...our lives, appreciate the relationship between human beings and the environment, analyse how pro-environmental behaviour helps to deal with environmental stressors, explain the causes and consequences of social problems from a psychological perspective, and learn about the possible remedies of problems such as poverty, aggression, and health. CONTENTS Introduction Human-Environment Relationship Different Views of the Human-Environment Relationship The Bishnois and the Chipko Movement (Box 8.1) Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour Human Influence on the Environment Noise Pollution Crowding Natural Disasters Promoting Pro-environmental Behaviour Psychology and Social Concerns Poverty and Discrimination Aggression, Violence, and Peace Key Terms Mahatma Gandhi on Non-violence : Why Does Summary Non-violence Work (Box 8.2) Review Questions Health Project Ideas Impact of Television on Behaviour Weblinks Pedagogical Hints 152 Psychology Introduction In the previous two chapters, you read about some topics related to social behaviour and groups. We will now reflect on a set of social concerns with a wider scope, which are linked to each other and involve psychological aspects. These issues have to be understood and resolved at the level of the community rather than the individual. It is now known that besides affecting our physical health, the environment also influences our psychological processes and behaviour. Human beings also influence the environment through...
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...is beyond prediction and the adverse impacts of climate change are increasingly serious. Besides, the debate about the main cause of climate change is significant. As the main driver of climate change is difficult to identify, countries face the challenge to formulate practical strategies to reduce greenhouse gases. This report will define climate change and explore what is the main driver of climate change as well as focus on climate change response strategies in Kenya. 2. Definition of Climate Change Climate change is characterized as observed increase in global average temperature of the earth. Climate is totally different from weather. Weather is the state of atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, cloudiness, wind and rain (CCIR-NYC 2005, p. 1). However, climate is a region’s weather patterns in a relatively long period (CCIR-NYC 2005, p. 1). The CCIR-NYC (2005, p. 1) claims that the variations of the state of climate on space and time are the dominant features of climate change. It is reported that global average temperature has increased by 0.74℃ over the last 100 years (CSIRO 2009, p. 1). 3. The Current Debate about the Causes of Climate Change Whether human activity or the natural processes is the main contributing factor of climate change has become a controversial issue. 1. The Standpoint of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC asserts that the primary cause of climate change is human...
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...Faizan Imran Class#3220 faizan_imran_914@hotmail.com FINAL DRAFT In this rapidly developing world, technology has infiltrated into every aspect of our lives. To aid in maintaining our lives on the fast track, everything from our homes to workplaces must be upgraded with latest technology. There is no doubt that the use of advanced technology has made our lives convenient. Even though technology may seem very beneficial, we can not ignore the drawbacks of this level of advancement. Throughout history, technology has helped human beings improve their standard of living. It has made us more advanced and showed us efficient ways to complete tasks. Modern technology has helped to increase production for businesses using cost effective methods. Not only do these sophisticated machines save money, they also save time. For instance, businesses that once used to employ hundreds of labourers, now use machines. This cost saving method allows owners to invest in other areas of their business, which benefits the economy as a whole. Many medical breakthroughs have been made due to advancements in technology. Numerous diseases which could not be cured several decades ago such as cancer are now curable. Sometimes surgeons maybe overworked, resulting in accidents which may prove to be fatal for patients. Using different machines would further reduce the risk of doctors making mistakes, which they rarely make. Furthermore, health applications can be downloaded on smartphones...
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...and alternative research methodologies will be defined. Then impact on the economic sector of the music industry will be critically reviewed in the evidence of different papers. Role of governing authorities will be examined and then proposed solutions will be defined. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Discussion 5 Cultural Impact of Technology on Music Industry 5 Negative Impact 6 Economical Impact of Technology on Music Industry 7 Positive Impact 7 Negative Impact 7 Conclusion 8 References 10 Cultural and Economical Impact of Technology on Music Industry Introduction Music is a form of art essentially created for the purpose of entertainment. It has now evolved as a resource of expression for multiple human activities ranging from religion, education, political activities, promoting peace and bridging gaps. Music is used as a tool, to express social disputes of racism, status quo, political violence, expression of love and uniting societies together (Ambert, 2003, p. 1). It does not require language to convey its message. It cannot be limited by regional or national boundaries; in fact, it has played a...
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...University of Dhaka How does Overcrowding Affect Human Being? Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka “Leopards” Group Profile: SL NO | NAME | ID | 1 | S. M. Fahim Uddin | 20 | 2 | Ariful Islam | 92 | 3 | Shima Akter | 104 | 4 | Imran Hossain | 156 | 5 | Md. Tareq Hossain | 178 | Definition of overcrowding: According to the World Health Organization, overcrowding refers to the situation in which more people are living within a single dwelling than there is space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy secluded, hygiene impossible, rest and sleep difficult. The terms crowding and overcrowding are often used interchangeably to refer to the same condition. The effects on quality of life due to crowding may be due to children sharing a bed or bedroom, increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy, poor hygiene practices and an inability to care adequately for sick household members. While population density is an objective measure of number of people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density. But, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for administrative purposes are based on density measures and do not usually incorporate people’s perceptions of crowding. The social and psychological effects of overcrowding: The social and psychological effects of overcrowding can be summarized as follows: Health effects: Overcrowding poses serious direct and indirect...
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...Effects of Information Revolution on the Environment Student Name: LAM Yan Tung (Tim) Student ID: 43369065 Class: Practical 10 Tutor: Shadi Class date: Tuesday 4pm Introduction The world has become a global village over the past one decade. This is attributed to the rapid development and expansion of technology, especially that which has to do with information. This rapid growth is no less than a revolution. Information revolution owes its existence and growth to the development of technology, which began with the invention of the computer and has seen the invention of communicative devices such as advanced computers, cellular phones, smart televisions, satellite dishes, radios, digital communications, microchips, tablets, I pads, just to mention but a few. These devises are vital in the creation of information as well as its transmission to millions of audiences all over the world. A single event such as a football match is transmitted to millions of fans in all the continents in real time, also giving fans a chance to interact and analyze the event, thanks to social media. Storage of information has become easy with this revolution, because these devices are equipped with a memory hence a user has the option of retrieving it whenever need arises. Management of information is also facilitated because these devices have the capability of sorting, tabulating and presenting information in a more simplified manner. Therefore, this revolution has the ability to shape all...
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...perspective and approach towards different populations. The Effects of Poverty Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that affect the population in a multitude of ways. The four primary risk factors afflicting families living in poverty are emotional and social challenges, stressors, cognitive lags and health and safety issues. Graber...
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...want or don't want. In this way, we find ourselves in a situation in which we serve the economy instead of it serving us. Colin Beavan and Robert Reich both offer their interpretation of the issue in relation to sustainability and freedom of choice, respectively. In No Impact Man, Beavan reveals the environmental issues associated with increased consumerism and attempts to find a way to counter the effects by discontinuing purchase of anything new. In Reich's "The Choice Fetish", he discusses how the sheer number of options available to us can limit our personal freedom because so much of our time is spent mulling over these insignificant choices. He uses the example of buying a computer, something many people do in their lifetime, and shows how incredibly overwhelming the process can be with all of the features to choose from in order to make the final product "personalized". In No Impact Man and "The Choice Fetish", Beavan and Reich show their readers the causes and effects of increased consumerism in a variety of areas. Because of these causes and their negative effects, Beavan and Reich suggest that their readers consider carefully the significance of the choices that they make. Case 2 First, the authors discuss the causes of increased consumerism. In order to deal with the problem, it is helpful to know where this excessive consumerism comes from. Beavan says that it arises out of the notion that serving the economy is the...
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...The Pervasiveness of Technology within Our World Over a long time, there have been varied opinions from different groups of individuals concerning the value of technology in our lives. Currently, the technological advancement has made the world a global village where you can access all sorts of information and services, reach people and places with ease and interact on various platforms such as business. As a result of these, technology has had a significant control on the way we carry out our daily activities and how we relate with each other. However, some school of thought argues that the technology has had very little impact on our lives. They see technological development as separate from our social culture and its concerns. Also, it poses a ruling force on the people who use it or interact with it. Therefore, the argument says that we have little influence on the development of technology rather we try to fit in the prevailing conditions of technology. This debate has resulted to a question whether we have full control over technology, or it is the other way round where it is the technology determines what we do. For us to understand this concept, the theory of technological determinism has played an important role. According to Oliver (2011), this theory explains that the technology is the force that drives change and progression in our society. It determines how we interact in the society. Even though some people agree with the statement, others have a different point...
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...EFFECTS OF COMPUTER GAMING ON NEUST STUDENTS’ IN CABANATUAN CITY 1. FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. THE REPORT ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3. RESEARCH DIRECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1. ACTIVE USER PERSPECTIVES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1. Important studies ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2. Problems with the Active User perspective ............................................
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...shot to turn things around after they swept six of the seven events in last summer’s Pan Am Games in Venezuela. As viewers tune into the Olympic games on national television, they do not even realize the impact this team and coach are about to leave on sports history for years to come. This year, not only did the United States cycling team claim one medal, but rather nine of them, including four golds. Following the games, Coach Eddy received a large amount of praise and was even awarded the title “Man of the Year” by the United States Cycling Federation (USCF). To the world’s surprise, a scandal was about to be unveiled. Robert Lea, president of USCF, sent a letter to members of the board, in which he stated his resignation from his position as president because investigation showed that the United States coaching staff “blood doped” some of the Olympic cyclists. But what was blood doping, and why was it such an issue? Blood doping is the practice of increasing the number of red blood cells (by artificial means) in the bloodstream. With an increase of red blood cells, more oxygen can be carried from the lungs to the muscles, which can improve aerobic capacity. This blood doping procedure gained notoriety in the sports world because of what it can do for athletes during endurance events and the jeopardizing effects it could have on the cardiovascular system. Basically, in order for muscles to perform they need a need a ready supply of oxygen. This is especially true in endurance...
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...psychologically with accepting their own bodies. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2003), this trend started since the Renaissance period where self-starvation was practiced for religious purposes, however due to the growing influence of the Media, eating disorders have become more popular in the twentieth century and as a result the death rate has climbed horrifyingly (Frey, 2003). The Media has a heavy influence on how young women in the United States view and modify their bodies to achieve a perfect body type, however this ideology can lead to negative outcomes such as; low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, as well as affect other spheres of life. In examining the role of the Media and the negative effects it has on an individual one can clearly see that the issue have gotten to the point where young women live a life where they are mentally tormented and pressured to achieve one body type. Media attacks the subconscious mind and imprint false images of beauty which in turn leads to downward social comparison and allows young women to feel insecure in their own skin which leads them to a web of negative thoughts and feelings about their own bodies. The result of this mental and physical torment is evident in the mortality rate. According to the National Death Index, crude mortality rates in the United States were “4.0% for Anorexia Nervosa, 3.9% for Bulimia Nervosa and 5.2% for eating disorders not otherwise specified” (Bilgrad, 1990). This...
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...Introduction Air pollution is one of a variety of manmade environmental disasters that are currently taking place all over the world. Air pollution may be defined as an atmospheric condition in which various substances are present at concentrations high enough above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable effect on people, animals, vegetation, or materials. ‘Substances’ refers to any natural or manmade chemical elements or compounds capable of being airborne. These may exist in the atmosphere as gases, liquid drops, or solid particles. It includes any substance whether noxious or benign; however, the term ‘measurable effect’ generally restricts attention to those substances that cause undesirable effects. Air quality has deteriorated both due to human activities, and natural phenomenon such as wind-blown dust particles etc. There are two major sources of air pollution in Bangladesh, vehicular emissions and industrial emissions. However, these are mainly concentrated in the cities. Recently, air pollution has received priority among environmental issues in Asia, as well as in other parts of the world. Exposure to air pollution is the main environmental threat to human health in many towns and cities. Particulate emission is mainly responsible for increased death rate and respiratory problems for the urban population. This problem is acute in Dhaka being the capital of the country and also the hub of commercial activity. Dhaka is a major, cultural, and manufacturing center....
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...Television and Media Violence – Affect on Children Exposure to Violent Television Causes Aggressive Behavior in Children Prepared for Mrs. Martha Jagel, Professor Rogers State University Prepared by Ashton Duncan, Student Rogers State University June 20th 2013 Television is the most powerful medium the world has ever seen. Never before has it been possible to communicate and so strongly influence millions of people at the same moment right in their own homes. But its misuse has been felonious, and society is paying an increasing price (Langone, 1984). Almost weekly the press carries some story about the harmful effects of television on children. Parent-teacher lobbyists wring their hands about the violence depicted on Saturday morning children''s programs. Nutritionists decry commercials that tout sugar-laden junk food to youngsters. Consumer advocates clamor against the deceptive marketing of children's toys. In Washington, D. C., politicians anxiously express their regrets, then turn to more pressing business (Landesman, 1995). This paper intends to address the behavioral effects that violent television has on children. Violence and television has been the subject of numerous controversial studies for the past thirty years. The most persistent questions have concerned aggressive, anti-social, or delinquent behavior and their link, if any, to violent television entertainment (Paik & Comstock, 1994). Numerous articles, written on almost...
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...Table of Contents Chapter-1: Introduction 4 Chapter-2: Water Crisis 6 Chapter-3: The environmental effects of Hydraulic Fracturing 8 Air: 8 Water: 8 Deforestation: 9 Health: 9 Climate: 9 Faulty Wells: 9 Chapter-4: Hydraulic Fracturing: A Controversial Topic 10 Chapter-5: Conclusion and Recommendation 12 5.1 Water Scarcity Issues and Factors: 12 5.2 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Scarcity: 14 Bibliography 15 Appendices 17 Appendix-1: Shale Gas Extraction 17 Appendix-2: Components of Fracturing Fluid 18 Appendix-3: Percentage of Global share by gas types 19 Appendix-4: Reducing Surface Footprint with Horizontal Drilling 20 Appendix-5: Satellite view of a Hydraulic Fracturing fluid storage 21 Appendix-6: Possible risks of Hydraulic Fracturing 22 Appendix-7: Global physical and economic water scarcity 23 Appendix-8: Survey conducted in Yangon, Myanmar 24 Chapter-1: Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is the process of obtaining natural gas by drilling into shale rock layers deep within the Earth. This process was made possible by advances in drilling technology in the past 100 years (www.energyfromshale.org/). Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas is also known as “fracking”. Hydraulic fracturing involves usage of vast amounts of a water mixture directed under high pressure at layers of shale to release the gas. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation states that approximately 2.4 to 7.8 million gallons of water are needed per fracturing...
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