...a consultant to hospitals and schools of nursing. She also provided a teaching structure for medical-surgical nursing and established “The Four Conservation Principles”. “She explicitly linked health to the process of conservation model views health as one of its essential components” (Levine, 1991). The three major concepts of the Conservation Model are 1) wholeness, 2) adaption, and 3) conservation. “Whole, health, hale all are derivations of the Anglo- Saxon word hal” (Levine, 1973, p.11). Myra Levine based her use of wholeness as an open system, which meant exploring the parts of the whole. The next concept according to Levine was adaption, “a process of change whereby the individual retains his integrity within the realities of his internal and external environment” (Levine, 1973, p.11). This process allows in creating an economy where there is safety for the individual/patient. There are three characteristics of adaption: 1) Historicity, 2) Specificity, and 3) Redundancy. Levine states that adaptive patterns are developed and hidden in the individuals’ genetic code and that redundancy means that there is an option for the individual to achieve adaption, which is fail – safe option. Levine suggests that each individual has his/her own environment/behavior. The three levels of environment are perceptual, operational and conceptual. These levels explain the individual/patients’ relationship within their environment. She also asserts her theory on the orgasmic response which...
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...Assignment 2 Prof. Griffith 1. Why would Captain Mueller and his copilot sit in darkness for an extended period of time before taking off on a night flight? Be sure to describe in detail the parts of the eye and the processes involved that explain why this was a useful step for the pilot and copilot to take. * Captain Mueller and his copilot would sit in darkness before taking off on a night flight so their eyes would already be adjusted to the darkness. Adaption is defined as an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli. By shutting off the light before they take off, they would be changing their frame of reference. This is commonly referred to as dark adaption which is the phenomenon of adjusting to dim light after being in brighter light. The rate at which dark adaption occurs is a result of the change in the chemical composition of the rods and cones. The rods take 20-30 minutes to reach their maximum level, while cones reach their greatest level of adaption in just a few minutes. If this would have occurred, their pupil size would have changed. The size of the pupil opening depends on the amount of light in the environment. In a dimmer environment, the pupil opens to allow more light to enter. Although, wide-opened pupils have a harder time of discerning things. 2. Why would the mysterious object have first appeared to Mueller in his peripheral vision? * After the light travels through the pupil and lens, the image...
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...Perspective Essay 518 University of Phoenix December 16, 2012 Historical Perspective Essay The theory of adaption model developed over 40 years ago by nursing theorist Castilla Roy, is used in many fields of nursing especially areas of humanities and human science. Nursing theory provides the structural framework necessary for practice, and helps to further nursing knowledge providing an understanding of the scientific process, and the nurse’s role in the health care setting (Colley, 2003). According to Shosha and Kaladeh (2012) Roy’s model provided the nursing profession with a framework to help further model-based research with a methodological soundness not yet known to the profession. This short essay will explain why I believe that Roy’s early model of adaption has contributed to research and nursing development more than other theorists of her time and significantly helped to shaped nursing practice and the profession. Contribution to Research and Nursing Development From a historical perspective Roy’s Adaption Model (RAM) is one of the most useful conceptual frameworks backed by years of research that has guided nursing practice. According to Fawcett (2005) Roy’s model has provided the foundation for the survival of nursing practice and is used globally to further nursing research, practice, and education. RAM has helped to link the concept of the human element of response to stress and adaptation— that is an intricate part of the health paradigm...
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...Pimenta de Devotto, R. Adaption- Innovation Theory and Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI): contributions to collaborative problem solving. Rita Pimenta de Devotto “The process of collaborative problem solving needs to be better understood so that it can be applied more insightfully.” Kirton, 2003. SUMMARY This article aims to introduce Adaption-Innovation Theory (A-I) and the Kirton AdaptionInnovation Inventory (KAI) to readers not familiar with this subject. It will explain the origins of both, the theory and the psychometric instrument and give an overview of the core concepts of the theory. It will also discuss the contributions of A-I and KAI to management practice and explore its current use in organizations for improving team’s problem solving. Introduction In a world of complex and diverse problems, where change is constant, which is better: Adaption or Innovation? Following the current trend we probably should choose innovation betting it will solve most of the problems. However, accordingly to Kirton (2003), which is better depends on the problem-solving context. The current trend underplays adaption and ignores all creative solutions that come from “doing things better” (Kirton, 2003 p.55). Adaption-Innovation theory (A-I from now on) proposes that a diversity of problem solvers (“more adaptive” to “more innovative”) is required to solve a diversity of problems. Not only innovators are creative and capable of bring about change...
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...Psychology p.1 Psychology Experiments Psychology p.2 Abstract I have just been asked to teach the concept of adaptation to a psychology class. I will conduct three experiments for this. Then I will write a paper that describes adaption and how I experienced it in my experiments. The paper will cover the following. I will fully describe process and results of the experiments that I chose. I will also answer what is sensory adaptation. Then I will explain the concept of sensory adaptation, and refer to my text for the definition of sensory adaptation. Next I will explain how adaptation is evident in each of my experimental results. I will provide a comprehensive description of the sensory systems that are involved in the experiments that I performed. This description will include what happens from the receptors to the brain. My discussion will illustrate what was experienced in each experiment. Finally I will discuss how adaptation is important from an evolutionary perspective. Psychology p.3 There are three experiments I will conduct and they are as fallows. Experiment 1: Rub your index fingers gently over a piece of very coarse sandpaper a few times and rate its coarseness on a scale from 1 (very soft) to 7 (very coarse). After a minute or two, rub the same finger over the paper and again rate its coarseness. Did your perception of the coarseness change? How? Record your reaction. In experiment 2 we will Prepare one cup with sugar water and one with fresh...
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...Kent Van Cleave My Experience with Adaption The nervous system along with the brain is always adapting to match the surrounding environment. This paper will give you my experience for the experiments I conducted. My first experience is with rubbing my fingers with the sandpaper. After gently rubbing my fingertips with the sandpaper, on a scale of one to seven, I would rate it a five because it made my fingertips rough and they started tingling all the way up my arm. After waiting a few minutes, I tried it again and it wasn’t as shocking as the first time I did it. I believe my mind had already prepared me for what was about to happen. Also my fingertips felt smoother. My second experiment was to taste sugar water. After taking a few sips and spitting it out, there was a sweet taste lingering in my mouth. When I drank the cold fresh water, there was a bland or nasty taste. It almost caught me off guard because it gave me lockjaw. My third and last experiment was placing my hands in hot, cold and lukewarm water. After soaking my hands, one in cold and one in hot water for a short period of time, I then placed my hands in a bowl of lukewarm water. I felt tingling in my hands as if they were numb. After letting them soak for a little while longer, my hands gradually felt back to normal. Sensory adaption is when the body adjusts your senses to a particular smell, feeling, or taste. I feel the concept of sensory adaption is that the body is evolving to fit the...
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...Refocusing a Nursing Lens Distorted by Perfection: The Call for a Mid-range Theory This article describes the concept of the nursing lens and the nursing gaze. The nursing lens is a term describing how nurses view their own safety, their practice, their environment and the clients/families they care for. Although a difficult concept to grasp, the nursing lens and the nursing gaze can be described as a looking glass, The gaze is the nurse who peers into the glass and the lens is the device itself. It is basically what nurses perceive and what influences their perception. One factor explored is the concept of perfection and how it distorts the nursing lens. We as humans are fallible creatures. However errors in nursing such as medication errors, failure to take adequate precautions and inadequate monitoring post-procedure are viewed as inexcusable mistakes and have far reaching implications. What causes these errors? Was it reckless or risky behavior by the nurse? Was it inadequate training and/or education? Perhaps prior experience with colleagues or a supervisor after a prior mistake influenced that nurse. Whatever the cause, these factors alter the perception of that nurse and thus alter the nursing lens and the nursing gaze. These factors must be analyzed to remove distortion from the lens. But how is this to applied to a practical research application? To do so you must have an understanding of what goes on in a nurse’s head, their basic thought process. Such as how...
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...film substitutes Vietnam for Africa in setting but leaves, with the exception of some characters, the novel’s basic structure intact. Do you agree that the movie retains the key elements and core meanings of the novel? Is the movie a literal, loose, or intermediate adaptation? What are the major changes and are they significant? Is the movie more political or mythical, prosaic or poetic, realistic or formalist, in your point of view? In the film Apocalypse Now by F.F Coppola, and the adaption of Heart of the Darkness was updated to fit in the movie with the environment and the time frame. Also being true to many of the events, characters, themes and the ideas presented in the story. I wondered what ideas would have changed and what indicated the director, and even the society as one, felt about the concepts that were no longer satisfactory....
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...A Study in Scarlet and Pink A successful adaption of a text does not have to follow the text exactly as written. There is an importance to maintaining the main concepts and characters in the story, such as in the mystery, A Study in Scarlet by Conan Doyle. The main characters, Dr. John Watson and Sherlock Holmes should be portrayed correctly; the type of crime, and the search for the criminal should remain the same. There is a higher importance for an adaption to have more excitement and interesting twist, makes a more successful mystery than the original text. Any movie or show should have the effect of people having a connection. The effects have being so embedded to the film that the audience feels a part of the mystery. In movies and shows, there are basic needs for a good director, good actors or actresses, and a good setting like any other normal movie to make a successful adaption. In the short story, A Study in Scarlet by Sir Conan Doyle, the mystery has almost linear storyline with an episode of flashback. The story is in first narrative person, through the eyes of Dr. Watson. It first talks about Dr. John Watson in Afghanistan war as an army doctor. He gets shot in the shoulder. He is discharged from the war efforts, returning to London. In London, he meets his friend Stamford who shows him to his acquaintance, Sherlock Holmes. They then become roommates and solve mysteries together. For the first mystery, they receive details of an unsolved murder of Mr. Enoch...
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...The Land Remembered teaches us lessons of overall sustainability. The Land Remembered is a novel by Patrick Smith. It tells a story of a pioneer family detailing their progression through three generations the way that each generation interacts with the land and depicts the changes over time. The process of change emphasizes the importance of adaptation. Our generation’s lesson from this story is to focus on future sustainability and how we can adapt to more eco-friendly practices. Tobias McIvey, the first generation character, was a simple man with integrity who had used the land and it environment to sustain his family. Taking his family from Georgia to Florida he encountered many hardships to survive and keep his family safe. With the help of the Indians he learned how to use the land and its inhabitants to make a better life. This is the reflection not only of a change in the land but also a change in the man. Corralling wild cows and fattening them up to sell was the real beginning of development. It is the author’s way of depicting how the environment truly defines who we are. Zech McIvey, Tobias’s son, having grown up through all the experiences of learning to sustain his family, developed a love of the land. Living and exploring the wilderness, his only exposure was to the natural environment, which created his special bond with the animals and the land. As he grew older and went with his father on the cattle drives, he started to acquire tracts of undeveloped land...
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...Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don’t Know Joyce P. Chu and Stanley Sue 2011 Myiesha Shante Melvin PSYC 400-D1 History and Systems in Psychology Department of Psychology Fayetteville State University November 19, 2015 What are the issues regarding the mental health of Asians in the United States? Asian Americans have experienced many conflicts between their ethnic culture and the “mainstream” Americans. According to Chu & Sue (2011), there were a few research findings that arose: * There weren’t many Asian Americans who exercised their right to use the mental health system. * Those of the Asian American population that do utilize the mental health services are “highly disturbed in terms of psychiatric disorders”. (Chu & Sue, 2011) * The low utilization is what appeared to be influenced by cultural factors. * “The rates of mental disorders among Asian Americans are not extraordinarily low” (Chu & Sue, 2011). This is proven by epidemiological surveys. There are many Asian subgroups in the United States and they are Japanese, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Filipinos, Chinese, Asian Indians, Koreans and many more. Over 30 languages are spoken throughout the many different Asian subgroups in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), the estimated population of Asians in the United States, including those of more than one race, was 18.2 million. In 2011, Asian Americans...
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...constrain and need for multiple functions in single space then it needs for change in the various spaces. Adaption of spaces according to the human needs will be restricted to following parameters such as changing the size of the space, changing the entire function of the space by changing the furniture of the particular space. And the residence typology is taken for adaptive spaces for human needs. 11 And also adaption of architecture for further growth is very important factor for future needs. We have historical examples for the adaption of architecture for future needs metabolism was the very famous movement which focus on the addition of spaces to the existing spaces. For example, Nakagin building is not only an icon of post-war modern architecture in Japan, but it also represents a rare and arguably the finest built work resulting from the historic Metabolist movement. Completed in 1972, the building consists of two interconnected towers at eleven and thirteen stories respectively, supporting a total of 144 interchangeable ‘capsules’ in the size and shape of a shipping container(1). Each capsule houses a self-contained residential unit attached to one of the towers with flexible joints, showcasing the essential Metabolist idea of adaptability and replace ability. Nakagin building is example for addition of spaces when need for more spaces this is one of the example for the adaption according to the human needs Fig.2 Axonometric view of Capsule tower Fig.3 View of Addition of capsule...
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...ARTICLES A Kind Word for Theory X: Or Why So Many Newfangled Management Techniques Quickly Fail Michael P. Bobic Emmanuel College William Eric Davis Community College Southern Nevada ABSTRACT Forty-three years ago, Douglas McGregor’s The Human Side of Enterprise offered managers a new assumption of management (Theory Y), which would be more effective than what he considered then-current management assumptions (Theory X). While McGregor’s Theory Y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, Theory X management still persists in practice. Moreover, many efforts to introduce management initiatives based on Theory Y have failed to reform the workplace or worker attitudes. While most explanations of these failures focus on training, implementation, or sabotage, this article proposes several defects in Theory Y that have contributed to these failures. Theory Y is based upon an incomplete theory of human motivation that erroneously assumes that all people are creative (and want to be creative) in the same way. Important research by Michael Kirton presents a different model of creativity that explains the failure of Theory Y and justifies Theory X as an important managerial theory and strategy. Theory X persists not because of circumstances or the nature of particular jobs, but because different people have personalities that respond to Theory X management better than to Theory Y management. But if the times and circumstances change, [a...
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...the criminal laws of society. The functionalists approach to crime and deviance gives us some insight into how society copes with deviant behaviour. However it has limitations for example it only looks at the functions of deviance and not the causes. Durkheim says that to allow social solidarity to occur in society there are two key mechanisms which are socialisation and social control. He states that crime and deviance is inevitable and that it is needed in society as it preforms two positive functions; boundary maintenance and adaption. In Durkheim’s view, the purpose of punishment is to reaffirm society’s shared rules. As it states in Item A the publicity given to crime highlights the boundaries of acceptable behaviour and this reinforces social solidarity through for example court rooms which dramatizes the wrong doing and stigmatises the offender and therefore discourages others from breaking society’s rules. For individuals that want adaption, there must be some scope for them to challenge and change the existing norms and values which is deviance. However, in time there values may give way to a new culture and morality. For example gay marriage would be seen as deviant but in current times it has become less deviant in countries such as the United Kingdom because it has become more popular over the last decade. If those new ideas are supressed, society will stagnate and unable to make the right adaptive changes. Therefore Durkheim says that it is not good to have a lot...
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...standardized products strategy with universal assortment around the world was the key to IKEA's success. That is, it markets the same basic products in all of its stores; instead of tailoring furniture to regional tastes, it focuses on making furniture that is universally attractive (Rondcha, 2008). Some 90% of the product line is identical across more than two dozen countries. However, in order to adapt to certain countries such as America, IKEA needed to modify their concept whilst still maintaining their original formula. Modification was implemented as the European products conflicted with American tastes and preference (Tracy, 1986). Conflicts arose when it was found that most Americans keep a sofa longer than a car and change their spouse as often as their dining room table (about 1.5 times in a lifetime). America didn’t get IKEA; it was too unswervingly Swedish. (Lewis, 2005). Kamprad believes the word ‘impossible’ is absent from IKEA’s dictionary (Altomare, et al. 1999) and by sticking to this belief, adaption was made to America’s furniture. This included widening the chest drawers by an inch or two which led to an immediate increase in sales by 40%. Despite Kamprad’s belief, it is impossible that IKEA will succeed everywhere it establishes. In 1974, IKEA expanded into Japan as their first Asian market. It had to pull out in 1986 due to differences between culture, lifestyle and behaviour being too great. Another factor was IKEA putting a Swedish ‘accent’ on another country’s...
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