...Intro: What is a courtier? -How does the discussion start, and what does it turn into? -Who is mainly speaking in the text? And talk about how they question each other * P1: bring up the question about how readers depict the different purposes of the courtier * Different views( the book is a practical guidebook on how to become a courtier, philosophical discussion and not a guidebook) * Could there be alternative views * P2:If you’re looking at it from the discussion and manner of the actual courtiers conversing in the book VS. what the courtiers believe the ideal courtier is. * P3: standing for the first viewpoint of (looks at the book as a whole instead of what is discussed in the book * How the characters in the book act, because they are courtiers themselves * How would someone use the book as a practical guidebook * Doing what the characters in the book are doing * P4 (looking at it from the second viewpoint) as if the ideal courtier could never be acheieved by someone * Counter argurments in the book * Everyone has a different idea of what’s perfect. * Talk about the difficulty in trying to achieve perfection * P5 my viewpoint: it could be both depending on how you look at the book. * I agree with the first viewpoint but I also find it absurd that someone would use this book as a way to become the gentlemen that is a courtier * I think that the second viewpoint is more focused on how the courtiers describing the...
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...During the revival of the Renaissance, European literature started to show a transition of values into a more individualistic manner. Authors such as Baldassare Castiglione and Geoffrey Chaucer emphasized on, “... how individuals act and how their actions may impress their peers, rather than with the intrinsic moral values of those actions,”(388) through their works, “The Book of the Courtier” and “The Canterbury Tales.” In “The Book of the Courtier,” Castiglione speaks about the qualities that make the well-rounded person. Castiglione created a shift from feudal and Christian educational ideals and created a program for the development of the mind and body, also emphasizing manners rather than morals to impress your peers. The first attribute...
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...in addition to humanist ethics, the concepts expressed in The Prince can be easily explained. Machiavelli’s advice on how a prince should strive to appear to his subjects aligns almost perfectly with humanist values. In theory humanists placed importance on individual virtue and betterment, but oftentimes the mere appearance of such qualities was the true desire. The Book of the Courtier and The Prince are both books about power dynamics in Renaissance Italy. One focuses almost entirely on gaining power while the other is largely about maintaining it, but their basic ideas about the appearance which one must keep were the eerily similar. If a courtier was not a good writer he should “take pains to suppress his work, to avoid...
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...Mark Imber Cultures 292 The Courtier – Response to Question 2 In the times of the Renaissance there were distinct social levels throughout the hierarchy of the Roman culture. Through this hierarchy there were dukes, serfs, peasants, aristocrats, and one specific group called “courtiers”. The book written by, Baldesar Castiglione, The Courtier helps define exactly what this social class consisted of. This book highlights many of the areas in which one would need to excel at to be considered better than an average man, and on his way to becoming a courtier. The main idea that being a courtier stems from is that of a universal man, or known during the Renaissance, “unos universal”. This was the idea of a man who was able to be proficient in activities across the board including math, sports, music, looks and so forth. Throughout, The Courtier two men discuss and argue what exactly it means to be a courtier. Through this discussion they are creating a broad set of guidelines to teach others how to be a courtier, and a gentlemen of Rome. I think that through the entirety of this book the main message that Castiglione is trying to get across is what exactly does it take to become a courtier. Throughout the book there are countless instances where it has specific guidelines as to what it means to be a courtier. “But to come to some particulars: … true profession of the Courtier must be that of arms” (Castiglione 24). This is one instance in the book where it gives a particular aspect...
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...The Book of the Courtier and The Prince were books that explained how to be a Prince, a Courtier, or a well-rounded man. Castiglione and Machiavelli were Florentine and grew up in the same time but they ended up on different sides of the spectrum. They both wrote their books during the same time during the Renaissance. Both were well educated for their time and they were the beginning of the emergence of the middle class. Growing up both their families had money and freedom that allowed them to become educated and enabled them to achieve their own success. Machiavelli and Castiglione believed in your own arms, meaning they will do what they have to do with their military to stay strong as a country. Castiglione and Machiavelli had some similarities but most things were very different. Machiavelli and Castiglione believe that the Prince and Courtier should appear good but Machiavelli believed that doing evil to achieve goals was perfectly fine. Castiglione believed in human potential and the ability of a man to improve himself. Machiavelli believed that the end result is all that mattered and how you got there...
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...fourth book called “Removal of Thorns” contains thirteen chapters. This book discusses about the ways on how to deal with different disturbances in order to maintain peace and order in the country. The first thing discussed in this book is about the artisans, weavers, washermen, goldsmiths, scavengers, physicians, and musicians. Different rules and regulations are given to them that would allow them to have a peaceful encounter with the people. These are to be followed to be able to maintain orderliness in the country. Discussed in this book as well are the rules to be followed by merchants. With these rules implemented, peace would be observed in the country. Also, because of natural calamities such as fire, floods, diseases, famine, rats,...
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...as etiquette has served as a code of social behavior for centuries, starting with the nobles, and the idea of ladies, gentlemen courtier. Although few people think of etiquette at any time except on the occasion of their wedding, we all however mostly practice it every day, often as a matter of routine. Though formal and elaborate manners have always been required for life in the Royal Court, but are these ideas of ladies and gentlemen an out dated notion, or do more people than you would think still believe in this way of life. When considering the definitions of a lady or gentlemen, you would most likely thing of a lady as a well-mannered and considerate woman with high standards of proper behavior, and a gentleman as a man of gentle or noble birth or superior social position, or something very similar to the definition of a lady. Etiquette as we think of it was established in the Versailles court of French King Louis XIV. There was a large circle of courtiers, ladies and gentlemen whose main occupation was hanging around the court, attending balls and ballets, dining, and looking fabulous (Marly, D, 1987). Over time however very specific rules of behavior were developed, which in large part may have evolved from the fact that the ladies and gentlemen of the court had no specific occupations, other than being courtiers. In The Book of the Courtier, a courtier’s goal is to be a...
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...& Gentleman Ladies and Gentlemen or should I say women vs. men in today society. Well rounded, what does this really mean to people? Some people believed the woman are more well rounded and men and vise versa. There is different definition for people being well rounded. I believe the well rounded people are well planned, work hard, balanced, set goals and are skilled and capable of doing more than one thing. They are the jack of all trades. There will be a discussion on the comments people made about what they think well rounded people are and the book of the Courtier by Baldassare and what they feel well rounded people were consider to be. Show a different in studies done on men vs. women in all aspects in being consisted well rounded. In the book of Courtier by Baldassare described the perfect well rounded man or woman, whose education and deportment is best, fashioned to serve the prince. The first two books debate the qualities of ideal gentlemen. The goal was to be a completely well-rounded person. The ideal person must be a solider not only mastering the martial arts but demonstrating absolute bravery and loyalty. Must be liberal education including Latin and Greek French and Spanish. The well rounded person must be able to draw, appreciate the arts and excel in dance and music. Over the entire well-rounded person must demonstrate certain gracefulness, dignity in all things. The ideal person must is a construction of absolute artifice. The perfect person...
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...plague infecting northern European politics, originating in Italy, and having first infected France. It was in this context that the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572 in Paris came to be seen as a product of Machiavellianism, a view greatly influenced by the Huguenot Innocent Gentillet, who published his Discours contre Machievel in 1576, which was printed in ten editions in three languages over the next four years.[3] Gentillet held, quite wrongly according to Sydney Anglo, that Machiavelli's "books [were] held most dear and precious by our Italian and Italionized [sic] courtiers" in France (in the words of his first English translation), and so (in Anglo's paraphrase) "at the root of France's present degradation, which has culminated not only in the St Bartholemew massacre but the glee of its perverted admirers".[4] In fact there is little trace of Machiavelli in French writings before the massacre, not that politicians telegraph their intentions in writing, until Gentillet's own book, but this concept was seized upon by many contemporaries, and played a crucial part in setting the long-lasting popular concept of Machiavellianism.[5] The English playwrights William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe were enthusiastic proponents of this view. Shakespeare's Gloucester, later...
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...are: mode1. Cross-border when South African citizen purchase a ticket online (IT services), mode2. Consumption abroad which has result after person has moved abroad as tourists to consume the respective services and mode4. Movement of natural persons that has accrued when person have had attended business meeting in NZ. In other words this mode can be described as supplying by nationals of one member in the territory of another, requiring the physical presence of the service provider in the host country or skilled worker using his services in another country. b. Trade between the countries, economic cooperation, expansion of communications, international division of labour bear in itself notable mutual benefits for trading courtiers. The world economy is a result of economic interaction and integration. To penetrate into an essence of economic relations between the different countries, it is necessary to highlight the most common factor that would result in trade. The gravity model, in its basic form, assumes that only size and distance are important for trade in the following way: Tij = A x Yi x Yj /Dij • where Tij is the value of trade between country i and country j A is a constant Yi the GDP of country i Yj is the GDP of country j Dij is the distance between country i and country j (Krugman et al.,2012) However there are other factors that should be considered in trade, such cultural similarities and common borders. Let’s...
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...lax in morals. His father had several children by another woman, and his grandfather's lawless behavior led to the top two floors of the Loyola castle being demolished by order of the crown. Iñigo hardly knew his mother, Marina Saenz de Licona. As was the custom of the time, “A few days after his birth Iñigo was handed over to a wet-nurse, Maria de Garin, wife of the blacksmith living in a cottage a few miles from Loyola.” He was in Maria’s care until he was between one and two years old. His mother, Marina died when Iñigo was still a child. His father, Don Beltrán Yañez de Oñaz y Loyola, died when he was sixteen. One of his brothers went on the second voyage of Columbus and another died in battle also far away. Iñigo was raised to be a courtier and diplomat in service to the crown. He...
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...“she fiercely defended her family’s interests and the cities of Imola and Forli” (King 158). Also some aristocratic women generously spent their money to support the arts and helped push forward the Italian Renaissance. Among them, Isabella d’Este was a noticeable patroness. She appeared in the court and was responsible for “festivities and performances, artists, musicians and scholars, libraries filled with elegant volumes”. She herself was well-educated and had high-level art cultivation. Isabella sponsored those artists she appreciated, such as poet Ariosto, Bernardo de Bibbiena, and Giovan Giorgio Trissino. What’s more, she took over her husband’s position shortly after he died. (King 162). A Italian book written in the Renaissance period, called The Book of the courtier (Il libro del cortigiano), stated that: “ No court ‘however great, can have adornment or splendor or gaiety in it without ladies” (King 163). The author Baldassare Castiglione admitted the important and necessary role women played in the court and his positive appraisal to women showed the increasingly social appreciation and respect for female in the Italian...
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...Developing Europe into a powerhouse, the Renaissance marked complete cultural transition of Europe out of the Middle Ages and identified a societal change of values and ideas reflected in the art and literature of the time period; the “rebirth” in Southern Europe, however, differed from Northern Europe. As both the North and South had access to newly printed materials courtesy the printing press, they did share commonality of thought- both supplied predominant Christian artistic themes, had an artistic ‘center’, and provided systems of guilds and patrons. The Southern, or Italian, Renaissance began during the 14th century and “inevitably, trade and commerce brought Italian ideas northward, where they influenced the artistic traditions” beginning the 16th century Northern Renaissance (Benton and DiYanni 53). The South focused on a return to the concept of humanism and revival of idealist, classic Greek and Roman values, but the North focused on the common man and daily realities of life. Centered around Florence then later Rome, aided by the patronage of the Medici family in the Early Renaissance and Popes in the High Renaissance, and inspired by Greek and Roman mythology, the Southern Renaissance movement emphasized humans (their capacities, values and worth). Italian artists made the viewer delve into the inner working of the human mind and their subject matter primarily consisted of gods and goddesses displayed with symmetry, balance, and linear perspective. Known for his goddess...
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...with the logographic Chinese characters known in Japan as kanji. * 3 Kana Scripts: * Man’yogana- (old syllabic) * Katakana- (modern angular) * Hiragana – (modern cursive) * IMPORTANT LITERATURES * Kojiki- ("An Account of Ancient Matters") (711-712) a historical record that also chronicles ancient Japanese mythology and folk songs. * Ō no Yasumaro (Died on August 15, 723) was a Japanese nobleman, bureaucrat, and chronicler. * Empress Genmei (Genmei-tennō 660 – December 29, 721), also known as Empress Genmyō, was the 43rd monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession * Urashima Tarō is a Japanese legend. * Nihon Shoki - sometimes translated as “The Chronicles of Japan”, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. * Fudoki-refer to the oldest records called Kofudoki written in the Nara period. * Rikkokushi-is a general term for Japan's six national histories. * Shoku Nihongi-is an imperially commissioned Japanese history text. B. Classical literature (794–1185) “Heian period” -Golden era of art and Literature. * Kogo Shūi is a historical record of the Inbe clan of Japan written in the early Heian period (794–1185). * IMPORTANT LITERATURES * Genji Monogatari-“The Tale of Genji” (11th Century) considered the pre-eminent masterpiece of Heian fiction and an early example of a work of fiction in the form of a novel. * Kokin Wakashū ("Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times") ...
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...The Renaissance is known as a time of rebirth of thinking, learning, and teaching. One of the main changes associated with this time is the expansion of culture and intellect. It was a time of changes that included new and different ways of gaining knowledge, the general expansion of the sharing of knowledge, and broadened scholastic authority; all of which are exemplified by Galileo Galilei and his works. Galileo is an excellent example of a typical Renaissance astronomer. Prior to the Renaissance, scholar’s blindly followed Aristotle and his works on the philosophy of nature. It wasn’t until the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries that scholars began to challenge the works of Aristotle. This is said to be one of the reasons for which the Renaissance came about. Before the Renaissance, almost all scholar’s were blind followers of Aristotle. His “tried and true” theories were somewhat of a habit and it was easier to have faith in his works rather than challenge the church and the majority of scholars at the time. Fortunately the Renaissance brought along a changed view on education and led to altered ways of thinking. Scholar’s began to use their senses as tools for learning, as well as reason and logic. In Galileo’s case he challenged many of Aristotle’s works, who was the leading philosopher at the time and was also supported by the church. More specifically Galileo rejected Aristotelian theories of motion and was led to create his own theories and publish his laws of motion...
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