...TDA 2.1: Child and young person development. 1 1.1 0 – 3 Years Physical Development New born babies are very limited to the movement and have very little control over their bodies. They rely on movement through reflexes but as they begin to get older they begin to develop crawling, sitting, grabbing, pointing, running rolling, hopping and jumping. As children begin to reach 2years there movement should become more controlled as they hit the age of 3 children should be able to develop some motor skills that will include activities such as painting, colouring and drawings. They should be able to figure out they can hold things and do things on their own. Communication and intellectual development Babies will begin to hear different sounds, languages and phrases used around them, as time goes by children will begin to make sounds of their own and by 12months some children will begin to say words which may not be fully clear. By the ages of 1 and 2 children will begin to pick up on words as their vocabulary will expand their they will start and try to string sentences together, by the age of 3 children will be able to speak clearly but will need help with their speech when speaking as common mistakes will be noticed in most children. Social, emotional and behavioural development Children will begin to find out their identify and who they are, many children will become attached to their parents at this stage as they begin to do things independently children can...
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...The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives Oliver P. John and Sanjay Srivastava University of California at Berkeley Running head: Big Five Trait Taxonomy Final draft: March 5, 1999 Author's Address: Oliver P. John Department of Psychology University of California, MC 1650 Berkeley, CA 94720-1650 W: (510) 642-2178; H: 540-7159; Fax: 643-9334 Email: ojohn@socrates.berkeley.edu; sanjays@socrates.berkeley.edu To appear in L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford (in press). 2 Taxonomy is always a contentious issue because the world does not come to us in neat little packages (S. J. Gould, 1981, p. 158). Personality has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction or breadth (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, 1991; McAdams, 1995). Each of these levels has made unique contributions to our understanding of individual differences in behavior and experience. However, the number of personality traits, and scales designed to measure them, escalated without an end in sight (Goldberg, 1971). Researchers, as well as practitioners in the field of personality assessment, were faced with a bewildering array of personality scales from which to choose, with little guidance and no overall rationale at hand. What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different...
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