...Personality traits are describes person’s stable patterns of how they think, feel, or behave. They were useful for the description, prediction and explanation about person’s typical behavior. Big Five Factor Test and Catell’s 16 Personality Factor Test are the most common tests that used to measure personality traits. I took two of them to see my personality traits. Firstly, I took the Big Five Factor Test that was measure (O) Openness, (C) Conscientiousness, (E) Extraversion, (A) Agreeableness, and (N) Neuroticism and each traits includes more specific traits. The language of the test was very easy, it doesn’t include any scientific word but there are some sentences that are not clear and I’m hesitated about what does it means. For example, “I often feel blue” because the test doesn’t explain what does it mean by saying feel blue....
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...various personalities together and forming him and her in to a team of hardworking individuals. As a part of the company’s new strategic plan management is adding a new department to enter a particular market segment. To successful manage the new market division and efficiently accomplish organizational goals, a successful leader must develop a leadership approach for each team member based on the theories of leadership and each member’s individual personalities. As a new manager, this paper will consist of a strategic plan that will lead the team in meeting organizational goals and expectations successfully as a team as well as evaluating each team member, including management. The paper will also assess the position in regard to urgency and culture, and determine the leadership approaches, based on the team, and the situation as well as highlight the principle applied from various leadership theories. Evaluating Personality Traits The first step in the plan is to analyzing each team member’s, including myself, on the 16-Type Personality test. The 16 personality types described with Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI). Extroversion verses Introversion, Sensing verses Intuition, Thinking verses Feeling, and Perceiving verses Judging (Cherry, 2013). The test will assist me as a manager in developing a leadership approach for each team member on the marketing team and develop him or her into a team that can work efficiently together. From the results of the Jungian 16-Type...
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...Have you ever wondered what your personality traits say about you? I have, so I took a personality test online from 16personalities.com and was told I am an INFJ. The “I” stands for introverted, the NF stands for an inborn sense of idealism and morality, but what sets me apart is my accompanying judging (J) trait. My personality type in known as “The Advocate.” My personality type is rare, it makes up less than one percent of the population, nonetheless leaves a mark on the world. INFJs aren’t idle dreamers, but take concrete steps to realize their goals and make a lasting positive impact (16 personalities). Some personality traits that best describe me from the results of the test are: soft-spoken, imaginative, extremely private, perfectionist,...
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...Five Personality Leadership Dimensions August 15, 2015 Five Personality Leadership Dimensions Many of us were initially taught that leaders are born with a unique set of inherent traits and if you lack those traits at birth then your destiny is to be a follower. Later, we discovered within our job searches that multiple organizations require various styles of leadership. However, numerous corporations are utilizing “The Big Five Personality Traits” along with other supplements to determine which candidates would be the best fit for a specific job position. The Big Five Personality Traits consist of five key dimensions with characteristic behaviors measured along a continuum which is listed below (Smith, 2015 p.1): 1) Openness: measures your level of creativity and desire for knowledge or new experiences. 2) Conscientiousness: will measure your organizational skills, along with ability to make plans and follow them through. 3) Extraversion/Introversion: this dimension will measure sociability, outgoingness and your energy level within a crowd. 4) Agreeableness: this dimension looks at your level of empathy, friendliness and kindness toward other individuals. 5) Neuroticism: measures your levels of anxiety, irritability, temperament and emotional stability. Therefore, having an understanding of your personality traits prior to searching and accepting a leadership position would be highly beneficial and predictable of your happiness within an organization...
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...Learning Perspective The Learning Perspective Personality psychology is the branch of psychology that studies people personality and their individual different. Personality refers to the person cognition, emotions, motivations, and behaviors people will use in different situation. This also refers to patter of thought and social behaviors especially over time. Your personality it is something that changed over time and adjusts and transform, it is the way the brain used mechanism and adapt to a new environment, it also predicts people reaction to situation. Carl Jung say that each person is motivate not only by experience but also the emotional, he understood that everything that a person can be and how a person is motivate is through the emotion an individual will experiences. In this paper we will discuss the assumptions, the strengths, the limitations, and the interpersonal relations using the perspective. The assumption/ Social Learning We all understand that personality is a broad and has a lot of history associated with it, it also understood all the major theory such as biological, the social learning, humanistic, evolutionary, perspective, behaviorist, and the psychodynamic. The assumption of the learning perspective is all behaviors are learning through the experience the individual goes through. This perspective see people being born as a blank slate, they don’t see that a person can be born with a personality structure (carver and Scheier)”. Now there are biological...
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...According to trait theory, human personality is composed of a number of broad traits or dispositions. Gordon Allport identified more than 4,000 words in the English language that could be used to describe personality traits. Later, Raymond Cattell reduced it first to 171 and then to 16 personality factors using elimination and statistical techniques. According to Cattell, there is a continuum of personality traits. In other words, each person contains all of these 16 traits to a certain degree, but they might be high in some traits and low in others. The following personality trait list describes some of the descriptive terms used for each of the 16 personality dimensions described by Cattell. 1.Warmth: Outgoing vs reserved 2.Reasoning: Abstract vs concrete 3.Emotional Stability: Calm vs high strung 4.Dominance: Forceful vs submissive 5. Liveliness: Spontaneous vs restrained 6.Rule Consciousness: Conforming vs non-conforming 7.Social Boldness: Uninhibited vs shy 8.Sensitivity: Tender-hearted vs tough-minded 9.Vigilance: Suspicious vs trusting 10. Abstractedness: Imaginative vs practical 11.Privateness: Discreet vs open 12.Apprehension: Worried vs confident 13.Openness to Change: Flexible vs attached to the familiar 14. Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient vs dependent 15. Perfectionism: Controlled vs undisciplined .16.Tension: Impatient vs relaxed Cattell also developed an assessment based on these 16 personality factors. The test is known as the 16 PF Personality...
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...at SciVerse ScienceDirect The Leadership Quarterly journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/leaqua Personality predictors of leadership styles and the self–other agreement problem Reinout E. de Vries ⁎ VU University Amsterdam, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Whereas it has been acknowledged that personality plays an important role in leader emergence and effectiveness, most studies have shown weak relations between personality and leadership styles. In this study, it is argued that one of the reasons for this lack of association may lie in the low level of self–other agreement among leaders and subordinates. In this study both leaderand subordinate ratings of leader personality and leadership styles are employed to inspect the relations between HEXACO Honesty–Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness on the one hand and Ethical, Charismatic, Supportive, and Task-oriented leadership on the other. Using an instrumental variable procedure, strong direct effects of Honesty–Humility on Ethical leadership, Extraversion on Charismatic leadership, Agreeableness on Supportive leadership, and Conscientiousness on Task-oriented leadership were observed. The results imply that the relatively weak relations between personality and leadership styles in previous studies are mainly due to relatively low levels of self–other agreement....
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.......................................................................................................... 2 Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Definition of Personality ................................................................................................................. 4 How We Measure Personality ........................................................................................................ 4 Personality Determinants ................................................................................................................ 5 Personality Traits ............................................................................................................................ 5 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ...................................................................................................... 5 The Big Five Personality Model ................................................................................................. 6 Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB ................................................................................. 7 Personality and National Culture .................................................................................................... 8...
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...Theoretical Approaches Susan McKee PSY/405 Theories of Personality July 29, 2013 Les Binnix Theoretical Approaches In the world of psychology there are numerous personality theories. Many people have heard of Maslow with the hierarchy of needs or the dispositional theories with types and traits. Both of these theories attempts to understand and explain human thoughts and behaviors through different perspectives. The focus of this paper is to compare and contrast these two different theories. Humanistic and existential theory of personality looks at the individual in a holistic and optimistic manner; this includes Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rodger's theory of self. The dispositional theories started with a comprehensive definition of personality by Gordon Allport and went on to the investigations of thousands of descriptive words dealing with personality characteristics. Measurements of these characteristics led to the big five or the five factor theory. Both of these major theories are complex, optimistic, and help increase understanding of personalities through different lenses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the personality characteristics attributed to these theories, explain the interpersonal relational aspect associated, and describe the role of personality in affecting situational behavior. Humanistic and existential theory of personality. The humanistic and existential theory of personality is also known as the "Third Force" within psychology...
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...initiative to find whether the congruence of individual personality and brand personality influence the buying behaviour favorably Abstract This study is conducted on students of xxxxx University to test the hypothesis (does the congruence of individual personality and brand personality influence the buying behaviour favourably?). The results would describe if an individual’s personality similar to that of the brand will result in preference for that brand in purchasing decisions. The study is conducted in two phases using Aaker’s- 5 brand personality description/model. In the first phase, factor analysis has been used in grouping the attributes given by the sample population for the cell phone brands, under one of the five personality types. In the second phase a structured questionnaire is employed to understand the sample population’s personality and their choice of cell phone brand if all the three brands offer a model with same features and at the same cost. Keywords Brand personality, individual personality, sources of brand personality Introduction Over forty years of research in marketing (Levy 1959; Martineau 1958) has shown that the perceptions and associations consumers have about brands go beyond their functional attributes and benefits, and include non-functional, symbolic qualities, often referred to as “brand image.” Among these aspects of brand image are perceptions and associations about the brand's “personality,” the “set of human-like characteristics associated...
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...Personality Applied Final Project Table of Contents Title Page Number Chapter 1 Introduction to Personality 3-5 Chapter 2 The Trait Theory 6-8 Chapter 3 Personality Disorders 9-11 Chapter 4 The Behavioral Perspective 12-14 Chapter 5 The Humanistic Approach 15-17 Personal Reflection 16- 21 References 22-23 Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Source: https://www.introtopsych.com/tools/oc/Bo/introtopsych/BWLKeogmGK Websites: Website #1 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/persintro.html This website encompasses the meaning of personality and the theories that support. It defines it as being what makes us an individual; what separates us from others. It describes it as a way to compare and categorize people. Such as some are introverts as others are extroverts; some are neurotic while others simply are not. Personality is of great interest to researchers. Researchers want to know why people are the way they are; “how they are put together”. It goes further into briefly discussing different theories of personality, how they came about, and faults in those theories. The writing states that the theorist were influenced by their current time and culture which help to depict the basis for their theories. For example, ethnocentrism; Freud went completely opposite of what the culture at his time influenced. In Europe in the 1800’s to talk about “sex” would be taboo, people...
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...The Individual Some psychological charactaristics Figure 3.1 Sources of personality Figure 3.2 Stability of personality characteristics Source: adapted from Mischel 1977 Idiographic Personality Theory: the Psychodynamic Perspective Figure 3.3 Freud’s conceptualisation of the structure of personality Figure 3.6 Hierarchical arrangement of bipolar constructs Trait Theory Figure 3.7 Cattell’s 16 personality factors Trait Theory (Continued) Figure 3.7 Cattell’s 16 personality factors (Continued) Jung’s Type Theory Figure 3.8 Jung’s personality types Eysenck’s Type Theory Figure 3.9 ‘Eysenck’s personality types’ Source: Eysenck, HJ (1965) Fact and Fiction in Psychology (pub Penguin Books Ltd), copyright © HJ Eysenck 1965 A Definition of Perception An active mental process which involves the selection, organisation, structuring and interpretation of information in order to make inferences and give meaning to the information Figure 4.1 The basic perceptual process Figure 4.2 The contrast principle Source: Organizational Behavior, 5th Edn by D Hellriegal, JW Slocum and RW Woodman, © 1989. Reprinted with permission of South-Western College Publishing, a division of Thomas Learning Figure 4.3 Figure-to-ground effect Figure 4.10 An impossible shape Figure 4.11 Analysis by synthesis (adapted from Neisser 1976) A Definition of Stereotyping Attributing to a person qualities...
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...Andria Atkinson BCOM University of Phoenix Career Competency Essay No matter where you are geographically or chronologically there is no one way a person, or for that matter people, will react to outside stimuli. People are different everywhere. Although the “experts” think that people are grouped into one of 16 different personalities that share some of the characteristics. Most of us have heard about Type A and Type B personalities. I propose that we all have variations of both Type A and Type B personalities. I will go even further and say that most of us are a mixture of those 16 different personality traits. Some we are born with, some have been taught to us. The results of my competencies will prove that I am like everyone else am a mixture of those personality types. According to the competency results my overwhelming vitality is my capability to adapt to change. I believe this shows great strength. That means that I can change gears easily and focus on multiple things simultaneously. In other words, I can connect the dots on a lot projects at once. That trait can translate into almost any career path. Another outstanding trait that I possess is being innovative. That means that on top of being able to adapt to change, I can also come up with new solutions to todays’ and maybe even some of tomorrow’s problems. Who knows, I could invent a new gadget that could change the way the next century operates daily. The competency results show that I...
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...Running head: Leadership Theories Leadership Theories Latrina George Amberton University April 30, 2014 Leadership Theories Overview What makes a great leader? Are there certain skills or common traits good leaders possess that others don’t? What makes a leader stand out? These questions have fascinated humans throughout history. There have been many studies about leadership and a host of researchers and philosophers have tackled this subject and published their findings. Much of the interest in leadership started around the beginning of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories primarily focused on identifying qualities that distinguished leaders from followers. Subsequent leadership theories addressed more of the leadership skills. This paper is an overview of eight leadership theories that incorporate both germinal and current research and findings. Great Man Theory The Great Man Theory evolved around the 19th century (1847 – 1960). This theory asserts that leaders are born – not made and that leadership skills and attributes are inherited. While there were many historians who supported the Great Man Theory, it is Thomas Carlyle, a commentator and historian, who has been most associated with this theory. Carlyle stated, “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” Carlyle and others like him felt that history was directly influenced by great men and heroes and their leadership characteristics. (Great Man Theory, n.d., para. 1) There are...
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...Personality Paper Melissa Hammond PSY/211 September 22, 2014 Jessica King Personality Paper Personality refers to an individuals’ unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or her environment. Both personality and situational factors play a role in determining each individuals’ behavior. Personality is incorporated in many activities such as: A persons choices of leisure activities, political perspectives, aesthetic tastes, and Lifestyles. Scientists are unsure whether personality is a learned trait or whether it can be genetically passed on from family member to family member; there may be a possibility that both are true. Today, psychologists have identified four perspectives of personality. (Holmes) Understanding Trait perspective, researchers believe they can better comprehend the differences between individuals. Trait personality is determined by a number of set, relatively unchanging traits. Some theorists believe that there are thousands of different traits that make up human personality. Raymond Cattell’s theory identified 16 personality traits that he believed could be utilized to understand and measure individual differences in personality. Where as Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: Introduced the big five theory, which identifies five key dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to experience, 4) conscientiousness and 5) agreeableness. Socio-cognitive theorists argue that personalities...
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