...GS1140 Problem Solving Theory Unit 1 Research Paper 1: Paradigm Shift Daniel Yerger Page 1 Robotics Technology The idea of robots came about in 1495 by Leonardo Di Vinci who designed the first humanoid robot. The first computer-controlled robotic arm was designed by George Devol and Joe Engleberger in 1954 this led to the development of the first industrial robot in 1961. In 1977 Star Wars the movie creates the strongest image for the human future with robots like R2D2 and C3PO in the 1960s it inspired a generation of researchers in the robotic technology field. In 1989 a walking robot name Genghis was developed by the mobile robots group at MIT and was known for the way it walks called the Genghis gait. It is predicted by the Japanese Mitsubishi research Institute that each household would on a robot by 2020. Robots are mechanical devices that does some type of work or has a purpose that people would normally do, some robots are totally controlled by an onboard computer system and sensors, and some robots are controlled by people. Cybernetics is also a type of robotic technology device that can replace limbs, some of these devices are controlled by the nerves of the limb that was severed in some way. In 20 years we should be able to replace limbs that will look part of the body and be controlled as if it was the original. Industrial robots are used in it in a vast number of factories the well-known ones are in the auto manufacturing industry. A lot of the products...
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...significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential but it is also accompanied by same ethical dilemmas that ancient surgeons were faced with. ------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery: The Evolution...
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... quality improvement initiatives, health informatics, and health care technology. Group Practice Creation Impacts Mayo Clinic's Growth Dr. William J. Mayo justified the concept of a group practice in a speech he delivered in 1910. He took the view that it would be foolish for a single practitioner to assume he or she had sufficient knowledge of medicine. He maintained that it is in the best interest of the patient to have practitioners join forces and coordinate care (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], n.d.-a.) Patients realized the benefits of a team of medical experts, so patients travelled long distances for diagnosis and treatment. The Mayo Clinic website states that the "group practice concept that the Mayo family originated has influenced the structure and function of medical practice throughout the world" (MFMER, n.d.-b). According to the website, the Mayo Clinic has grown from three physicians (father and two sons) to over 55,000 staff at locations in the Midwest, Arizona, and Florida. The Mayo Clinic is most famous for its implementation of an "integrated, multi-specialty, group practice" (MFMER, n.d.-c). Mayo Clinic Community Service Reflects Mission and Values According to the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (n.d.), Mayo Clinic's mission is to "provide the best care to every patient through integrated clinical practice, education and research." The Mayo Clinic's values involve positive and forward looking statements...
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...Intuitive Surgical, Inc Abstract / Executive Summary Intuitive Surgical continues to lead the surgical robotic market in both market penetration and revenue stream. This company continues its reach to surgeons and patients globally through its opportunity to offer minimally invasive solutions with latest technology. Faced with environmental changes and new competition on the horizon, Intuitive Surgical has some challenges to face while maintaining positive results for investors. Overview This paper is based on research performed on Intuitive Surgical Inc, (NASDAQ: ISRG) and includes details about company’s line of business, place within its industry, and overall business situation as it is perceived by its customer based. Certain company financials will be introduced, analyzed, and discussed throughout the paper to help describe the perspective of value that this company has to investors and consumers alike. An industry analysis will help explain the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges this company faces amidst policy changes and increasing competition. Line of Business and Overall Business Situation Intuitive Surgical, Inc. is a leader in minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery and competes in the global market. This company has capitalized on the growing demand from surgeons and patients desiring minimally invasive procedures across many surgical disciplines. In January of 1999, the da Vinci System was launched and was the first robotic surgical system...
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...Evidence & Expert Interview Paper Kimberly Russell Chamberlain School of Nursing Instructor Sniffen NR 447 Collaborative Health Care Evidence & Expert Interview Paper Introduction I have chosen two SMART goals to research and put into action by the end of week six of class. SMART Goal 1 is the leadership development goal and will standardize the surgical time-out procedure to include all required elements as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and meet the requirements of the Joint Commission Universal Protocol. I chose this goal for myself to ensure that all nurses are consistently including all required information each and every time in the surgical time-out procedure and as a result will increase patient safety regarding wrong site surgery. SMART Goal 2 is the organizational planning goal which is to educate all staff on the required dry time for surgical skin prep liquids used in the operating room. I chose this goal after the sales representatives from Duraprep and Chloraprep gave an in-service and I realized that we were not allowing appropriate surgical skin prep dry time which puts our patients in danger for a surgical fire and increases the chance of post-op wound infection. Goal 1: Leadership Development Through my leadership development goal I will standardize the time-out procedure to include all the required elements as recommended by WHO. I will accomplish this by creating an “All Stop” for time-out...
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...Medical Technology and U.S. Health Care Medical Technology and U.S. Health Care Over the course of history, medical technology has continued to evolve in more ways than one. The advancements in surgical procedures, imaging techniques and the use of computer technology has allowed for patients to receive health care in a more convenient and efficient way, but with this convenience and the ever evolving technology comes the burden of cost on the U.S. economy. This paper will review how early medicinal practices have evolved into the technologically advanced world of medicine we live in today, as well as discuss how these advancements play a role in the accessibility, affordability and quality of life and care the patients of the United States receive today. In the early 1800’s, medicinal practice in the U.S. was considered to be very primitive. Unlike the European countries of Britain, France and Germany, “American medicine lagged behind in the advances of medical science, experimental research and medical science education” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p. 85). Instead, America focused more on applied science rather than the research of basic sciences. In return, the United States’ “early practices of medicine were regarded more as a trade than a profession. It did not require the rigorous course of study, clinical practice, residency training, board exams and licensing, without which it is impossible to practice today” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p.85). This meant that pretty much...
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...By the 1970s, the thought process behind ACL reconstruction took a more mechanical based approach. Doctors began to conduct strength testing on the various ligaments comprising the knee joint in order to better understand the respective roles of the ligaments involved (6), (7). Through the research published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery by John Kennedy and Peter Flower, it was learned that the medial capsular ligament and tibial collateral ligament failed under rotational loading prior to failure of the ACL (7). Even though the results definitively suggested that ACL failure was induced by isolated trauma, the surgical advancements developed in the era were predicated around resolving the rotational instability of the...
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...Deborah Martin, ROBOTIC SURGERY ༉ Introduction ༉ Advantages & Disadvantages ༉ How Robotic Surgery Works ༉ Conclusion Robotic Surgery Mostly paying consideration on reducing the invasiveness of the surgical procedure Robotic Surgery • Computer supported surgery • Surgeon operates the machine to do the operation • Surgeon uses one or more technique to control the instrument • While operate the operation the Surgeon uses remote or directly the computer to manage those instrument AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system ༉ Computer Motion, Inc developed the AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system and in 1993 this became the first robot approved by the FDA for surgery. ༉ AESOP Endoscope Positioner is a voiceactivated robotic system for endoscopic surgery. ZEUS® Surgical System ༉ Computer Motion, Inc introduced the ZEUS® Surgical System in 1998. ༉ ZEUS® Surgical System consists of : ༉ Surgeon control console ༉ Three table mounted robotic arms Da Vinci Surgical system ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ Intuitive Surgery, Inc. created the da Vinci Surgical system and approved in 1997 by FDA. July 2000 it become the first laparoscopic surgical robotic. The da Vinci system consists of: A Surgeon console A patient side cart Four robotic arms (the three arms of the da Vinci system holds the operation instruments and the fourth arm has a camera with two lenses which gives the ...
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...Development of Robotics 4 Political and Legal Influences 6 Economic Considerations 8 Technology in Today’s Culture 10 Environmental Concerns 12 Moral and Ethical Implications 13 Psychological and Sociological Effects 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Introduction Robotic surgery, or computer-assisted surgery, is the term used to describe the technology of using robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. It was developed to help surgeons and medical health professionals overcome the human limitations of minimally-invasive surgery and enhance the abilities of the surgeons performing these procedures. It has many benefits to not only surgeons and medical facilities but for the patients as well. After years of development, training, and global awareness of the technology, medical manufacturers of the robots, surgeons, and medical professionals hope the technologies benefits will outweigh and overcome the environmental, financial, legal and ethical controversies. Dr. James McEwen, Dr. Brian Day and a team of engineering students, developed the very first surgical robot in 1983. It was used on March 12, 1984 for an orthopedic surgical procedure in Vancouver, Canada. Over sixty minimally invasive joint surgeries were performed in the first 12 months after the first successful surgery. After this, several other robotic devices were developed. A surgical scrub nurse was created to hand surgeons needed tools and instruments upon voice command. ...
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...Abstract of Paper………………………………………………………...............3 4. Introduction……………………………………………………………………...4 5. Historical Development and Context by Rachel Ocampo………………………4 6. Political & Legal Influences by Crystal Osborne………………………………12 7. Economic Questions & Considerations by Kim Payne………………………...18 8. Psychological Considerations & Sociological Effects by Rebecca Pistillo…….26 9. Implications for the Environment by Michael Plesnarski………………………33 10. Moral & Ethical Implications by Karen Quaderer…………………………… 39 11. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….47 Abstract In this research paper our team will look at the use of Robotic Technology in the medical field, more specifically in the surgical field as well as discuss the issues and implications surrounding the topic. Our discussion will include topics ranging from the history and development of robots that can be found in surgical rooms, political concerns regarding the Food and Drug Administration and their requirements to approve use of these robots, the legal aspect of robotic technology on how to determine which party is held liable in case of accidents or malfunctions that can lead to injury and a legal case that shows the difficulty to prove fault against a manufacturer. Also discussed will be the economic ramifications on our society, psychological, sociological, cultural, moral and ethical impacts on human life, in particular the patients that undergo surgery involving a robotic surgical system...
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...My Career in Network Security The major that I’m going into is network security. And the reason for choosing this field is simply because I wanted to try something new. By going into it allows me room to grow unlike the medical field you’re only going to go so far. It also gives me the ability to give my family a little more stability financially and more time to spend with them. Primary Heading 1 (positions that fall within my major) There are many positions that fall within the network security field. Some of these position are Network Security Engineer, Cyber Interactive On – Net Operator, Network Engineer. These are just a few jobs that are offer in Network Security. (Homelane Security, United States Department of, 2013) Secondary Heading 1 (Network Security Engineer) This position requires that an IT person would assist with network design. This includes network switches, routing, and firewalls solutions. It also requires you to work with all common network security products. (Tulloch, 2003) As a Network Engineer you also required a person to design and implement a network solutions and security compliance guideline. Primary Heading 2 (My Dream Job) My dream is one of many but the company that I have been looking at it is bases out of Charlotte, NC. And the position is Network Engineer it will require me to know about the router to router IPSEC and MPLS configuration and troubleshooting as well as day to day support. My salary range from $55.00 to $65.00 an hour...
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...Joseph Skaggs Creative Problem Solving Unit 1 Research Paper September 23, 2014 One technology that I have noticed to be fast moving is robotics. We use robotics in multiple applications from drones to prosthetics. The military, medical field, and automotive industry have greatly benefited from the use of robotics. In the military robotics are used in unmanned surveillance drones or UAV’s as well as bomb disposal robots which are used when it might be too dangerous for the soldier. In the medical field robotics have had a huge impact. Robotic arms are used during certain surgery procedures because they’re precise and can do things that a human surgeon couldn’t. Robotics are also used with prosthetics, advancements have led to robotic prosthetic arms and legs which have been more effective than prosthetics of the past. Another area where robotics are being used is in vehicles, developing unmanned vehicles for various applications. The future of robotics with UAVs is fast. They’re coming up with new military applications, more than that the technology is moving over to the civilian side. They’re coming up with UAV designs that would be used for crop dusting, weather monitoring, and border patrol. There are even talks about introducing this technology into the commercial airline industry. If things move forward farming will be taken to a whole new level, crop dusting will be maintained robotically though the use of UAVs. We’ll have a better understanding of weather...
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...Certificates of Need for Alabama Durby C. Robinson Jr. Florida Institute of Technology Certificates of Need for Alabama When a healthcare practitioner or group of practitioners seek to get together to form a new organization it is a little more difficult than just setting up a regular business. One of the obstacles in this process is obtaining a Certificate of Need (CON). A certificate of need program helps the public by helping to guide facilities to set up where they are most needed and help healthcare practitioners by helping to prevent them from getting into markets already swamped with similar providers (State of Alaska, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to examine the CON process for the state of Alabama by addressing the facilities that require a CON, the steps in the CON process, how to appeal the CON process, and state exemptions to the CON process. Facilities That Require a Certificate of Need There are many different types of facilities that require a certificate of need. There are many actions that make a certificate of need necessary (Research & Planning Consultants, 2014). Construction, establishment, or acquisition of new healthcare facilities, including: general and many specialized hospitals skilled nursing facilities intermediate care facilities specialty care assisted living facilities (SCALFs) skilled or intermediate care units in veterans' homes rehabilitation centers ambulatory surgery centers facilities for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)...
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...considerations and Sociological effects 29 Environmental Implications 33 Brooke White Ethics and Legal Issues 37 Conclusion 45 References 46 Intro to Robotic Surgery Robotic surgery is defined in the medical dictionary as "the performance of operative procedures with the assistance of robotic technology" ("Robotic," n.d.). Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that began its experimental phase in 1985 with the introduction of the PUMA 560 robotic arm. The first use of a robot for a surgical procedure was a neurosurgical biopsy, recorded in 1985. Following this successful surgery was the first laparoscopic surgery using the same kind of robot; the robotic arm. In 1987, a successful cholecystectomy was performed. In 1988, doctors decided to use the PUMA 560 robotic arm for a transurethral resection procedure. Finally, in 1990, the Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) became known as the first system to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Samadi, 2015). Robotic surgery is a computer-controlled robot and it focuses on precision. It is a system that is used to enhance the surgeon's skills. Therefore, the science behind this technology is haptics; which is also known as touch. David B. Samadi, M.D. is the Chairman of Urology, Chief of Robotic Surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital, and a Professor of...
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... * Our society is based around innovations and technical changes; a new invention becomes an innovation if it is put to market with a good business model, and a clear marketing campaign, a new invention not put to market is not an innovation. Many inventions do not succeed due to the lack of market research. Successful innovations often disrupt an established technology, meaning that the established technology becomes obsolete, or much less used, and it us the disruptive innovation which takes over. In this paper we will see how Robotic surgery disrupts the traditional human surgery process. Robotic surgery offers small incisions, instruments that bend further than the human wrist, and an enhanced view due to its magnified 3D high-definition. It is highly beneficial due to its reduced chance of bleeding and infection, fewer post-operative complications and a faster recovery. The only commercialized robot in robotic surgery is the Da Vinci surgical robot, which is a production of Intuitive Surgical. The medical domain has already accepted a lot of innovations, it is a domain that has greatly evolved, our health being one of the most important things in life, a lot of research is made around it, and the government is often part in its funding’s. The most revolutionary innovation in the health care center is robotic surgery, which now looks to disrupt the human procedure of surgery, and replace it with robotic surgery. Robotic surgery however still demands the help of surgeons...
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