...Learning perspectives Perspective refers to the choice made based on a situation, from which one can measure experience and form a logical belief. Basically, it means a specific point of view in comprehending things. There are diverse theoretical opinions on learning which are related to different learning perspectives. Perspectives can be distinguished socially according to dialectical, socio-cultural and hermeneutic theories. The dialectical perspective maintains that individual learning occurs as a process of changing participation in groups (Stahl, 1998). It explains that learners keenly process data and learning occurs through their own efforts. Here, new views are linked to old ones and relationships between different views are found. According to the Gestalt theories, the key fundamentals of learning are intuition, perception and meaning and the learner was seen as a perceptual individual (Cooper). Dialectical theories are quite different but they are all united by the fact that the learner’s internal mental processes are continually progressing. The socio-cultural view emphasizes that for one to understand learning, they should focus on the social practices that make up ethos since learning is culturally shared (Stahl, 1998). This perspective largely focuses on human interaction. It suggests that learning occurs though analytical and social interactions with other people and through them the principles and norms of societies are learnt. This perspective...
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...Learning Perspectives Lynnette Sharrer Grand Canyon University EDU 313 N June 3, 2012 Learning perspectives can be generalized into three groups; cognitive psychology, behaviorism, and social cognitive theory. The main focus of learning differs between the three perspectives, but they are similar in some ways and complement each other, which helps teachers build successful learning classrooms. According to Omrod (2011, pg. 356), “Diverse perspectives of learning often complement, rather than contradict, one another, and together, they give us a richer, more multifaceted picture of human learning than any single perspective can give us by itself.” All three perspectives can help teachers provide valuable lessons for student achievement and motivation to succeed. A brief description of the three learning perspectives and what a classroom with each perspective may look like, including lesson plans with the different perspectives is outlined in this essay. Cognitive psychology studies mental processes; how people think, perceive, learn, and remember. Cognitive psychology focuses on how people acquire, process, and store information. An internal mental phenomenon may or may not be reflected in behavior is how learning is defined, according to Omrod (2011). In cognitive psychology, new information and knowledge occurs from experiences. An important aspect of cognitive psychology is constructivism. Constructivism in theory is how learners construct knowledge from experiences...
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...Learning Perspectives Melissa Kryston Grand Canyon University: EDU-313N Educational Psychology July 13th, 2014 Everyone learns differently. How do we determine what type of learner someone is? This is determined by the teaching method in which they retain the most information. There is more to learning than whether or not someone is a fast or slow learner. There are several different intelligences that as a teacher will have to be addressed in a single lesson plan. This is not always the easiest task unless you know what styles you are dealing with. Most fall into three basic categories. Some people are not capable of memorizing information and regurgitating it later. For some, that is the best way to retain information. Then there are the busy bodies that cannot sit still long enough to retain any information. These of course are rough explanations of visual, auditory and kinesthetic learners respectively. How do you address all learning perspectives in a lesson on the book “Stone Soup”? Visual learners are the eyes of the learning world. They have to see why and how something works versus just being told that it works. These people usually go on to careers such as Architecture. Seeing it written out will click for them over an auditory explanation alone. These tend to be easier to teach in areas such as science, math and art due to the diversity of activities that can be created for a lesson plan. If a visual learner were to gain as much information as they could from the...
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...Learning Perspectives Jacquelyn Johnson Grand Canyon University Learning Perspectives When you start to discuss how and when learning take place, you often refer to the educational theories of behavioral, constructivism, and cognitive. Education cannot operate without psychology because of the way people learn through various dimensions and learning perspectives. They are good for a teacher because they help with knowing where to begin in applying the learning process. They also can guide the teacher to know what to predominately expect from the incoming students. Here you learn about the behavioral, constructivism, and the cognitive theories and how they can be used in the classroom through activities and lessons. The behavioral theory expresses the approach of learning through experiences with reinforcements and penalties. For example, when someone is given money to for working, it is likely that person will return to work the next day to continue getting paid. However, this theory discontinues learning. In fact, according to Atherton (2011) “simply reinforcing every instance of desired behavior is just bribery, not the promotion of learning.” Nevertheless, behaviorists believe there is a time and place where this theory is helpful in the classroom. Teachers can use this theory in the classroom effectively when teaching rules and regulations. The theory works best with information that is straight forward with little room to be flexible. For example, in a classroom...
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...Perspective is being able to see things in someone's point of view. In my opinion, perspective is the foremost crucial habit to learn. Although a person can completely understand a situation until faced with it. My mother used to use perspective in her daily life, which highly impacted my development with perspective throughout her career at Job Path. Job Path is a nonprofit organization that helps unemployed people to be able to find jobs in Pima County. She had to view each of the client's positions. She also has to know if the client had a college degree and in what major to be able to help a client in advancing into a successful career. This has helped me to understand a person's personal situation more clearly. Learning perspective is...
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...Bryan M. Mitchell Business 499 SLP 4 TUIU Jim Beam Learning and Growth Perspective Objective: Encourage new employee training and refresher training for process improvements. Measure: Jim Beam can ensure new employees are on board with proper processes within the company and also annual refresher training will keep the processes fresh. Target: 80% Action: The training overall ensures that every employee knows the proper way of improving any process and how to create a profitable atmosphere within Jim Beam. Relationship: This objective relates to improving cost structure from SLP 1. By keeping the process fresh in the minds of all employees it cuts down on the possible mistakes that could take place with the lack of proper processes. Objective: Implement new technological production strategies. Measure: Instead of keeping with the same technology that has been successful for the last ten years or so, try to improve the technology. Target: 75% . Action: Improving technology inside the company can help with production, training, and profit margins. Implementing a new program that could make things easier or faster can reduce the turnaround time it takes to produce the products. Relationship: This objective does not really relate to any other objective other than improving cost or technology to ensure overall company improvement. Objective: Introduce management improvement training. Measure: In...
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...Education The classroom harbors individuals with comprehensive distinct challenges. It is the teacher’s responsibility to be observant of each learner’s needs in context with the community in which they live. The African philosophy of kindness, community and compassion forms the basis for this. In the following essay, the broad, dynamic framework of African philosophy will be explored as well as the ways in which this philosophy can be used to assist a withdrawn, unconfident learner. What is the African philosophy? African philosophy can be traced as far back as the days of the Ancient Egyptians. It was a reaction to the difficulties in Africa caused by the rule of the Western thought. It was a fight for an African identity. In Western philosophy, the individual is the greater focus, however in African philosophy the focus is on the community. Tradition and culture also form an important part of this framework of education. There are 4 types of African philosophy. Ethnic philosophy This is a “holistic” approach and considers the “whole” involvement of human beings. This is an important approach to implement in the classroom. To take a “holistic” approach with each learner would be to consider the child’s age, background, culture, emotional and physical needs. It is also essential to consider the learner’s past experiences. Only once all this information is in place can a teacher do further investigations as to why a child is withdrawn. While ethnic...
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...Decision making model is an important tool for the business world. "Decision making models are all about making good judgments." This tool is very important that develops management and leadership skills. "I also understand that for some people decision making can be a problem ,but that does not mean that they are the same thing ." Also, it helps people to improve on their decision making skills."The techniques in this section help you to make the best decisions possible with the information you have available." Each step of this model is to ensure you make the best decision possible for any issue. The above steps are useful in solving many types of problems. Success is the main goal you expect to see as your resolution of the problem. During the summer of 2007, I was in the process of moving out my apartment. My problem was I needed a place to stay for my senior year in college. I had received a nice refund on my financial aid but not enough to get my own apartment. My options were to stay with a family member or look for some people that needed a roommate for their apartment. Another option would to be to get a part-time job to be able to get my own apartment. The only problem is I have a difficult time trying to work and go to school at the same time. While I was making my final decision, I decided to stay at best friend's house for the summer. I talk to all my friends that stay nearby the campus. They had no vacancies and the college's fall semester...
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...Learning Perspective and Lesson Plans Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov who discovered that animals as well as people can be conditioned to respond to a stimulus when the stimulus is not always present. Today its implications extend further to dissolving inappropriate responses and helping with the education of students. Under this section there are two methods to use: (1) present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus thus causing the conditioned response to disappear and (2) use counter-conditioning, more desirable responses are conditioned to offset the inappropriate conditioned responses (Utexas.edu). Students should actually look forward to learning and doing the homework instead of dreading it (Utexas.edu). Some familiar classical conditioning responses in a classroom include: (1) the teacher entering the room and the students becoming quiet. (2) The teacher begins the lesson and the students have their pencil and paper ready. Previously, the teacher had to instruct the students in both situations on how to get ready for the class. After repeated instruction the students begin to perform the actions automatically without the teacher having to speak to them. Skinner is the founder of operant conditioning which involves the subject performing an action and then experiencing a consequence. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment are found under this type of learning perspective (Utexas.edu). According to...
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...During the past month or so, we have discussed several perspectives on learning such as Behavioural, Developmental, Psychodynamic, socio-cultural and humanist perspectives. Behaviourism has been an influential theory in educational psychology. Behaviourism was based on the belief that behaviours can be measured, trained and changed. Developmental perspectives is concerned with child development. Psychodynamic perspectives is concerned with the development of ‘self’. It is primarily a study of factors that may affect a child’s behaviour and development such as childhood experiences affecting emotions and behaviour as adults and the various conflicts throughout childhood that affect overall personality. Socio-cultural perspectives studies learning...
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...Managing teacher education and in-service programs: Learning styles perspective Urban schools and minority students. It is possible that the quality of teaching is inadequate only in urban schools attended by poor children who are members of minority groups. In a family with three or more children, one will do well, another will perform adequately and another will be bored or frustrated on an almost daily basis. • Special education and need for in-service. Parents are led to believe that special education is a legitimate classification for students who are unable to learn. But if future teachers were being taught to identify and teach to their student’s learning styles during their initial training, the need for frequent retraining would be drastically diminished. • Lack of student discipline and/or motivation. It is often said that students are not as well disciplined or as highly motivated as students used to be. Motivation is not biologically imposed; it results from students’ experiences and interests. Teachers who are unable to motivate and teach their students need to learn how to do so. • Children taking prescription medications. Physicians may not understand that active and nonconforming children learn differently from the way passive, conforming children do. Parents allow their active children to be drugged because they are unaware that their children can learn; that traditional instructional approaches are not responsive to how their children learn. • Cultural...
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...To evaluate this statement we first need to define what the mechanistic and learning approach is. Then define exactly what organisational learning is and what impact the characteristics of the mechanistic approach will have on it. The two approaches involve theories and models about the adaptability and the learning skills of organizations. Bureaucracies clearly lack these characteristics in comparison to other approaches. The mechanistic approach operates the organisation in the same way a machine operates - efficient, specialised, reliable, predictable, logical and with no opinions (has no heart). The model which refers to this approach would be the Taylor model (Taylorism - 21st century scientific management). Frederick Winslow Taylor was a mechanical engineer who strived to improve industrial efficiency. He was a pioneer in the field of scientific management. The Taylor model consists of 4 components. 'Division of labour' where responsibility is shifted from worker to manager. 'One best way' where the scientific methods determine the most efficient way to operate. 'Scientific selection and training' which means the best person is selected depending on experience and qualifications. They are trained to work as efficiently as possible. Finally, 'monitor performance' where operations and performance is observed and monitored through an organisational hierarchy and through supervision. This basic concept further developed into Fordism and finally into TQM. The...
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...struggle to encourage organisational learning. Critically evaluate this statement in relation to the Mechanistic and Learning perspectives. Brocka and Brocka (1992, pg.2) suggests that organisations are “revolutionary compared to the strict, hierarchical, authoritarian organisations that existed in the past”. Mechanistic and bureaucratic organisations follow the same traits where the structure is needed for “efficiency, conformity and compliance” (Spencer, 1994, pg.448). The revolutionary aspect to organisations is shown by introducing learning into the organisation promoting the development for “searching for information, assimilating, developing and creating new knowledge on product, processes, and services” Wang and Ellinger (2011, pg.512). According to Sun and Scott (2003 pg.202) “the terminologies organizational learning and learning organization were once used interchangeably. However, in the mid-1990s there was a bifurcation into two streams” for the purpose of this assignment the terms learning organisation and organisational learning will be used on an interchangeable purpose. This assignment will show a clear definition of mechanistic, bureaucratic and organisational learning structures of organisations. By using my personal experience, examples and the use of case studies, then linking to relevant theories an argument will be made whether mechanistic and bureaucratic organisations struggle to encourage organisational learning. A traditional structure is one...
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...We live in a continuously changing world. It has become very important to know about these changes as well as adopt them in our lives. Also the application of this knowledge in terms of work and daily activities has become important. The question is from where and how do we keep up with this changing world? The only way is learning, keeping yourself aware and updated of these changes. One of the major sources that can lead to knowledge is how and where do we learn. The answer is schools which are an important source of knowledge. It is important that schools provide students the newest of information and keep themselves updated, only then can they help their student to do so. With the growing economical changes and job opportunities students feel that higher education had become more and more important. With a wide range of students graduating and tough competition, there is comparatively less job opportunities in the job market. Getting a job after graduation is easier stated than done. (Kiran Mirchandani, 2008). At one of my previous job I remember one of my colleagues mentioned that he had received over 150 applications for an assistant position within 3 hours after the job was posted. Employers need to weed out good applicants from dozens of students that apply for the same job. Distinguishing by degree is a quick and simple way of doing that. (Kiran Mirchandani, 2008). Schooling system has changed with the changing economy. The expectations and routines that...
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...In this paper, this author will be writing about the different perspectives of motivational learning. Though there are several views, this paper will focus on four in particular theories, which will include Behaviorism, Cognitive, Humanistic and Sociocultural perspectives and this paper will compare and differentiate the difference of these perspectives. Motivational Behavioral Perspective of Learning According to Huitt, (2011), he describes the Motivational Behavioral Perspective of Learning as “elicited by stimulus associated/connected to innately connected stimulus and obtain desired, pleasant consequences (rewards) or escape/avoid undesired, unpleasant consequences”. In other words, Behavior is the response to stimulus, it has been suggested that all behavior is learned from the environmental conditioning factor (McLeod, 2013). According to McLeod (2013), it is further implied that “Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotions”. To further explain this theory this author would have to say that from the behavioral viewpoint motivational learning is the result to the individuals surrounding and upbringing. The individual surrounding and environment that the person is subjected to is the stipulation that frames the persons motivation to learn. People can also be motivated to learn based on specific ways that they receive praise and rewards from their community. For instance, McLeod (2013) states...
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