make a change so they implemented the Equal Protection Clause. Throughout this essay, I will explain the Equal Protection Clause, where the clause originated from, give example of the clause being applied to cases, and show how the clause is enforced today. The Equal Protection Clause is part of the United States Constitutions 14th amendment. In the Constitution, it states “nor shall any State…deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” (Epstein and Walker). Meaning that the State must apply equal application of the law to...
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...FEDERALISM | | Introduction Federalism has consistently revolved since 1789. The national and state government has shared different points of disagreement. The evolution of federalism is divided into the categories of dual, civil war, industrialization, cooperative and the current federalism. The essay will further cover the factors led to evolution and discuss how states and U.S federal government influenced the American politics. Furthermore, federalism is deemed as the power concentration on several individual states. Most of the clauses of federal government of U.S have been laid down in Tenth Amendment of 1791. Evolution and Factors involved in Federalism Federalism has consistently debated throughout the period starting from1789. The national and state government has shared different points of disagreement, but time empowered national government. Dual Federalism (1789-1946) occurred during the World War II. This era marked with two separate rules of state and the national government. The national government stressed on the defense dynamics of the politics where as states dealt with economic growth. Hence, national and state dealt matters distinctively (Romano, 2010). The Civil War (1862-1868) occurred, where by many felt that state should anticipate to dissolve the disputes. The other decisions include the issue of slavery; whether is legal or not. The states felt that the separate state government had the authority over federal government...
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...Midterm Essay on Jim Crow Laws Brittney Accardo History 12 May 8th, 2015 The year 1896 was the time that the Untied States of America came down as a whole. Many people were hurt and confused by the Jim Crow laws. These laws were established in order or keep the blacks and whites separated in public places. Jim Crow laws made a huge impact on society in the 1930’s. On May 18, 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court considered the idea of “separate but equal,” which was the base of the Jim Crow laws. This was the case of the Plessy versus Ferguson. The United States Constitution did not allow many types of discrimination such as black people being mistreated. Therefore, the states worked around the rules to include Jim Crow laws without disobeying the United States Constitution. This made African Americans considered as the “lower class” citizens. Many people were judging the blacks because of their skin; they were not respected as human beings. Some of the Jim Crow Laws (Black Code) were very extreme; the laws were so strict it was almost like the African American people were still in slavery. However, some would...
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...How far do you agree that the impact of the Second World War was the main reason why the position of African Americans improved in the years 194555? Before WW2, it could be considered that AfroAmericans had no position in society. This was evident especially in the Southern States where white supremacy emerged amongst the dominant white class. Many Southern Politicians were members of the Klu Klux Klan and so they often tried to disregard any Supreme Court Rulings that were created. In this essay it will be argued that it was the Second World War which was the main reason why the Position of African Americans improved in the years 19451955. However, there are other factors that have to be taken into consideration such as the Presidential Influence and the Supreme Court Rulings. The impact of WW2 was important in securing better position for AfroAmericans as more people realised their significance of their work in the army. As a result it became apparent of the reforms that were required. President Truman took over from President Roosevelt. He was significant even though he was a racist at a young age and supported white supremacy. When he took over as President he felt he had a moral obligation to fight segregation. He established the President’s Committee on Civil Rights in 1947 and commissioned them to make a report examining the experiences of ethnic minorities It highlighted the problems facing African Americans and how to make America a more just society...
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...Is the American Government the Best in the World? Taurean Gardner POL201: American National Government Instructor: Shawon Jackson-Ybarra 19 September 2015 I. The Constitution The American constitution has many strengths and weakness that make our political system best in the world. One major strength of the constitution is the believe that all men are created equal. One unique major weakness it can be extremely vague and it is a 100 years out of date. A way to enhance the strength and correct the weakness of the American constitution is to further push the believe, that all men are created equally, especially in the light of everything going on in today’s society. One way to fix the weakness is the update the constitution to modern language and make it easier to understand. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments...
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...rights to the people by limiting the government’s own reach. We will be comparing and contrasting the American constitution against the Iraqi constitution. Both constitutions are codified. Under the patronage of a British military occupation in 1925, Iraqis first constitution entered into force which then formed a monarchy which remained in effect until in 1958, the revolution established a republic. Interim constitutions have been adopted over the years but a referendum that took place in 2005 approved the constitution currently being used by Iraqis. On the other hand the American constitution is considered foundation and basis of the legal right to exercise power over another (authority) essential to the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It grants the framework for the institute of the United States government and for the rapport of the federal government to the states, to citizens, and to all people within the United States. Both constitutions empathize on democracy. The constitutions seek to protect the dignity and liberty of man. The constitutions forbid any kind of emotional, psychological, or physical torture. Both constitutions are mindful of the welfare and security of its people despite the freedom of communication the constitutions provide that the freedom can be breached by a judicial decision whenever...
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...How far were the actions of the African Americans the main reason for the advancement of the Civil Rights in the period 1865-1980? “Power concedes nothing without demand, it never has and it never will”[1]. Said by Fredrick Douglass in 1857, an escaped slave who had bearded the brunt of the slave years. He had come to the realisation that African Americans had a fountain of “power”; however that power that they possessed would never establish anything without a “demand”. Fredrick Douglass awoke the conscious of African Americans to make them realise that wanting to be free and wanting to achieve full civil rights was not enough, neither was enduring a life under white supremacy waiting for life after death to see a new dawn .Believing and hoping was not enough. “Power concedes nothing without demand” the solution is to be willing to work hard to establish it yourself by demanding what belongs to them. However using power in order to concede civil rights was a struggle which was acknowledged by Fredrick Douglass “Without struggle there is no success”. To achieve advancement in African American Civil Rights, African Americans had to undergo a process of struggle. A rainbow is not made without rain; you can not want rain without thunder and lightening being accompanied by it. To achieve full civil rights African Americans had to pay the price along the way which was persecution, de-humanisation and scrutiny. Martin Luther King being inspired by Fredrick Douglass said “Freedom...
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...HIUS 221 Exam 3 Review Sheet: This exam will be a combination of multiple choice, true or false, and matching questions. There will also be a couple of essay questions. For best results in preparing for the upcoming exam, focus your studies on the following historical items, events and individuals. Your textbook may help with some of the things listed, but this exam is more so drawn from class lectures and power point presentations. Embargo of 1807-Britian and France imposed trade restriction in order to weaken each other’s economies. Resulting in testing the Americas Neutrality and hurting their trading. Jefferson passed this document restricting neutral trade to the U.S. docs Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists (1780). Stronger central government, state representation from states each 2 representatives, no Bill of Rights, Articles of Confederation useless, because states had more power, wanted larger public, and they believed in large farming and industrialization,.. antif federalist, wanted state rights, wanted add the House of Represeantives, Bill of Rights, they thought the aritcles needed to be ratified not taken away completely, smaller public, believed Americas future is small farming Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans (1790s) – Hamiltonians (known as federalist party) vs. the Jeffersonians (Democratic Party) Differences between Federalist stances (1780s) vs. Federalist Party stances (1790s)- Federalist of 1780-Stronger central government, state representation...
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