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Swot Analysis of Mydin

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5.2.2 PENDEKATAN STRATEGIK ORGANISASI

Analisis Kekuatan, Kelemahan, Peluang dan Ancaman (SWOT).

Menurut Harold Koontz (1995), Analisis SWOT merujuk kepada analisis persekitaran luaran yang melibatkan ancaman (threats) dan peluang (opportunities) dan persekitaran dalamanan iaitu kelemahan (weaknesses) dan kekuatan (strengths). Menurut Harold Koontz (1995), perincian dalam analisis SWOT meliputi Strengths [Kekuatan-dalaman] ialah kekuatan dalam pengurusan, operasi, kewangan, pemasaran, penyelidikan dan pembangunan, kejuruteraan. Manakala weaknesses [Kelemahan-dalaman] ialah kelemahan dalam bidang-bidang pengurusan, operasi, pemasaran, penyelidikan dan pembangunan, kejuruteraan. Opportunities [Peluang-luaran] merupakan keadaan ekonomi masa kini dan masa hadapan, perubahan politik dan sosial, keluaran, perkhidmatan, dan perkembangan teknologi baru. Threats [Ancaman-luaran] ialah kekurangan tenaga, persaingan, perubahan politik dan budaya, kemerosotan ekonomi, dan perubahan teknologi baru.

Menurut Rangkuti dan Freddy (2000), analisis swot adalah proses mengenalpasti factor luaran dan factor dalaman yang mempengaruhi sesuatu tindakan atau pelaksanaan sesuatu strategi yang akan dilakukan oleh sesebuah organisasi dalam mencapai visi, misi dan objektif organisasi

Syarikat Starbucks menggunakan analisis swot dalam pengurusan strategik untuk meningkatkan kecemerlangan organisasi melalui program pembangunan organisasi dan mengenal pasti kelebihan pesaing. Selain itu, analisis swot juga digunakan untuk memastikan strategi yang digubal itu benar-benar berkemampuan untuk merealisasikan objektif, misi dan visi organisasi.

Kekuatan (S)

1.Kedudukan pasaran kuat dan pengiktirafan jenama Global:

Starbucks mempunyai banyak cawangan di seluruh dunia dan mengekalkan bahagian pasaran 36.7% di Amerika Syarikat (Lampiran 1) dan beroperasi di lebih 60 negara. Starbucks juga jenama yang terkenal dalam segmen kedai kopi dan berada di kedudukan 91st dalam jenama global yang terbaik daripada 2013.Starbucks berjaya menguatkan ekuiti jenama mewah dengan mempromosikan produk selain mengedarkan lesen bagi logo jenamanya. Pengiktirafan jenama dan kedudukan pasaran yang kukuh itu membolehkan Syarikat untuk memperoleh kelebihan persaingan yang ketara bagi mengembang dalam pasaran antarabangsa dan juga membantu mencatat pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi di pasaran domestik dan antarabangsa. Selama ini, mereka telah mencapai skala ekonomi yang ketara dengan saluran pengedar serta hubungan pembekal.

[pic]

Lampiran 1 : Pasaran runcit AS saham kopi dan makanan ringan.

2) Produk-produk berkualiti tinggi

Mereka memberi kepentingan tertinggi untuk kualiti produk mereka dan mengelakkan piawaian kualiti mereka walaupun untuk output pengeluaran yang lebih tinggi.

3) lokasi dan rayuan estetik daripada kedai-kedai

Starbucks mempunyai kedai-kedai di beberapa lokasi yang paling utama dan strategik di seluruh dunia. Mereka menyasarkan premium, lalu lintas tinggi, lokasi yang mudah dilihat , berhampiran pelbagai latar, termasuk pusat bandar dan pinggir bandar, bangunan pejabat, kampus-kampus Universiti, dan lokasi terpilih di luar bandar serta lokasi luar lebuh raya di seluruh dunia. ini telah menyebabkan mereka memperoleh kecekapan dan kelebihan bagi menembusi pasaran utama dan meneroka faktor meyakinkan pelanggan. Kedai-kedai mereka adalah paling menarik dan mempunyai faktor 'cool' - nya yang direka untuk menggambarkan keunikan serta kejiranan mereka berkhidmat dan lokasinya yang mesra alam. Mereka menyediakan wifi percuma, muzik hebat,perkhidmatan yang hebat, memeriahkan suasana dan menyediakan persekitaran bagi pertemuan masyarakat yang membentuk sebahagian lebih luas daripada 'Pengalaman Starbucks' dimana Tujuan utama bagi Syarikat adalah untuk membuat Kedai-kedai mereka 'tempat ketiga' selain rumah dan pejabat. Kemudahan-kemudahan yang disediakan oleh Starbucks telah meningkatkan pelawat ke kedainya setiap tahun berbanding dengan Dunkin Donuts.

[pic]

Lampiran 2 : Bilangan pelawat ke Starbucks berbanding dengan Dunkin Donuts.

4) Pengurusan sumber manusia

Starbucks dikenali ramai bagi kakitangan yang berpengetahuan tinggi. Mereka adalah aset utama Syarikat dan mereka dibekalkan dengan faedah-faedah yang besar seperti pilihan saham, akaun persaraan dan budaya yang sihat. Pengurusan modal insan ini berkesan diterjemahkan ke dalam perkhidmatan pelanggan yang hebat. Ia adalah nilai ke-91 dalam 100 tempat terbaik untuk bekerja oleh majalah Fortune

7) Penggunaan teknologi dan cabang kedai-kedai telefon bimbit

Starbucks dengan cekap memanfaatkan teknologi aplikasi mudah alih iaitu "aplikasi Starbucks' dalam perisian apple dan android. Mereka membuat pelaburan besar dalam teknologi untuk menyokong pertumbuhan mereka setiap tahun. Masyarakat lebih berminat untuk menggunakan aplikasi Starbucks dalam telefon bimbitnya kerana ia memudahkan pembelian mereka dan juga mudah untuk mendapatkan maklumat terkini mengenai produk dan perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan dalam Starbucks. Sebagai buktinya, pada tahun 2013 pembayaran untuk menggunakan aplikasi mobile Starbucks telah meningkat kepada USD 272 juta . Peningkatan ini menunjukkan ramai orang menggunakan aplikasi tersebut.

[pic]

Lampiran 3 : Jumlah urus niaga aplikasi mudah alih pembayaran Starbucks.

8) Kesetiaan berasaskan pelanggan

Starbucks telah menerima kepujaan berikutan status antara pengguna dan mereka juga telah melaksanakan program-program berasaskan kesetiaan untuk mengekalkan kesetiaan pelanggannya dengan program-program ganjaran Starbucks dan kad Starbucks. Kad Starbucks merupakan satu program kad nilai yang menyediakan kemudahan, sokongan hadiah, dan meningkatkan kekerapan lawatan ke kedai oleh pemegang kad dan bersepadu dengan aplikasi mudah alih mereka.

[pic]

Lampiran 4 : Kad Starbucks

Kelemahan (W)

1) Produk yang mahal

Walaupun Starbucks membezakan produk mereka dengan kualiti tinggi serta keseluruhan ' pengalaman Starbucks ', dalam kemelesetan ekonomi, pengguna perlu menukar kos kepada pesaing produk dengan harga yang lebih rendah dan mengabaikan pembayaran premium. Harga premium ini juga boleh menimbulkan beberapa kelemahan dalam kejayaan syarikat terutama dalam negara-negara membangun.

[pic]

Lampiran 5 : Perbandingan harga Starbucks dengan MCD dengan Dunkin.

2) Pengurangan jualan kendiri melalui perlambakan

Disebabkan oleh pengembangan agresif dan tepu kerana kedai Starbucks melambak dalam pasaran membawa kesan kepada pengurangan jualan kendiri selain mengurangkan sasaran pertumbuhan jangka panjang Starbucks. Ini berlaku terutamanya di Amerika Syarikat di mana Starbucks beroperasi di sebanyak 8078 kedai-kedai.

3) Terlalu bergantung kepada pasaran di Amerika Syarikat(AS)

Selaras dengan pengurangan jualan kendiri daripada pasaran AS dengan 8078 kedai-kedai, Starbucks menghasilkan peratusan besar daripada hasil mereka dari Amerika Syarikat dan ini menjadikan ia sensitif kepada prospek ekonomi dan pertumbuhan AS.

4) Imej negatif perbadanan besar

Seperti mana-mana perbadanan besar, Starbucks di bawah penelitian yang meningkat dan perlu melabur dalam tanggungjawab sosial korporat di mana ia akan mengaktifkan dan mengekalkan kawalan yang ketat ke atas amalan-amalan buruh.

5) Pertembungan budaya kopi Amerika/Eropah dengan negara-negara lain

Budaya kopi Starbucks mungkin tidak diterima di sesetengah negara sebagai sebahagian daripada strategi pengembangan antarabangsa mereka.

Peluang (O)

1) Pengembangan ke dalam pasaran baru muncul

Peningkatan tepu dan pengurangan jualan kendiri daripada pasaran Amerika Syarikat membuat strategi antarabangsa menjadi lebih penting. Starbucks telah membuka cawangan usaha sama (joint venture) di banyak negara, dimana baru-baru ini India menyertai senarai tersebut .Starbucks telah memiliki pertumbuhan besar serta berpotensi untuk terus mengembang ke dalam pasaran-pasaran yang baru muncul dan membangun. Mereka boleh menguatkan saiz, pengalaman, kewangan kehebatan dan kecekapan untuk membuat saham pasaran yang baru.

2) Meluaskan campuran produk dan perkhidmatan

Starbucks baru-baru ini telah mula untuk meluaskan campuran produk mereka dengan menceburi bidang teh dan penawaran produk jus segar dengan strategi pintar. Pengambilalihan ini menyediakan peluang yang banyak untuk Starbucks.

3) Pengembangan operasi runcit

Starbucks kini menjual bungkusan produk kopi dan minuman ais melalui peruncit kotak besar. Potensi pasaran ini masih belum dikenali sepenuhnya dan ini memberi peluang hebat kepada masa hadapan Starbucks untuk memperoleh keuntungan jenama mereka nanti.

4) Kemajuan teknologi

Starbucks telah mempertingkatkan penggunaan aplikasi mudah alih dan mempunyai sebuah perkongsian pelaburan dengan “Square”, aplikasi mudah alih pembayaran yang bersepadu dengan aplikasi Starbucks.. Ini adalah untuk memudahkan proses penggunaan bagi pelanggan, sejajar kesetiaan pelanggan melalui program-program ganjaran. Starbucks telah menetapkan bar dalam industri dengan perkembangan ini dan kira-kira 10% daripada transaksi dengan di Amerika Syarikat telah dibuat menggunakan telefon mudah alih applications. ini adalah satu bidang yang semakin meningkat dan akan membawa lebih banyak perniagaan kepada Kedai-kedai mereka sebagai kemajuan teknologi.

[pic]

Lampiran 6 : Aplikasi Starbucks dalam telefon bimbit.

5) Saluran pengedaran baru

Starbucks memperkenalkan sistem penyampaian versi beta yang dipanggil “ Mobile Pour”. Ini memberikan peluang yang besar untuk masa depan dengan mengembangkan sistem pengedaran produk akhir mereka dan boleh membawa lebih banyak pendapatan jika pelaksanaan ini berjaya.

6) Jenama lanjutan

Starbucks membawa imej jenama yang kuat dan boleh dimanfaatkan untuk diperluas ke dalam garisan perniagaannya dan juga mengambil peluang mempelbagaikan produk dengan memastikan risiko melemahkan jenama dalam semakan.

Ancaman (T)

1) Peningkatan persaingan

Ini adalah ancaman yang lebih besar setakat ini bagi Starbucks disebabkan pasaran berada pada tahap yang matang, terdapat peningkatan tekanan di Starbucks dari pesaing-pesaing lain seperti ‘Dunkin Brands’, ‘McDonalds’, ‘Costa Coffee’, ‘Pete ‘s Coffee’, ‘Kedai-kedai kopi mom and pop specialty’. ‘Dunkin Brands’ mempunyai ancaman utama di pasaran kerana menjejaki Starbucks dengan saham 24.6%.

[pic]

Lampiran 7 : Persaingan Starbucks.

2) Harga yang tidak konsten di pasaran kopi Antarabangsa Adakalanya harga pasaran biji kopi yang berkualiti mengalami naik turun yang ketara, dimana Starbucks tidak dapat mengawalnya.

3) Ketepuan pasaran negara-negara maju

Starbucks berasal sejumlah besar hasil dari pembangunan pasaran dan buat masa ini terdapat ketepuan pasaran.

4) Ekonomi negara-negara maju

Dalam dunia yang semakin bersepadu dari segi ekonomi, krisis ekonomi seperti pada tahun 2008 yang boleh menjejaskan turun kesan daripada pasaran maju kepada pasaran membangun. Ancaman ini akan menjejaskan hasil bagi Starbucks setelah pengguna beralih daripada campuran produk premium untuk kekal dalam bajet yang terhad semasa kemelesetan ekonomi.

5) Citarasa dan gaya hidup pengguna yang asyik bertukar

Peralihan pengguna kepada produk-produk yang lebih sihat dan risiko budaya kopi menjadi hanya satu trend mewakili salah satu ancaman bagi Starbucks untuk tempoh akan datang.

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