...comparison to a design, and can discover properties that can be later fed into a conformance analysis. Rather than pursuing a single, narrow research approach, we have tried to explore the problem from many angles. We consider how a codebase may be analyzed in the presence of some design models; how it might be analyzed if there is no explicit design documentation; and how minimal design properties expressed as code annotations might be exploited. We have developed static analyses that require no execution of the code but can simulate the effect of all possible executions, and dynamic analyses that require a test suite but can produce more accurate results. Some of our static analyses are conservative, and can guarantee properties of all executions; others are sound in their error reports, so that no false alarms are given. Some of our tools exploit test cases; others generate test cases automatically. Despite the breadth of our approaches, all our work satisfies some fundamental criteria. It is principled and at the same time pragmatic. Being principled means that we are not content to develop ad hoc approaches that may work well in the short term, but which rely on inconsequential properties of particular...
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...Writing effective test cases is a skill and that can be achieved by some experience and in-depth study of the application on which test cases are being written. Here I will share some tips on how to write test cases, test case procedures and some basic test case definitions. What is a test case? “A test case has components that describes an input, action or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working correctly.” Definition by Glossary There are levels in which each test case will fall in order to avoid duplication efforts. Level 1: In this level you will write the basic test cases from the available specification and user documentation. Level 2: This is the practical stage in which writing test cases depend on actual functional and system flow of the application. Level 3: This is the stage in which you will group some test cases and write a test procedure. Test procedure is nothing but a group of small test cases maximum of 10. Level 4: Automation of the project. This will minimize human interaction with system and thus QA can focus on current updated functionalities to test rather than remaining busy with regression testing. So you can observe a systematic growth from no testable item to a Automation suit. Why we write test cases? The basic objective of writing test cases is to validate the testing coverage of the application. If you are working in any CMMi company then you will strictly follow test cases standards. So...
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...used to support verification and data collection scripts. The scripts control various test equipments in addition to the device under test (DUT) to characterize a specific performance with a specific configuration or to evaluate the correctness of the behaviour of the DUT. The specific focus on this paper is on documenting our experiences in building an automation framework using Python: on the purposes, goals and the benefits, rather than on a tutorial of how to build such a framework. 1. Introduction I work in a growing IC design company that focuses on wireless solutions. The project described in this paper was developed when we were developing the fifth generation of our product. We were facing huge challenges for this project: our product's feature sets have grown so much that manual verification of the features require more than 2 months (and this would involve most of the engineering team doing manual tests). Recent economic situation prohibited any further investment, both for manpowers and tools. However, the project needs to be completed on time, or we would risked losing a significant potential business. We basically faces a risk of taping out our Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with potential major defects due to untested features1. Understanding this risk, we did an evaluation on how much can we gain by automating a number of crucial test cases. It was obvious that the benefits were significant: we would have 16 more hours each...
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...might have given in this situation. After this the Utility Test will be applied to the situation, followed by the Common Good Test. Upon completion of both test the results will be compared to decide which of the two test is the most informative and why. Transistor Company Back Ground The case that was presented for review was one of ethical decisions. A company that produced transistors (referred to from this point on as “Trans Inc”) was presented a decision to either stop selling to a particular company in order to avoid legal issues, or continue selling to that company in order to save lives. The company that Trans Inc was selling transistors to made pacemakers. For the use of this assignment the pacemaker company will be referred to as “Medical Inc.” At the time, the 1970’s, pacemaker technology was in its infancy (Shanks, 2012). There were many problems with the technology and if the pacemaker failed then the user would die. In one reported incident a patient yawned and this caused the pacemaker to stop causing the patient to die. After several incidents that caused patients to die, Trans Inc. starting to reconsider doing business with Medical Inc. The board was concerned with being sued. Another concern was rather the transistors were not being tested thoroughly enough. This problems cause Trans Inc to decide to discontinue doing business with Medical Inc. At this time Medical Inc informs Trans Inc that they are the final suppliers of the transistors that...
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... . . . April 2004 Copyright © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Pearson and the Pearson logo are trademarks of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). . . . . . . . . . ASSESSMENT REPORT Administration Practices for Standardized Assessments Administration Practices for Standardized Assessments Note: This report is based on “Appropriate Administration Practices with Standardized Tests” published in Testing Information Bulletin No. 3 by Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement, June 1996. Introduction Pearson Inc. (Pearson) develops and distributes a variety of assessments for educational and clinical purposes. To meet the goal of producing highly valid, reliable results for test users, each of these products is developed according to strict guidelines. For standardized tests, the way in which the test is administered is equally important. By carefully adhering to administration practices, a test user can contribute to the validity and reliability of each student’s results. Moreover, following appropriate administration practices satisfies widely accepted ethical standards and codes of responsibilities required for test administrators. This report discusses general and documented administration practices for standardized assessments, especially with regard to Pearson’s educational assessment products, such as the Stanford Achievement Test Series, Tenth Edition (Stanford 10). Assessment Standardization The...
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...the end of this course, students will be able to: 1) demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between law and ethics and how these two principles should not be treated as mutually exclusive; 2) select the most effective solutions to legal and ethical issues that may be encountered within the workplace; 3) identify the appropriate steps to be followed in both the legal and ethical decision making processes; 4) apply material learned in this course in order to analyze and propose solutions to legal and ethical problems. REQUIRED COURSE MATERIAL: Textbook: Fundamentals of Quebec Business Law and Ethics, 1st Edition, Paladin Publications. (Available at the Concordia University bookstore) EVALUATION: Two in-class tests: the first will cover Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4; the second will cover Chapters 5 & 6. Each in-class exam will be worth 25% of the total grade. The final exam will cover Chapters...
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...Florence Man A424 Case 1 Summer 2013 Substantive procedures are designed to detect material misstatements in a transaction classes, account balance, and disclosure component of financial statements. Little Drummer Boy Inc. In the case of Little Drummer Boy Inc. management provided assertions in the following transaction classes: acquisition of long-term asset, depreciation of long-term asset, and allocation of cost in lump-sum purchase. The long-term asset account, depreciation and accumulated depreciation of long-term asset accounts should be detected for material misstatements. Finally, auditor should detect material misstatements in disclosure of depreciation and method of cost allocation for Little Drummer Boy Inc. In performing substantive procedures, auditor should test errors or fraud in (1) individual transactions (2) the ending financial statement account balances and disclosures. For Little Drummer Boy Inc. the engagement team didn’t test the long-term asset account and corresponding payable account to determine whether the fair value of property, plant, and equipment is properly recorded. Moreover, auditors didn’t performed tests in determine whether depreciation of plant and equipment is properly recorded in depreciation expense and accumulated depreciation accounts in accordance to estimations on useful life of the plant and equipment. The ending balance in plant and equipment should also be tested. The same procedures should be applied to test whether each...
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...Introduction Samara Brothers, Inc. designs and manufactures a line of children's clothing. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., contracted with a supplier, Judy-Philippine, Inc. (JPI), to manufacture outfits based on photographs of Samara garments and to be offered under Wal-Mart's house label, "Small Steps." When JPI manufactured the clothes, it copied sixteen of Samara's garments with some small modifications to produce the line of clothes required under its contract with Wal-Mart. After discovering that Wal-Mart and other retailers were selling the so-called knockoffs, Samara brought an action for infringement of unregistered trade dress under section 43(a) of the Trademark Act of 1946. The jury found for Samara and awarded the company more than $1 million in damages. Wal-Mart then renewed a motion for judgment as a matter of law, claiming that there was insufficient evidence to support a conclusion that Samara's clothing designs could be legally protected as distinctive trade dress for purposes of section 43(a). The District Court denied the motion and awarded Samara relief. The Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of the motion and concluded that "copyrights depicting familiar objects, such as the hearts, daisies, and strawberries in Samara's copyrights are entitled to very narrow protection. It is only the virtually identical copying...which will result in a successful claim of infringement of familiar objects." 2-)Rule of Law/Rationale The legal framework used to analyze whether design...
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...[PDF] Client Acceptance - Test bank and manual solution textbooks https://thetopgrades.com/wp-content/.../InstructorResourceManual.pdf The case was prepared by Mark S. Beasley, Ph.D. and Frank A. Buckless, Ph.D. of North Carolina State University and .... Case 1.1: Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Ocean Manufacutring Inc The New Client Acceptance ... www.studymode.com/.../ocean-manufacutring-inc-the-new-client-accept... Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: the New Client Acceptance Decision: Case 1.1 Ocean ... Problem Solution: Harrison-Keyes Inc. Ayodeji Ajayi University of Phoenix ... Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: The New Client Acceptance ... www.freecasestudysolutions.com/case-study-Ocean-Manufacturing-Inc-... Case 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: The New Client Acceptance Decision Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. is recommended as a ... ORDER NEW SOLUTIONS ... Solution Manual for Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning ... testbanksfor.com › All test banks and solution manuals Download Solution Manual for Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning Approach 5th Edition by Beasely. Solution Of Ocean Manufacturing Inc Free Essays 1 - 30 www.papercamp.com/group/solution-of-ocean-manufacturing.../page-0 Free Essays on Solution Of Ocean Manufacturing Inc for students. ... ACCT 805AE Case 4 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc The Osprey Group Feb 21, ... Auditing: r c aSe S t h at diSc uSS topicS rel ated to thiS Section 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. . Case 1 1 Ocean Manufacturing Inc Free Essays 1 - 30 www...
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...Disputes involving a private individual or company usually end up in a domestic court of a state. 3-1 © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Prentice Hall Disputes between states 3-2 © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Prentice Hall Are taken to an international tribunal, such as the ICJ (International Court of Justice) or the dispute resolution panel of the World Trade Organization (if both states are members) and the matter involves a trade in goods issue. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a court of last resort which tries persons accused of the most serious crimes against humanity (crimes such as genocide). Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals International Court of Justice International Criminal Court World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures 3-3 © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Prentice Hall 4 © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Prentice Hall 1 3/7/2016 ICJ Jurisdiction International Court of Justice Principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to hear: • Disputes between states pursuant to its contentious jurisdiction. • Cases from organs and specialized agencies of the UN pursuant to its advisory jurisdiction. No power to hear cases involving individuals....
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...the new hiring recruiter of ABC, Inc has a very challenging situation. He was tasked with hiring and training fifteen new employees, by June 15th. Carl was given this task in April by his boss Monica however she has not followed up with Carl to ensure the task will be completed on time. Carl did not take the appropriate steps to prepare the new hires for orientation. As we analysis this case we will observe issues with the training for new employees by ABC Inc. and the lack of mentoring by management. Case background Carl Robins has successfully hired fifteen new employees to work for ABC Inc. Carl’s boss, Monica Carrolls, has tasked Carl with ensuring that all fifteen new hires have all of their paperwork completed and all training documents ready by the June 15th orientation. Carl did not begin working on his task, even after his boss Monica asked him if he would have all of his training done by the June 15th deadline. When Carl did finally start the task, he found that almost all of the required hiring documents were missing, and none of the mandatory drug screenings had been done. Carl then found out that the orientation manuals were incomplete and he did not have enough books for his training class. Lastly, Carl discovers that the orientation room was booked by another group for the entire month of June, so now they don’t have a training room to hold the event. Key Problems I found quite a few problems with the ABC Inc. case. The first concern was why hadn’t...
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...Language 3. Requirements and Early Life-Cycle Engineering Requirements Elicitation Software Specification Object-Oriented Analysis 4. Software Design Classical and Object-Oriented Design Architecture and Patterns (Components) Software Engineering - Summer 2004 5-1 © Stefan Leue 2004 Course Outline 5. Software Quality Assurance Testing Inspections (Reliability) (Software Metrics) 6. Software Production Process Evolutionary Models Spiral Model Unified Process Maturity Assessment (Agile Process) 7. Software Project Planning and Management Project Structure and Staffing Effort Estimation Scheduling Software Engineering - Summer 2004 5-2 © Stefan Leue 2004 Life-cycle Model: Waterfall Module Implementation and Test • translate design modules into code modules • test modules in isolation SRS Design Design Implementation System design Requirements Software Quality Assurance • did we build the model right? Software Engineering - Summer 2004 5-3 © Stefan Leue 2004 Life-cycle Model: Waterfall Integration and Testing • integrate tested module to form system • integration testing (incremental or big bang) • validation • customer acceptance testing Design Implementation System design Requirements SRS Design Integration Software Quality Assurance • did we build the model right? Software Engineering - Summer 2004 5-4 © Stefan Leue 2004 Life-cycle Model: Waterfall Operation and Maintenance • deploy product • perform maintenance • corrective • adaptive • perfective • retire...
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...I named Transistor Corp. who was contracted to distribute transistors to pacemaker company by the of Pacemaker Inc. encountered a dilemma on whether or not to stop distributing transistors to Pacemaker Inc. to avoid future lawsuits. There have been numerous cases where doctors are inadequately performing the pacemaker surgery on individuals; in addition, the pacemaker technology was not as extensive. Since the pacemaker was at an early stage of development, Pacemaker Inc. and various doctors were facing numerous lawsuits. Transistor Corp. began to worry about future lawsuits because to their association with the making of the pacemaker. The board of directors felt pressure to make a decision on whether or not to this discontinue the production in order to protect the shareholders. Transistor Corp. had become the sole supplier of transistors since all their competitors have decided to cease production for that same reason. Pacemaker Inc. relied on the Transistor Corp. in order make the pacemaker; therefore, the possibility of shutting down would a great impact on Pacemaker Inc. and all the people that rely on the pacemaker to survive. In the end, the board of directors felt it would immoral to discontinue the production of the transistor and they even made it more efficient. Keywords: utility test, moral dilemma, greater good After examining the case of the sole remaining supplier corporation’s story, utilitarian theory plays a significant role in decision making...
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