...of the School: City and State: Date: Teacher’s career Systematic synthetic phonics has been the only effective way to teach early reading for many years. However, other methods those are even more efficient than the systematic synthetic phonics have been in use in various English speaking countries. Many reports before the Rose Review done in the year 2006 provide evidence of other methods used in teaching early reading. (Sheerman, 2009, p.36) Compares non-phonics and accurate systematic phonics programs and notes a slight difference in their effectiveness with non-phonics being on the lower margin. Other reports have proved beyond any reasonable doubt the existence of other strategies for teaching early reading. The studies reported some of the strategies as being more efficient than others. However, according to Annette Karmiloff-Smith (2009, p. 300), reading is a various area of knowledge with diverse needs that cannot be addressed by a single approach. Therefore, the teachers taking pupils through early reading must be familiar with various teaching strategies and understand when to apply the different methods. These teachers must also understand the reasons that contribute to the usage of particular teaching strategies (Adamuti-Trache & Robert, 2013). The above reports support the use of different approaches in contrary to systematic synthetic phonics. They both realize the diversity nature of children mind hence the difficulty of...
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...Class: Professor: Name of the School: City and State: Date: Teacher’s career Systematic synthetic phonics has been the only effective way to teach early reading for many years. However, other methods those are even more efficient than the systematic synthetic phonics have been in use in various English speaking countries. Many reports before the Rose Review done in the year 2006 provide evidence of other methods used in teaching early reading. (Sheerman, 2009, p.36) Compares non-phonics and accurate systematic phonics programs and notes a slight difference in their effectiveness with non-phonics being on the lower margin. Other reports have proved beyond any reasonable doubt the existence of other strategies for teaching early reading. The studies reported some of the strategies as being more efficient than others. However, according to Annette Karmiloff-Smith (2009, p. 300), reading is a various area of knowledge with diverse needs that cannot be addressed by a single approach. Therefore, the teachers taking pupils through early reading must be familiar with various teaching strategies and understand when to apply the different methods. These teachers must also understand the reasons that contribute to the usage of particular teaching strategies (Adamuti-Trache & Robert, 2013). The above reports support the use of different approaches in contrary to systematic synthetic phonics. They both realize the diversity nature of children mind hence the difficulty of applying...
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...Phonics instruction teaches children how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters. Emergent readers need to understand that there is a relationship between letter patterns and sound patterns, which will eventually help them develop the knowledge of separate sounds in words. Phonics has been identified by the National Reading Panel as one of the five areas necessary for reading (Doty, Hixson, Decker, Reynolds, & Drevon 2015). It is widely used in teaching children to read and decode words. Phonics instruction is usually taught to children around the ages of five and six (Yusuf & Enesi 2012). Phonics programs do more than teach children to blend, decode, and segment words, they also include instruction and...
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...AS1 – Self-assessment plan. Critically reflect on and systematically plan for subject knowledge development for the appropriate phase. Priorities Actions When and Resources Success Criteria Phonics - To develop confidence in regards to the teaching of phonics. 1. Use different types of media to inform my understanding of phonics. (YouTube) 2. Observe phonics teaching in KS1. 3. Obtain phonics teaching policy and review the phonics scheme that the school uses to teach phonics. 4. Read DfE core criteria key features for an effective systematic synthetic phonics teaching programme. 5. Identify key phonics vocabulary in NC. 6. Read academic and practitioner literature on effective phonics teaching. 1. Every weekend use the internet to observe phonics teaching. 2. Observe 1 lesson each week in placement 1. Arrange weekly. 3. During the first week ask KS1 or EYFS coordinator for the policy and scheme. 4. Obtain a copy online and print off. Review this weekly before each observation. 5. Obtain phase lists from KS1 coordinator during week 1. 6. Library search 22.09.15 Complete all actions in SE1 before SE2 in KS1. Score an average of ‘confident’ in phonics RPD self-assessment audit by the end of SE2. Fully understand and be able to explain the meaning of key phonics vocabulary. (179) Teaching Writing – Transcription, composition, vocabulary, grammar and punctuation (SPAG). 1. Create my own SPAG test. Allow a profile child to attempt the test. 2...
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...Running head: FIVE ELEMENTS OF READING Five Elements of Reading: Scaffolding from Phonics and Phonemic Awareness Justine Leigh Saavedra Grand Canyon University: EDU 470 June 2012 Five Elements of Reading |Phonemic Awareness |Phonics |Fluency |Vocabulary |Comprehension | |Phonemic awareness is the |Phonics is defined as the |Fluency is the ability to read |Vocabulary is the understanding|Comprehension refers to | |“ability to notice, think |relationship between letters and |text with ease and flow. The |of the meanings of words in |understanding what one is reading| |about, and work with discrete|sounds. It is identifying the |reader can quickly group words |other words their definitions. |and applying meaning from | |sounds in spoken |symbol of the letter with its |into groups and use the phonemic |This is a precursor to |personal experience or | |language.”(nhpirc.org) |sounds. |and phonic awareness to place |comprehension, single words are|understanding information which | | | |emphasis and punctuation |comprehended. |is factual. | | | |correctly...
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...Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century. He is widely considered one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics. Saussure's ideas had a major impact on the development of linguistic theory in the first half of the 20th century. Two currents of thought emerged independently of each other, one in Europe, the other in America. The results of each incorporated the basic notions of Saussurean thought in forming the central tenets of structural linguistics. Saussure posited that linguistic form is arbitrary, and therefore all languages function in a similar fashion. According to Saussure, a language is arbitrary because it is systematic in that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Also, all languages have their own concepts and sound images (or signifieds and signifiers). Therefore, Saussure argues, languages have a relational conception of their elements: words and their meanings are defined by comparing and contrasting their meanings to one another. For instance, the sound images for and the conception of a book differ from the sound images for and the conception of a table. Languages are also arbitrary...
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...Pearson, P. D., & Cervetti, G. N. (2013). The psychology and pedagogy of reading processes. In W. Reynolds, & G. Miller, (Eds.), Educational Psychology, V.VII, of Handbook of Psychology (2nd Ed) (pp. 507-554). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 12 The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading Processes P. David Pearson and Gina Cervetti As we approach the monumental task of living up to the standard imposed by our predecessor, the late Michael Pressley, in writing the reading chapter for this, the seventh volume in the series of Handbooks of Psychology, we are both privileged and humbled by the opportunity of continuing the legacy of providing a comprehensive account of new theoretical and empirical contributions to reading research. Respectful of the cross-age approach that Pressley took in the last volume (account for progress of beginning readers, adolescent and adult readers— and along the way highlight some pedagogical processes that are salient at all levels, such as word recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension), we took a different approach. We decided to focus on reading as a fundamentally cognitive process that can be influenced by contextual forces at many levels, most notably for education, schools, and policy environments. Thus we deal with the fundamental psychological aspects of reading—word level processes (including subword processes such as phonological awareness and decoding, word reading, and vocabulary, with all of its entailments), and...
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...Section 5 School Examples, Student Case Studies, and Research Examples • School Examples, page 5.3 – School-Wide Screening, page 5.4 – Progress Monitoring, page 5.5 – Tiered Service Delivery, page 5.9 – Data-Based Decision Making, page 5.13 – Parent Involvement, page 5.16 – Resources, page 5.22 August 2006 Overview In November 2002, the United States Department of Education requested that the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities (NRCLD) identify, describe, and evaluate the implementation of responsiveness to intervention (RTI) in elementary schools throughout the United States. The NRCLD staff worked with the six Regional Resource Centers (RRCs) to identify potential sites and solicit school participation. More than 60 schools across the country initially were considered, and information from 41 of those schools was submitted. The NRCLD research staff reviewed the extensive amount of information submitted and judged that 19 of those schools were engaging in one or more commendable RTI practices based on a review of the following six components of an RTI service-delivery model: • School-wide screening. Screening is a type of assessment characterized by quick, low cost, repeatable testing of critical academic skills or behaviors and can be administered by individuals with minimal amounts of training. A screening measures whether a student should be judged at risk. If a student meets the criteria for at-risk status, he or she is considered for more in-depth...
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...Commonly Misspelt Words A artillery artisan asbestos ascend ascetic asinine asparagus aspect aspersion aspic aspirate aspire assassin assemble assembly assertion assertive assess assessment asset assign assignee assignment assimilate assist assistance associate assure assured asterisk astrology astronomy asunder asylum athlete atmosphere atomic attack attainment attempt attendance attention attentive attitude attorney attract attractive attrition auctioneer audience audiovisual augment austerity authentic author authoritative authority authorise (or authorize) autobiography autograph autonomy autumn autumnal auxiliary available avalanche avenge average averse aversion avert avocado avoid avoidance awe awkward axis axle B baboon backward bacteria badge baggage balaclava balance ballad ballast ballet ballistic balloon ballot balm balsa banal banana bandage bandwidth bangle banish bankruptcy banquet barbaric barbarity barbecue barely bargain barnacle barograph barometer barrage barrel basin baton batten bauble beacon bearing beautiful beautifully because bedlam beetle beforehand beggar beginner beginning begrudge behaviour belfry belligerent benefit benign bequeath beret between bicycle biological bitumen blasphemy blatant blockage boundary bouquet braid breadth breathing brewery brief bristle bronchitis browse bruise budget buffalo buffet build bulge bullet bundle bureaucrat busily business businessman bypass by-product bystander C cactus cadet calamity calcify calcium...
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...This page intentionally left blank This practical coursebook introduces all the basics of semantics in a simple, step-bystep fashion. Each unit includes short sections of explanation with examples, followed by stimulating practice exercises to complete the book. Feedback and comment sections follow each exercise to enable students to monitor their progress. No previous background in semantics is assumed, as students begin by discovering the value and fascination of the subject and then move through all key topics in the field, including sense and reference, simple logic, word meaning, and interpersonal meaning. New study guides and exercises have been added to the end of each unit (with online answer key) to help reinforce and test learning. A completely new unit on non-literal language and metaphor, plus updates throughout the text, significantly expand the scope of the original edition to bring it up-to-date with the modern teaching of semantics for introductory courses in linguistics as well as intermediate students. JAMES R. HURFORD is Professor of General Linguistics, University of Edinburgh. BRENDAN HEASLEY is Consultant (Postgraduate Training), Sharjah Women’s College, United Arab Emirates. MICHAEL B. SMITH is Associate Professor of Linguistics, Oakland University. Semantics A Coursebook SECOND EDITION JAMES R. HURFORD Professor of General Linguistics, University of Edinburgh BRENDAN HEASLEY Consultant (Postgraduate Training), Sharjah Women’s College...
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...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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