...CRITIQUE PAPER IN ChE 426N The research paper is entitled “Electricity generation from synthetic substrates and cheese whey using a two chamber microbial fuel cell”. The authors are Georgia Antonopoulou, Katerina Stamatelatou, Symeon Bebelis, and Gerasimos Lyberatos from the Department of Chemical Engineering in the University of Patras in Greece. The research paper is taken from pages 10 to 15 of the Biochemical Engineering Journal, Volume 50. In this study, the possibility of electricity generation from diluted cheese whey in a two-chamber mediator-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated. The research aims to generate electricity using glucose, lactose, and cheese whey wastewater as substrates. It also aims to compare the performance of a MFC using synthetic sugars, such as glucose and lactose, to that of the same MFC when using raw wastewater, such as cheese whey, as substrate. The title of the article is appropriate and clear in such a way that readers can grasp an idea of the research by just reading it. The abstract is specific and is a representative of the article, although it takes a second look to realize that the research would involve electricity generation from synthetic substrates such as glucose and fructose, and from cheese whey. The research problem is attention-grabbing and timely since there is recently an emerging interest focused on the energy recovery from wastes. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is gaining promising interest in the research fraternity...
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...How effective is the use of medical marijuana? Can the treatments benefits outweigh the risks? In recent years the debate over the use of medical marihuana increased rapidly. Whereas a patient suffering from chronic pain in California can easily get a doctor’s prescription for medical cannabis, the German patient suffering from the very same symptoms would not be allowed to treat his ache with marijuana, which is the most common name for the hemp plant, or Cannabis sativa. Cannabis can be classified as one of the oldest drugs known to humanity. Its history dates back until the Neolithic times in China about 6,000 years ago. From there, the plant spread to India and the Middle East where it widely served as an analgesic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, antiemetic and hypnotic (Hall &Degenhardt, 2003). Moreover the hemp was reported to be a successful appetite stimulant as well as effective in treating a number of disorders, including tetanus, neuralgia, asthma and migraine as well as in alcohol and opium addiction and in the treatment of mental illnesses (McKim& Hancock, 2013). Not recognized at first as a substance producing intoxicating effects, marijuana’s use spread soon all over Europe and the U.S. in the 19th century, where it was used for medical purposes. The plants medical benefits were substituted in the early 20th century by pharmaceutical opiates, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and sedatives like chloral hydrates and the barbiturates, which could be given...
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...Community College July 24, 2014 Abstract This paper explores the history of the chemical research and development of anticoagulant medications over the years and how this has lead to the development of direct factor Xa inhibitors (fXa inhibitors). Since ancient doctors first used leeches to treat their patients, people have been aware of the properties of anticoagulants and anti-thrombolytics, but the development of Heparin almost 100 years ago signified the start of a century of chemical discovery and development in the field of anticoagulation that has peaked in the last 25 years. Following the development of Heparin, scientists next developed Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA's), such as Coumadin, which gave an oral option for anticoagulation but they were not without side effects. Nearly 30 years passed before chemists came up with the next step forward in anticoagulation, low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH). It was LMWH that first opened scientists eyes to factor Xa and the possibility of considering it as a possible target for future anticoagulation. In order to proceed with development, however, they had to look back to the past. Back to leeches and heparin, as these would prove hold the keys to the future development of direct factor Xa inhibitors. The Long Road to Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors: A History of Anticoagulation The concept of anticoagulants, or "blood-thinners", as most people know them have been around since the ancient...
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...Name: C.T.B. Assignment: “Our Stolen Future” Date: 12/03/2012 The Book “Our Stolen Future” is considered to be a sequel of “Silent Spring“, a Rachel’s Carson classic work, a clarion call to protect the American public from manmade synthetic pesticides that cause genetic mutations and cancer. Carson not only described how persistent chemicals were contaminating the natural world, she documented how those chemicals where accumulated into our bodies. Since then, studies of human breast milk and body fat have confirmed the extent of our exposure. Human beings in such remote locations as Canada’s far northern Baffin Island now carry traces of persistent chemicals in their bodies, including notorious compounds as PCBs, DDT and dioxin. Even worse, in the womb and through breast milk, mothers pass this chemical legacy on to the next generation. “Our Stolen Future”, the scientific discovery of Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski and John Peterson Myers, takes up where Carson left off and reviews a large and growing body of scientific evidence, linking synthetic chemicals to aberrant sexual development and behavioral and reproductive problems, such as low sperm counts, infertility, genital deformities, hormonally triggered human cancers, like those of breast and prostate gland, neurological disorders in children such as hyperactivity and deficits in attention. The quality of men's sperm declined steadily in the early years of the 21st century until hardly anyone could reproduce in...
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...Research Paper: Toxicant MOS 5425 – Advanced Toxicology 2/3/2015 Background This paper will compare and contrast a toxin that affects the nervous system, one that affects the endocrine system and another that affects the cardiovascular system. Identify the characteristics that are shared by these toxins and characteristics of these toxins make these toxins vulnerable to toxicity of these specific systems? Central Nervous System Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. This exposure is more common than expected, and the health consequences of such exposure remain unclear. Mercury in the past was used in a numerous different activities, and now, exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. According to Azevedo, et al (2012), numerous studies show that high exposure to mercury can induce the following changes to humans such as the central nervous system, potentially resulting in irritability, fatigue, behavioral changes, tremors, headaches, hearing and cognitive loss, dysarthria, incoordination, hallucinations, and death. Endocrine System According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Endocrine disruptors are found in synthetic chemicals used in industrial solvents, lubricants, and their byproducts such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and dixons. Other examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA)...
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...in the year 2014. Dr. Reena Aggarwal Dr. Bhawana Chanana (Course Coordinator) (Mentor) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to give my greatest gratitude to the director of NIFT, Mrs. Nilima Rani for giving me this opportunity to learn various courses that would help me pursue my career as a textile designer. I would also like to thank the course coordinator of Textile Design, Dr. Reena Aggarwal, my mentor Ms. Bhawana Chanana and subject teacher, Ms. Bhawana Chanana for helping me and guiding me throughout the study for this document and helping me improve the quality of my research. ABSTRACT The expansion of textile production and consumption has led to an increased pollution, water shortages, fossil fuel and raw material depletion and climate change. Production of polyester fiber, the most widely used manmade fiber, consumes no renewable resources and high energy levels and generates atmospheric emissions. Also finishing of textiles consumes a large amount of water as well and energy. However, production of apparels is more environmentally friendly; still, outsourcing from low cost countries consumes more fuel for transportation. A throw away mentality has also been adopted by the consumers with the ongoing...
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...Administrative Ethics Paper Balancing the access to health data and privacy has caused a dramatic increase in the types of microdata, and this directs great expectations for health services research. Legislative attempts to protect individual privacy reduces the flow of health care data for research purposes and increases costs and delays, and this affects the quality of analysis. The journal provides a summary of the challenges that data confidentiality raises concerning health services research, the current methods used to ensure data security, and a description of one successful concept to balancing access and privacy. The analysis of these issues of access and privacy using a conceptual framework based on balancing the risk of re-identification with the utility associated with data analysis. The primary goal should be to generate released data that are as close to the maximum acceptable risk as possible. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and other privacy measures are considered having had the effect of lowering the ‘‘maximum acceptable risk’’ level and interpreting the data that is unable to be released. The journal discuss the levels of risk and utility associated with different types of data used in health services research and the ability to link data from multiple sources as well as current models of data sharing and their limitations. One particularly compelling approach is to establish a remote access ‘‘data enclave,’’ where statistical...
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...Mackenzie Weiss ENC1101-Tuesday July 31, 2012 Research Paper ADHD Medications and their Abuse Today The medications used to treat Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are powerful, especially when abused, and have lasting impacts on the patients and the abusers. Treatment, in the form of prescription drugs is available to help these individuals, yet is harmful to others who either are misdiagnosed or abuse it. Additional laws and policies implemented by our elected officials will help ensure the prescribed medications reach the intended patients resulting in lower abuse. ADHD is described as the “most common neurological disorder” (“Facts”) and is a condition that affects many children and adults all over the world. The diagnosis and treatment for ADHD is on the rise in this country, and the signs and symptoms are important for people to notice. ADHD first appears in children who may show a combination of disruptive problems including impulsive behavior, low self-esteem, hyperactivity, and poor performance in school/work. Children, treated for this disorder, are more likely to carry it until adolescence, but for some, ADHD may become a life-long adjustment into adulthood. Specifically for males, hyperactivity is a huge signal that they need to be tested for attention deficit. For females, the signs are the opposite, leading to many underdiagnosed women. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “boys were more likely than girls to have ever...
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...Because these children do not behave the way schools have described as “normal”, they are drugged with harmful synthetic stimulants. Behavior traits in children can be changed by a proper diet, adequate sleep, and positive activities at home. The principle causes of ADHD are unknown. The attempt to classify it as a disease has failed. There are four categories of disease in the medical world: infectious, contagious, traumatic, and systemic. Infectious and contagious diseases have to do with germs so we can rule those out as classifications. Traumatic indicates an outside force such as head trauma or nervous system trauma so that is also ruled out. Systemic diseases happen when the cells or chemicals of the body begin to malfunction such as cancer. This is not correct for ADHD either and so it is not a disease (Stein 23-24). Doctors turn to other causes and classifications of this disorder including genetics. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often appears to run in families, and research studies have suggested that there may be a genetic component to this disorder. Individuals diagnosed with ADHD may have close blood relatives with the disorder (Muenke). Unfortunately, he mentions nothing about a chromosome link because there is no chemical proof of genetics. His statement is the same as if I were to say that my close blood relatives liked the same type of...
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...Animal testing research paper Throughout history animals have been unfairly tested on. As early as 384 Bc animal testing has occurred (Hajar). In 1980 Henry Spira, an animal rights activist, took an ad out in the New York Times with the slogan “How many rabbits does Revlon blind for beauty's sake?” That is what started the campaign to stop animal testing. Animals are tested on to make products such as shampoo, makeup, and sunscreen. When you test on animals 50% of the animals that get tested die during the study. The ones who survive are later killed. The main animals that are tested on are monkeys, rats, mice, lizards, guinea pigs and baboons but are not limited to those animals. Animal testing should be banned because it is unnecessary and cruel to animals. Different procedures are done to animals that are painful and would be considered animal abuse in any other situation. To test products and chemicals on animals there are many procedures that are done. One procedure is vivisection, which is the act of cutting or experimenting with live animals or putting harsh chemicals on the animals. Another procedure that is done is a Draize test. A Draize test involves dripping substances in rabbit or other animals eyes causing pain and in serious cases blindness. These procedures should be stopped because it is hurting live creatures and is cruel to...
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...on doing this Research Paper. “Is it entrainable or not?”, one question with different ideas and information’s sticking with it. No specific and particular reviews I need to provide about it, I just need to gather information by means of researching just to know if Circadian Rhythm is entrainable or not. Although the process is not easy, as people who have suffered from a jetlag, because the more time you did not sleep, the more you will suffer Circadian Rhythm. Sleep and waking, for instance, occur naturally to the beat of an internal pacemaker, which works on a cycle of about twenty-four-hours. My purpose on making and researching is to have broad ideas and I need to answer the question bothering me if it is entrainale or not. I need to defend my title against myself to be proudly to present it and defend it easily.In my title, I used the questioning type because I want to know if Circadian Rhythm is truly entrainable or not. Y abstract focuses on the summary of my entire research paper and what are my goals and objectives on making this research. In listing the methods and procedures, my goal is to give the reader sufficient information to be able to understand it clearly. I have also results to give some description and guide to help the reader recognize my important points. Also the written conclusions were I stated what I’ve learned and proved. Lastly, in the bibliography I listed different references I used in my Research Paper to gather more...
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...JUNIOR 1 S Y 2000 - 2 0 0 1 V o l . 20 N o . 1 C O N T E N FOR LOVE OF DIAMONDS These brilliant gems are not only for fashion but find many uses in other industries as well. CHEMISTRY: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MODERN CIVILIZATION Understand the significance of chemistry throughout man’s history. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY: TOWARDS A SAFE ENERGY SOURCE Is nuclear technology a boon or bane of science? Read on. T S ib er s, De ar BB su bs cr ng ga zin e is ma ki Ba to Ba la ni ma e ma ga zin e. to yo ur fa vo rit lled so me ch an ge s a new section ca c g the changes is Amon s wi th sc ie nt ifi .” It de al “P se ud os ci en ce pt io ns th at an d mi sc on ce ve no tio ns , my th s, e. Al so , we ha pu la r at on e tim we re po ” se ct io n to “C yb er wo rld ex pa nd ed ou r ac tiv ity se ct io n. e a we b- lin ke d in cl ud wi ll th es e ch an ge s We ho pe th at re nc e stu di es mo ur sc ie he lp ma ke yo jo y! re fu n! En re le va nt an d mo Th e Ed ito r MEDICINE’S POTENT MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS Chemistry plays a major role in our existence through important medical applications. R E G U L A R F E AT U R E S 3 Science & Technology News 5 Filipino Scientists and Inventors BOARD OF ADVISERS Violeta Arciaga, Jaime F. Bucoy Jose C. Calderon, Victoria V. Cervantes, Juanita M. Cruz, Belen P. Dayauon Medical Facts and Fallacies 9 Livelihood Technology / I’d Like to Know 10 Cyber World CONSULTANT ...
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...OUTLINE THESIS STATEMENT Abuse of hallucinogens may cause the users physical, emotional, mental or psychological damage. INTRODUCTION Hallucinogens are used in medication and intoxication in some countries specifically in Asia long before. This research will discuss about the causes and effects resulted by the use of hallucinogens. I. Hallucinogens A. Description/Definition of Hallucinogens B. Examples of Hallucinogens II. Reasons For the Use of Hallucinogens A. For Medical Use B. For Other Use III. Effects of Use of Hallucinogens A. Beneficial Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects B. Harmful Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects IV. Laws and Sanctions in Prohibiting the Use of Hallucinogens A. Republic Act No. 7394 B. Republic Act No. 6425 C. Republic Act No. 9165. CONCLUSION Hallucinogens are not all bad. It has good effect to the body and it can be also used in human medication and veterinary setting but should be taken in enough amount/dosage. They usually are in form of crystalline powder in its pure state. INTRODUCTION Drug addiction is common problem to the different parts of the world. In Filipino community, news on the television and radio says about the PDEA (Philippine Drug) or other government agencies that concerns about drug and health executed a drug raid or clearing to a barangay, house or etc. Hallucinogens are used in medication and intoxication in some countries...
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...Michael Tjuatjadarma ESL 5/ Mrs. Goodwin Research Paper/ Essay #3 03/30/2012 Obesity in the U.S.A. Thirty years ago, most of the people in United States lived healthy and almost everyone managed to keep their ideal weight. Children got their selves to school on foot, played and ran around during break time, participated in gym classes, and did after school activities like playing sports or joining clubs. Their parents cooked homemade meals for them with substantial portions of fruits and vegetables. These meals did not contain artificially hydrogenated oils, or any other of the processed chemicals you find in the food today. They rarely ate fast food or snacked between meals. Today, kids have a very dissimilar lifestyle experience. Their parents drop them off at school by car. Gym classes, after school sports, and clubs have been significantly cut. After school, they are playing video games, surfing the Internet, and watching television. Parents do not have time to cook, so they often buy fast food. Kids are snacking around three times a day, which could add hundreds, even thousands of calories to their diet. The portions of the meals are two to five times bigger as compared to thirty years ago. As far as beverages go, they are now becoming more and more sweetened. According to Michelle Obama’s website http:// www.letsmove.gov/, studies show that, “we are eating 31 percent more calories than compared to thirty years ago; including 56 percent more fats and oils, and 14...
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...Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 492-525; doi:10.3390/ijerph6020492 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Emerging Patient-Driven Health Care Models: An Examination of Health Social Networks, Consumer Personalized Medicine and Quantified Self-Tracking Melanie Swan * Research Associate, MS Futures Group, P.O. Box 61258, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: m@melanieswan.com; Tel.: +1-415505-4426; Fax: +1-504-910-3803 Received: 9 January 2009 / Accepted: 2 February 2009 / Published: 5 February 2009 Abstract: A new class of patient-driven health care services is emerging to supplement and extend traditional health care delivery models and empower patient self-care. Patient-driven health care can be characterized as having an increased level of information flow, transparency, customization, collaboration and patient choice and responsibility-taking, as well as quantitative, predictive and preventive aspects. The potential exists to both improve traditional health care systems and expand the concept of health care though new services. This paper examines three categories of novel health services: health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Keywords: Patient-driven health care; health social networks; personalized medicine; quantified self-tracking; health care delivery; predictive...
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