...A prefatory question has to be asked in order to assess the role that art has played in the history of Christian public worship: what is art? Or, more specifically, what is categorised as art in the context of the titled task above. In his book ‘Introduction to Christian Worship’, White puts art into two broad categories: Religious and Liturgical. For his definitions of art, White draws on the work of Tillich. He surmises the term Religious art as ‘any art that had a dimension of depth, penetrating beneath superficial observation’. Considered a surmising and not a summary because it would be near impossible to definitively prove art as lacking in depth. In addition, this is partly due to a definition that implies the art under consideration...
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...to joezayed7@gmail.com THE SUNFLOWER SIMON WIESENTHAL THE SUNFLOWER SUPERSUMMARY 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PLOT OVERVIEW 3 CHAPTER SUMMARIES AND ANALYSES 5 Chapter 1 Chapters 2-5 Chapters 6-10 Chapters 11-15 Chapters 16-20 Chapters 21-25 Chapters 26-30 Chapters 31-35 Chapters 36-40 Chapters 41-45 Chapters 46-50 Chapters 51-54 5 8 12 15 20 23 26 29 33 36 39 42 MAJOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS 45 Simon Karl Josek Arthur Adam Bolek Karl’s Mother 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 THEMES 49 SYMBOLS AND MOTIFS 51 COPYRIGHT 2016 THE SUNFLOWER SUPERSUMMARY 2 IMPORTANT QUOTES 53 ESSAY TOPICS 61 COPYRIGHT 2016 THE SUNFLOWER SUPERSUMMARY 3 PLOT OVERVIEW The Sunflower by Simon Wiesenthal is a book of non-fiction. The first section, also titled “The Sunflower,” is an account of Wiesenthal’s experience as a concentration camp prisoner under the Nazi regime. In the account, Wiesenthal describes his life in Poland prior to the German occupation, his experiences of anti-Semitism within the Polish culture, and his life as a concentration camp prisoner. He describes life in the concentration camp, the continuous humiliations, the hunger, the illness, and the constant threat of death. Central to the narrative in “The Sunflower” is the story of Simon being summoned to the deathbed of a young Nazi soldier whom Simon calls Karl and who has been wounded in combat. Karl confesses to Simon...
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...of Evangelism Intellectual Method Summary of Method: The Four Spiritual Laws are a way of sharing the good news of the salvation that is available through faith in Jesus Christ. It is a simple way of organizing the important information in the Gospel into four points. Advantages of Using This Method – This method was developed by Bill Bright in 1957 and can be found in the pamphlet Have You Heard of the Four Spiritual laws. The method is easy to understand and simplifies the gospel to the basics. It can take a simple believer and turn him/her to an evangelist. The Four Laws are (1) God loves us and has a wonderful plan for our life (John 3:16, John 10:10), (2) Man is sinful and separated from God. He can’t know and experience God’s love for his life (Roman 3:23, Romans 6:23), (3) Sin can only be forgiven through Jesus Christ will we know God’s plan for our life (Romans 5:8, 1 Corinthians 15: 3-6, John 14:6), (4) We must receive Jesus Christ individually as Savior and Lord to know and experience his plan for our life (John 1:12), Ephesians 2: 8-9), (John 3:1-8), (Revelation 3:20) There are a few disadvantages to these spiritual laws. The first disadvantage is that the message of the gospel is watered down and this allows a conversion that is too quick. This is not a good idea for non-believers. It also suggests that a person can be saved easily by the prayer of salvation and no other work has to be done. Lifestyle Evangelism Summary of Method Lifestyle evangelism is...
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...of Boring, M. Eugene “Matthew’s Narrative Christology: Three Stories.” Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 64 no 4 (October 2010): 356-67. THEO 510 LUO (Fall 2013) Survey of Theology Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Jermaine L. Andrews (ID# 26089173) August 31, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Brief Summary 1 Critical Interaction 2 Conclusion 3 End Notes 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction M. Eugene Boring is Professor Emeritus of New Testament at Brite Divinity School. In this article, his target audience is the Christian community and his goal is to discuss Matthew’s Christology as theocentric, presenting God’s manifested presence in the life of Jesus. Boring goes on to show how Matthew’s Christology is expressed in a narrative of three stories. He says that this can be appreciated and appropriated better in the context of narratives in which contemporary interpreters are embedded.1 He does not subscribe to a particular story, but believes that the ecclesiology, eschatology, and ethics of Jesus are intertwined. They cannot be separated or summarized. For that reason, we are introduced to and come to know Jesus as Emmanuel, God-with-us. Brief Summary Boring begins this article by talking about Jesus and how he was sent by God as the promised Messiah. He mentions how Matthew uses three stories that bridges the gap between interpreters’ understanding of Matthew’s...
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...Dot point summary Studies of religion Australia 1945- present. | Facts | Impact/Implications/ | Contemporary Aboriginal Spiritualities | Dreaming The Dreaming is the past, present and future. A collective term for all Australian Indigenous spiritualityInextricably linked to the land Kinship All forms of social interaction.Determines how a person relates to others and how they belong in the community. Ceremonial life Corroboree - retelling of Dreaming stories through song, dance, music and mimeRite of passage- Moving into adulthoodBurial and Smoking ceremoniesObligations to the land and people Dreaming stories help link the people to the land and it outlines the obligations of the people to the land. | Dreaming provides meaning and purpose in an Indigenous persons life Provides connections to family members and spirituality Provides a link to the dreaming and ancestral spirits. Marks key moments in people's lives. By keeping obligations to the land and people the inextricable link will be kept | Issues for Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to: | discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to: / separation from the land * Loss of culture - loss of dignity * "Like a tree without it's roots" - "Buckskin" * Lost law & lore * Lost purposeseparation from kinship groups * Lost identity * Loss of heritage * Loss of parents/ family * Loss of connectionthe Stolen Generations * Unable to connect...
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...survived the Great Fire of London, and the next year the Dutch attacked London again. When he was 10 he was being taught at Reverend James Fisher’s boarding school in Dorking Surrey. When Defoe was 14 he attended the dissenting academy in Newington Green in London. Defoe’s early life was interesting, and set him up to have an interesting personality and view of the world. Defoe’s adult life is where his life’s story gets interesting, and shows how well his skills of fitting into a situation...
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...Tools for Living the Christian Faith By Mary Fairchild, About.com Guide These tools for living the Christian faith are designed to offer practical help as you navigate your way through the Christian life. Not only will you find resources for managing the major events in your life, such as your Christian wedding ceremony, you will also encounter tips for celebrating Christian holidays, advice for developing a daily devotional, and even biblical decision making steps. Baptisms, Weddings, Funerals & More Developing a Daily Devotional Bible Study Tools Christian Marriage Advice Parenting & Family Advice Christian Singles Advice Advice for Christian Women Advice for Christian Men Christian Testimonies Christian Careers Books, Movies, Music & More Christian Holidays Faith in Action Baptisms, Weddings, Funerals & More Find practical and spiritual information about some of the major events and observances in the life of a Christian, including baptisms, baby dedications, weddings, funerals and more. These resources will answer many of your questions as you navigate your way through the Christian life. •Baby Dedication •Conversion - Salvation •Baptism •Communion •Wedding Ceremony •Funeral Service Ads Free Evangelism Training tools to help you share your faith with your family and friends! www.billygraham.org/EvangelismTools Meaningful Bible Verses Find Daily Quotes, Choose Passages & More with Daily Bible Guide! www.DailyBibleGuide.com Meet Professional...
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...Ogidi, a large village in Nigeria. His father taught at the missionary school, and Achebe witnessed firsthand the complex mix of benefit and catastrophe that the Christian religion had brought to the Igbo people. In the 1950s, an exciting new literary movement grew in strength. Drawing on indigenous Nigerian oral traditions, this movement enriched European literary forms in hopes of creating a new literature, in English but unmistakably African. Published in 1958, Things Fall Apart is one of the masterpieces of 20th century African fiction. Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s, during the coming of the white man to Nigeria. In part, the novel is a response and antidote to a large tradition of European literature in which Africans are depicted as primitive and mindless savages. The attitudes present in colonial literature are so ingrained into our perception of Africa that the District Commissioner, who appears at the end of the novel, strikes a chord of familiarity with most readers. He is arrogant, dismissive of African "savages," and totally ignorant of the complexity and richness of Igbo life. Yet his attitude echoes so much of the depiction of Africa; this attitude, following Achebe's depiction of the Igbo, seems hollow and savage. Digression is one of Achebe's most important tools. Although the novel's central story is the tragedy of Okonkwo, Achebe takes any opportunity he can to digress and relate anecdotes and tertiary incidents. The novel is part documentary, but the liveliness...
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...to Salvation Is the story of Jesus mainly about his death and a life that leads to it, or is the story of Jesus mainly about his life and a death that flows from it? On one view, it hardly matters: these are just two ways of looking at the same thing. On a more combative view, the difference is as great as night and day. Does the cross belong on the sleeves (and hearts) of Christians, as the glorious core of their faith, or does it belong in the repair shop, in need of drastic repairs, the primary Christian embarrassment for believers and an offense to outsiders? The disagreement is not over Jesus’ death as a fact. Both sides largely agree about the reality and circumstances of the crucifixion and, for that matter, of the resurrection. At least, the disagreement within one side on these issues is as great as the disagreement between the sides. No, the conflict revolves around a theology of the cross, a theology that says Jesus’ death is the supreme saving act, and that the equation of guilt, punishment and grace worked out through the execution of the innocent, divine victim in place of a rightly condemned humanity provides the essential sum of Christianity itself. This theology is composed of many elements in scripture and tradition -- references to Jesus’ death as a sacrifice, ideas of redemptive suffering, and a deep tradition of eucharistic remembrance that Jesus died "for us." These elements appear in all branches and eras of Christian tradition. But the organization...
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...2 Esdras Summary: The book of 2 Edras starts with Ezra receiving a prophetic call from God. He explains that God is upset with Israel because as time goes on, they keep on sinning. He continues and says that they are going to be driven out of their land and that there will be a people coming from the East (1:38). His prophecy ends with God saying that he will judge Israel and protect the church that is to come. Then there is a cut and we jump into Ezra’s discussions with the angel Uriel, and he his three visions. Ezra talks about two main things, the first being his struggle with sin and how God is disappointed with Israel. The next big topic is Ezra’s visions about things to come and the end times. Ezra struggles to grasp God’s decisions and actions and Uriel makes it clear that man cannot comprehend God’s actions. The last two chapters of the book talk about God’s judgment on people and cities that oppose him, such as Babylon. From here, the writer encourages believers to stay strong for there is much persecution to come. Date and Evaluation: Many scholars believe that 2 Esdras wasn’t written by Ezra or during the time he was alive, but rather the book was written by Christians in the first and second century A.D. After reading through this book I understand that the author has many questions about why things are what they are. We read over and over again that “Ezra” is disturbed by questions about God’s chosen people and sin. More than this, I see that Ezra really respects...
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...century in honor of his building program that pushed architects to build new and better landmarks as well as sculptures from artisans; also being Emperor, he was tasked with making temples. Easily distinguished Christian art is traceable to late of the second century, and early of the third. Although, the Old Testament writes off graven images, this did not defer future artisans from continuing their Greco-Roman culture, which was heavily based off of imagery, buildings, sculptures, and etc. As the religion, Christianity, continued to expand and gain more converts, many of whom were raised to appreciate images from previous religions, naturally wanted to continue their way of doing so. For example, there was a change in burial practices in the Roman world, and I quote, "Outside the city walls of Rome, adjacent to major roads, catacombs were dug into the ground to bury the dead. Families would have chambers or cubicula dug to bury their members. Wealthy Romans would also have sarcophagi or marble tombs carved for their burial; The Christian converts wanted the same things. Christian catacombs were dug frequently adjacent to non-Christian ones, and sarcophagi with Christian imagery were apparently popular with the richer Christians." A conspicuous aspect of the Christian art, noted in the third century, is the leave of direct imagery; by that I mean during the early period there were no images based off of...
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...writers of the twentieth century. The Oxford educated writer wrote young adult novels, science fiction, poetry, literary criticisms and Christian theology all for which he famous for. Despite all his literary works, he is most known, much to his annoyance in his lifetime, for The Chronicles of Narnia series that tells the adventures of Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie in the land of Narnia. C.S Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia series is filled with subtle Christian symbolisms and allegories such as the creation of the world, the death and the resurrection of Christ, allegories and symbolism that at first weren’t intentional on Lewis’ part, yet still cemented into the series along with influences from his childhood and Northern European mythology....
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...to feel as if something were missing. Eventually, his establishments were raided and he was faced with the threat of jail time. Faced with the possibility of spending his life in jail and losing everything he had, he made the commitment to believe in Jesus. Fay is currently a Chaplain with the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency and a host of the radio show, “Let’s Go”. He evangelizes by sharing his testimony and loving people with simple, basic methods of sharing the gospel. Content Summary Fay begins his book by describing the state of evangelism in churches today. In the brief first two chapters, Fay explains that Christians can not fail if they will just share their faith. It is the sharing itself that is our success, not the expected outcome (Fay, 3). Fay describes the vast majority of Christians that are guilty of committing what he calls the sin of silence. He expresses the need for Christians to be excited about their relationship with Christ and to share their faith (Fay, 7). In one story that Fay tells, a woman who is in adultery, surrenders her life to Christ and goes back to her husband asking for forgiveness. Two days later the woman’s husband contacts Fay to tell him something was different about his wife and that he wanted what she had (Fay, 10-11). Mindful that not everyone will receive...
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...worked for Israel. This review will show that Wright’s book provides the reader with a rich understanding of Jesus’ unique identity as the Hebrew Messiah and gives helpful insights for understanding how the OT should be viewed from the Christian perspective. Brief Summary Wright’s thesis is that one cannot fully know the story of Jesus unless he sees “it in the light of a much longer story which goes back for many centuries.”1 He works this out in five chapters, which he summarizes at the end of the book: We have seen that the Old Testament tells the story which Jesus completed. It declares the promise which he fulfilled. It provides the pictures and models which shaped his identity. It programmes a mission which he accepted and passed on. It teaches a moral orientation to God and the world which he endorsed, sharpened, and laid as the foundation for obedient discipleship.2 He argues that the OT does not merely point to Jesus but that from the Hebrew Scriptures Jesus “found his insights into the mind of his Father God...[and] found the shape of his own identity and the goal of his own mission.”3 Nevertheless, the OT also does look forward to Christ as “the fulfillment of the promise which [it] had declared.”4 Therefore, unless one understands the story of the OT, he will not...
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...The Story of Pedro Calungsod Roben Yu Literature 1 M-W-F 3:00-4:00 I. Summary Pedro Calungsod, a young Filipino man, leaves his Visayan native roots to join the Spanish Jesuit priest Fr. Diego de San Vitores in his mission to the Marianas Islands (Guam) in 1668. The San Diego Mission arrives in the Marianas where the young Pedro, a trained catechist and mission assistant, begins work for Fr. Diego de San Vitores in baptizing the Chamorro natives, preaching the holy gospel and spreading the good news of salvation through the Christian faith amidst paganism, doubt and disbelief. Despite the longing for his father and the threats to their lives, even at the peril of death, Pedro and Fr. Diego continued their missionary work. They roamed the dangerous islands and baptized many more natives and continued to enlighten them about Christianity. Guam is now a devoutly Catholic state and this is the story of how the young Filipino saint, between wars and persecutions, played his part in this divine mission. II. Personal Reaction A short introduction to the movie, A movie on the life of Filipino saint Pedro Calungsod, Church groups said the film is "an effective tool of new evangelization." Although there were no figures given, organizers of the Metro Manila Film Festival said...
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