...Japanese Study 101 In the year AD 391, a Japanese expedition arrived in Korea, at the time divided among several warring kingdoms, and gave considerable support to the king of Paikche in his struggle with the king of Koguryo. Not many years later the king of Paikche repaid the king of Japan, sending him sumptuous clothing, jewels, and also a collection of books, thanks to which the Land of the Rising Sun came in contact with “written language.” (We can point out in passing that Korea also later replaced Chinese characters with a syllabic system, called Hangul.) The first monks and scribes hired by the Japanese government came directly from China. The oldest Japanese inscription is one commemorating the construction of Uji Bridge by the monk Doto of the Gango-ji Temple in Nara in AD 646. During the eighth century, with the assertion of support of Buddhism in Japan, the members of the Japanese court undertook the copying of the sacred texts of the new religion. They did so out of devotion, but also to show off their culture and refinement. In their efforts they were instructed by monks that remained faithful to the Tang tradition. The best-known calligraphy of this genre was created by empress Komyo (AD 701 – AD 760), wife of Emperor Shomu. In the ninth century the three calligraphers Ono no Michikaze (AD 894-966), Fujiwara no Sari (AD 944-998), and Fujiwara no Kozei (AD 962-1027) – known as the Sanseki (“Three Brush Traces”) – broke with this tradition and in a certain...
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...HIST Y AN PHILO PHY TORY ND P OSOP Y OF S ENCE SCIE E COMM MON CO OURSE IN ENG E GLISH BBA (I Seme A ester) BA/BS (IV Se Sc emester) 2011 A dmission onwards o UNIV VERSI ITY OF CAL F LICUT SC CHOOL OF DI L ISTANC EDU CE UCATIO ON Calicut Universi P.O. M ity Malappur ram, Kera India 673 635 ala, a 106 School of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION BBA (I Semester) BA/BSc (IV Semester) Common Course in English 2011 Admission onwards HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE MODULE I & II Prepared by : House No. 21 “Pranaam” Keltron Nagar, Kolazhi, Thrissur Ms. GAYATHRI MENON .K MODULE III & IV Prepared by: Ms. SWAPNA M.S. Department of English K. K. T. M. Govt. College Pullut, Thrissur Dr. Anitha Ramesh K Associate Professor Department of English ZG College, Calicut © Reserved 2 Scrutinised by : Layout: Computer Section, SDE History and Philosophy of Science School of Distance Education Contents MODULE I ANCIENT HISTORY OF SCIENCE 1. Introduction 2. Origins of Scientific Enquiry 3. European Origins of Science 4. Contributions of Early India 5. Science in China 6. The role of Arabs in the History of Science MODULE 2 7. Science in the Middle Ages MODULE 3 MODERN SCIENCE 8. Newton and After 9. The Advancing Frontiers: Modern Medicine to Nanotechnology MODULE 4 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 10. Basic concepts in the Philosophy of Science 11. Some Issues in the Philosophy...
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...Sybil 1 Sybil Project Gutenberg's Sybil, or the Two Nations, by Benjamin Disraeli Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the laws for your country before redistributing these files!!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Please do not remove this. This should be the first thing seen when anyone opens the book. Do not change or edit it without written permission. The words are carefully chosen to provide users with the information they need about what they can legally do with the texts. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These Etexts Are Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below, including for donations. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN [Employee Identification Number] 64-6221541 Title: Sybil, or the Two Nations Author: Benjamin Disraeli Release Date: February, 2003 [Etext #3760] [Yes, we are about one year ahead of schedule] [The actual date this file first posted = 08/24/01] Edition: 10 Language: English Project Gutenberg's Sybil, or the Two Nations, by Benjamin Disraeli ********This file should be named sybil10.txt or sybil10.zip******** Corrected EDITIONS of our...
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...CARTAS FILOSÓFICAS *** VOLTAIRE http://www.librodot.com Librodot Cartas filosóficas Voltaire 2 Voltaire 1694 Nace en París, el 21.de noviembre, François-Marie Arouet, Voltaire, segundo hijo del notario François Arouet, distinguido por su ardiente jansenismo. La infancia de Voltaire no es muy bien conocida (en parte porque él mismo ocultó muchos aspectos de su biografía), pero a lo largo de su vida reiteró en varias ocasiones que había nacido el 20 de febrero de 1694 y que no era hijo de François Arouet, sino de un chansonnier llamado Rochebrune. 1704-1711 Estudios en el colegio de los jesuitas LOUIS- le-Grand de Paris, donde recibe una severa educación religiosa y una sólida formación clásica. Por esta época, su padrino, el abad de Châteauneuf, le introduce en la sociedad del Temple y otros círculos de librepensadores a los cuales causa asombro el ingenio y la mordacidad de Voltaire. 1713 Habiendo iniciado la carrera de leyes, se traslada a La Haya, en calidad de secretario del embajador francés. Idilio con Pimpette Dunoyer, hija de un refugiado francés. El embajador, temiendo el escándalo, le obliga a regresar a París. 1714 Contrariando los deseos de su padre, empieza a dedicarse por completo a la literatura. Muy pronto se hace famoso en la sociedad parisiense de la época por sus epigramas satíricos. 1717 A causa de unos versos en los que se mofaba del Regente, el duque de Orleáns, es recluido (Mayo) en la Bastilla durante once meses. 1718 Estrena con gran...
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