..., 1. Argued that the major activities of management and leadership are played out differently; but both are essential to an organization: A) Jago B) Zaleznik C) Kotter D) Bass E) Burns 2. Argued that leaders and managers are distinct; they are different types of people: A) Jago B) Zaleznik C) Kotter D) Bass E) Burns 3. Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is A) Reward B) Coercive C) Legitimate D) Referent E) Expert 4. The power Bill Gates had when he and Paul Allen started the Microsoft company: A) Reward B) Coercive C) Legitimate D) Referent E) Expert 5. Defining leadership as a process means A) It is an inborn trait or characteristic. B) It is a transactional event. C) It is focused on influence. D) It may only take place in groups. E) It requires shared goals. 6. The following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership: A) The focus of group process B) An artistic process C) A behavior D) A personality trait E) An instrument of goal achievement 7. The primary functions of management are A) Planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling. B) Forming, storming, norming, and reforming. C) Building, breaking down, rebuilding, and maintaining. D) Ruling, listening, adapting, and adjusting. E) Directing, framing, extending, and encouraging. 8. Some positive communication...
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...Final Exam Mengjuan Huang MG637(1) Professor Clifford December 4, 2011 Question 1:Decision-Making 1.The definition of decision-making A decision is a choice between alternatives. Managers choose courses of action not only fro themselves but for their organization and other people. While people choose a job, it is not only for himself, but also for his family and friends. "Decision making is the process of identifying problems and opportunities and then resolving them." (Richard L. Daft, Chapter 9, Pp 238) The process of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. People choose jobs that help them reach the targets in their mind and have the promotional opportunities. 2. Using the seven-step decision making model to deicide to choose the best job The Seven-Step Decision Making Model developed by Rick Roberts of the University of North Florida Career Services includes identifying the decision to be made, self-assessment, identifying any options, gather data and evaluate the options, selecting one and designing a course of action(Rick Roberts, 2006). Step one: Identify the decision to be made According to my personal situation, such as currently employed, single, enjoy traveling. There are some problems and opportunities that should be concerned. The problem is that I have no job at present. Finding an appropriate job with good salary is on demand. What's more, I'm planning to get married in three months, if the job is too...
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...Leadership and Power Aretha Barnes LDR/300 January 14, 2016 Tamara Clark Leadership and Power Power is to have the ability to have control over someone, something, or a situation. A person can use their power to influence, control to motivate someone to do or accomplish something that they would not have normally done on their own. Power (Achua, 2004)The definition of power is the ability to perform efficiently. The word power is used when describing, one’s strength (s) or force. Power can also be used to describe, a person with authority. For example, President Obama as Commander and Chief has the power to dictate just about anything so long as he or she remains within the guidelines of the law. He has the authority to dictate the moves of the United States Army and all other agencies to do as he sees fit or desires them to do. However, if he goes and break the laws of the land (abuse his power), he can be removed by Congress. Power’s Relationship and Leadership After, having a vision and setting a goal for themselves a good leader has the authority or ability to persuade their team to follow their vision. A leader's power is not dominant but, by showing their team their long-term benefit of pursuing a goal and convincing them to come aboard. There are three different styles of leadership the Authoritarian leader the type that makes all the decisions and, calls all the shots. This leader may collaborate and collect all the facts and make...
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...assists a group or organization to perform successfully and meet its goals and objectives = “enabling” behavior – it’s a behavior that helps other people accomplish more than if they had been no such influence P208 Leading and Managing: The Same or Different? Leadership is a very important component of management, but management is more than just leadership. It includes other tasks that do NOT directly involve influencing people. Managers Leaders Leaders Does Leadership Differ Across National Cultures? Paternalism – the leader is regarded as father who will take care of the subordinate in return for reasonable behavior and performance = order & harmony; eg: YifeiLi – MTV Greeter China P210 Leadership and the Use of Power Power – the capacity or ability to influence. “power tends to corrupt (and), absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Power can be used for good or bad. “The days of power is conspicuous by its absence. Powerlessness in the face of crisis. Powerless in the face of complexity.” P211 Types and Sources of Power Position Power – power based on a person’s position and rank in an organization (include legitimate power, reward power and coercive power) Personal...
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...20 The Bases of Social Power JOHN R. P. FRENCH, JR., AND BERTRAM RAVEN The processes of power are pervasive, complex, and often disguised in our society. Accordingly one finds in political science, in sociology, and in social psychology a variety of distinctions among different types of social power or among qualitatively different processes of social influence (1, 7, 14, 20, 23, 29, 30, 38, 40). Our main purpose is to identify the major types of power and to define them systematically so that we may compare them according to the changes which they produce and the other effects which accompany the use of power. The phenomena of power and influence involve a dyadic relation between two agents which may be viewed from two points of view: (o) What determines the behavior of the agent who exerts power? (h) What determines the reactions of the recipient of this behavior? We take this second point of view and formulate our theory in terms of the life space of P, the person upon whom the power is exerted. In this way we hope to define basic concepts of power which will be adequate to explain many of the phenomena of social influence, including some which have been described in other less genotypic terms. Recent empirical work, especially on small groups, has demonstrated the necessity of distinguishing different types of power in order to account for the different effects found In studies of social influence. Yet there is no doubt that more empirical knowledge will ...
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...Create a document to help Anne Ewers think through issues that may result from the merger process. A1. Bill Bailey Illustrate how Bill Bailey, might use one theory of motivation to support or oppose the merger. Background: There are two perspectives when talking about theories of motivation; Content Theories and Process Theories. These two theories can complement each other instead of compete as alternatives. Content theories deal with “the what” of motivation. They try to explain the forces which drive human behavior by fulfilling physiological and personal needs. They look at deficiencies because of the belief that if the need is met, people will not be further motivated to meet that need. Physiological needs include basics such as food, safety, and affiliation. Personal growth needs follow second after physiological needs have been met. These needs include self-esteem, purpose and self-actualization. Process theories go somewhat more in depth to explain motivation. They deal with “the how” of motivation. How did a specific process lead to an outcome of motivation? This information is important because it can show how the process may be measured and then replicated. It provides a way to explain how to motivate for change One theory of motivation Bill Bailey might use is the process theory known as the Expectancy Theory. Kinicki & Kreitner (2010) tell us the Expectancy Theory was developed by Victor Vroom in 1964 to produce a systematic explanatory theory of workplace...
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...IBM Leadership University of Phoenix COM/530 COMMUNICATIONS FOR ACCOUNTANTS August 27, 2012 Mark Durand IBM’s operations consist of two major components, technological research and development, and consulting services. “Its core values are dedication to every client’s success, innovation that matters, for our company and for the world, and trust and personal responsibility in all relationships.” (Palamisano, 2003) Taking both major operations into account, the leadership style employed can greatly influence the alignment of these values with its practices. In every organization, the utilization of the concepts outlined in transformational leadership, where leaders, “inspire followers to transcend their self-interest for the good of the organization,” and the Socialized Charismatic Leadership Theory, “leadership that conveys other centered (not self-centered) values by leaders who model ethical conduct,” (Robbins and Judge, 2011) would provide significant benefits to the organization. These theories however require the sole conviction of the individual. They are not necessarily an actionable theory of leadership in that every member of an organization should at all times be demonstrating the characteristics stated above. Of the actionable leadership theories, much good can come from employing the Path Goal Theory which says that “it’s the leader’s job to provide followers with the information, support...
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...“It’s not possible to be both a trusting boss and a politically astute leader. One requires openness and the other requires concealment.” Discuss this statement in terms of developing effective competitive advantage in China. I don't agree with this. It's possible for leader to be this kind of people, and the development of organization requires it. Personality is affected by heredity, environment, and situation. And the personality of a leader is determined by environment and situation. Environment plays an important role in shaping personality. And personality also changes with situation. The organization’s environment and situation require leaders to be trusting and astute. It also reflects emotional intelligence (EI). EI includes self-awareness (know how you feel), self-management (manage your emotions and impulses), self-motivation (can motivate yourself and persist), empathy (sense and understand what others feel), and social skill (can handle the emotions of others). Good leader should have high EI scores, which leads to high performance. Emotional quotient (EQ) is said to be a measure of a person’s emotional intelligence. Excellent leader should manage (show or hide) his emotion well through the EQ. To be open or to conceal, it depends. In which situation should a leader be open? For example, in culture knowledge management, leader should be open. It’s better for organization when employees all know and understand the organization’s culture. They will know...
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...strategic management, and organizational behavior. To become a successful manager in today’s organizations, mangers must understand and adjust to organizational concepts, implementation and management of change within organizations, concepts of systems of theory problem solving and decision making. As a manger in my current organization, this course has taught me how to improve my managerial skills through recognizing and understanding the concepts mentioned above. The following is a complete system analysis of my company based on the Six-Box Model. Within the six-box model I will demonstrate how the following factors: (1) Boundaries and Environments; (2) Organizational Structure; (3) Formal and Informal Systems; (4) Reward Systems; (5) Power; (6) Force Field Analysis, (7) Organizational Interventions; and (8) Reactions to Proposed Changes affect a managers management style. Organizational Boundaries and Environments Boundaries in organizations can be defined as “the umbrella under which rules are implemented to shape their purpose and goals.” (Ware, 2005). Boundaries are in place to determine the sphere of influence for the internal activities of an organization and to govern the reactions to external environments (Ware, 2005). In my organization there are written policies which address the boundaries which are internal to the organization. Some of these internal boundaries include policy’s on sick time, vacation time, sexual harassment etc… My company has...
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...There are five bases of power that are divided into two separate group. The two groups are formal power and personal power. Formal power are powers that are based on one’s position in an organization. These powers include coercive, reward, and legitimate. Personal power is power that is driven by a persons individuals characteristics. The personal powers include expert power and referent power. Along with the five bases of power there is a behavior known as dependency. Dependency can be described as Person A having a relationship with Person B although Person B has something that Person A requires. Coercive power in an organization is having the ability to instill fear into someone of a lower rankings position because you can bring disciplinary actions on them. Most people in a workplace fear being fired or demoted from their position. Although negative results for Employee 1 aren’t expressed, the thought of not achieving the goal of earning a yearly bonus can impact behavior. Employee 1 knows without a great evaluation from the manager the yearly bonus will not be offered. Since the manager promotes employees to work additional hours the employee is going to do everything in his power to seem like the likely candidate for the bonus. The employee has planned to take a vacation using the money from the yearly bonu and without it the vacation will have to be cancelled. Reward power is when someone can sway another to achieve a goal in order for something to be gained. Basically...
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...Court History and Purpose Paper A court in general is defined as an organization or unit of the legal extension of government, approved or made by statute or constitution, and comprising of one or more legal officers, which has the power to choose cases, discussions in law, and question matters of certainty brought before it. There are three different components which include the following: To be viewed as a court, it must have legitimate lawful power, as spelled out in the constitutions or statutes, Courts are by and large found in the legal rather than authoritative and official extensions of government, and Courts are enabled to settle on choices that are tying. The thought of "[deciding] upon cases, debates in law, and questioned matters of truth" is known as arbitration, or "the procedure by which a court touches base at a choice with respect to a case. The functions of the courts are upholding the law, protecting individuals, resolving disputes, and reinforcing social norms. There are many different courts on both the State and Federal level, but the one that will be discussed is the United States District Court (Frank Schmalleger, January 2010). The United States District Courts are the trial courts of the government court framework. Inside cutoff points set by Congress and the Constitution, the area courts have locale to hear almost all classes of government cases, including both common and criminal matters. There are 94 government legal areas, including no less...
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...government, as a result of this, abuse of power and violation of human rights occurred regularly. The courts were also reluctant to review these powers because, they were restricted by rules, for example there was a rule that judicial control does not extend to government’s policy decisions, another rule was that a reviewing court may not substitute it’s opinion for that of the administrative body, unless the official has acted mala fide or in bad faith. This is supported by case of Shidiack v Union Government , where it was held that, if the administrative organ has duly and honestly applied himself to the question which has been left to his discretion, it is impossible for the court of law either to make him change his mind or to substitute it’s conclusion for his own. It is true that for any government to function effectively, it must be bestowed with discretionary powers, discretionary powers involves the exercise of a choice between two or more options on the part of the decision maker. The exercise of these discretionary powers must be checked and controlled by other branches of government, but this was not the case in South Africa. In the past the only manner in which those powers could be controlled was common law basis, but as a result of a narrowly defined grounds of judicial review of government action and decisions, the system of Parliamentary supremacy allows the government to easily exclude the courts power of review via the so-called ouster clauses...
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...play roles in outcomes as well as the power bases of leadership and leader development and competencies. All of which help us become a successful leader and how to improve as a leader. There are three components in the leadership process; the leader, the followers, and the situation (Hughes , Ginnett & Curphy, 2012). Leaders and followers are very similar; they both are honest and competent, but leaders are forward looking and inspiring while followers are independent and cooperative (Hughes , Ginnett & Curphy, 2012). Leaders are very good at picking out followers in a group whose opinions hold the most sway, and persuading those individuals who will persuade others (Goleman, 2013). In certain situations leaders may have to respond to various followers differently or they may have to respond to one follower in different ways. In certain situations followers may also respond to their leaders differently as well as responding to each other differently (Hughes , Ginnett & Curphy, 2012). When individuals are more alert in social situations they exhibit stronger activity and more connections (Goleman, 2013). Tania Singer says, “You need to understand your own feelings to understand the feelings of others.” (Goleman, 2013). If as a leader you can relate to your followers in certain situations and know how to act accordingly. There are five power bases of leadership: referent power, legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, and leadership development and competencies...
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...associated with depression, anxiety, and helplessness. such individuals also have low self-esteem and harbour pessimistic thoughts about their accomplishments and personal development. in terms of thinking, a strong sense of competence facilitates cognitive processes and academic performance. self-efficacy levels can enhance or impede the motivation to act. individuals with high self-efficaccy choose to perform more challenging tasks. What are three ethical characteristics of charismatic leaders? unethical chanrismatic leader, individual qualities of ethical and unethical charismatic leaders Explain the concept of coercive power in operant learning terms. authority or power that is dependent on fear, suppression of free will, and/or use of punishment or threat, for its existence Explain three political strategies that can be used to acquire power. organizational politics consists of intentional acts of influence undertaken by individuals or groups to enhance or...
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...fraud. Level 1: Is the action legal? If the action is illegal, then it is unethical. Level 2: Is the action fair to all involved? Your behavior should be fair to all parties involved. Note that the concept of fairness does not mean that everyone is happy with the outcome. It only means that the decision has been made in an impartial and unbiased manner. Level 3: Does the behavior make you feel good? It is understandable that not everyone agrees on what is right and fair. This question gets to the personal aspect because your conscience becomes a consideration. 2) Legitimate power is the power that is given to you by the company. An example of this would be a manager hiring an employee. Coercive power is the power that is derived from your formal position. Reward power is the ability to influence someone with something of value. This is the opposite of coercive since it is rewarding the individual. Connection power is based on using...
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