...Why Public Breastfeeding Should No Longer Be a Controversy Public breastfeeding has been a controversial topic for years. “Breastfeeding in public is legal and protected by federal law. Legislation in most states gives women the right to nurse in public.” (“What to Expect”) So if it is legal to breastfeed in public, why do so many people have a problem with it? In one hand, people are saying that formula was made for this very reason, to feed your child while you are out in public. In the other hand, people are saying that formula is not the way to go with your child, yet breastfeeding isn’t accepted in public either. (Johnson) You can’t have it both way! Some women just can’t breastfeed, so they must use formula to feed their baby....
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...Dyshea Shelley Natural or Not? Breastfeeding is one of the most important decisions a parent must make for their child. Breastfeeding is when the mother feeds the child milk from her breast (Breastfeeding). Over the last few years, there has been so much controversy in the media whether women should be allowed to breastfeed in public. Despite the controversy, women should be able to breastfeed in public because it improves infant health, it has psychological benefits, and it makes women feel less ashamed and embarrassed. Many medical and public health organizations support breastfeeding and say it improves an infant’s heath significantly. Breast milk is a rich, creamy liquid that is high in protein and low in fat (“History of Breastfeeding”). It contains the protein, vitamins, and fat an infant needs. Breast milk contains antibodies that help fight infection and it’s easier to digest. It also reduces the chances of allergies, asthma, respiratory illnesses, and overweight issues in the future. Some studies also suggest that breastfeeding lowers the risk of certain cancers and diabetes. Children that were breastfed have even been proven to have higher IQ scores. However, breastfeeding doesn’t only benefit the child. Studies show that women who breastfeed have a smaller chance of having ovarian and breast cancer (“Biology of Breastfeeding”). Besides the physical benefits of breastfeeding, breastfeeding also has many psychological benefits. Researchers say breastfeeding infants...
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...1. If you had been an executive with Nestlé, would you have changed your marketing approach after the boycotts began? Nestlé’s marketing tactics in promoting the use of infant formula in Third World countries wasn’t moral. Nestlé was not acting within the boundaries of moral standards. Every corporation must understand and realize the corporate ethics and responsibilities they should have. The problem was that Nestlé used unqualified sales girls, the distribution of free samples, marketed to people who were incapable to fulfil the minimum requirements for giving formula safely to the baby, and the association of bottle-feeding with healthy babies to promote the use of infant formula to mothers who would have been better off breast-feeding their babies. The first Nestlé boycott in 1977 led by Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) had a large impact on Nestlé’s revenues. Their products were boycotted in the U.S. to end the promotion of infant formula. This was a small part of the major problem which is to improve total infant nutrition throughout the Third World that must be resolved on a global basis if the health of babies in the developing nations is to be improved. If I had been an executive with Nestlé, I would have changed the marketing approach after the boycotts began. A possible solution to Nestlé’s unethical use of marketing is write the proper way to use their formula safely in that country’s native tongue. Nestle can protect themselves...
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...Humans are the only mammals that can consciously choose to feed their young artificial nourishment such as formula rather than milk from the mother’s breast. According to the company Nestle’, (Nestle.com) infant formula was invented in the late 1860s by a pharmacist named Henri Nestle’. Although mothers had previously used other foods when unable to breastfeed, this infant formula caught on and variations of it have been used through-out the world ever since. Except perhaps between Vegetarians and Carnivores, nowhere is the act of eating more controversial than the area of feeding a baby. Often strong feelings arise around both bottle-feeding and breast-feeding.; with proponents of each method standing firmly and often, passionately and vociferously on their respective sides. People from all walks of life, male and female, young and old, varying socioeconomic backgrounds, single or partnered generally feel free to weigh-in on the topic of Bottle feeding vs. Breastfeeding. In researching this topic I spoke with a varied cross section of society in Maine and in Nova Scotia and drew on my over eleven years combined experience spanning two decades being a breastfeeding mother. The information I have compiled reflects the attitudes which I have often witnessed first-hand. The prevailing attitudes in Maine and Nova Scotia towards breastfeeding appear to have changed little over the past 20 years. According to the World Health Organization “Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of...
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...Soltero Brown Mackie University Abstract Breastfeeding mothers are being forced to remain at home or not feed in public. There are many benefits to breastfeeding. Many parts of the United States has made laws to protect mothers because of public controversy. A company has invented a private sanitary place in New York airports for mother to breastfeed. Milk Breast are seen as a sexual object instead of a source of nutrients for infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding is a natural act and should be seen as such in public. Some people see breastfeeding in public as offensive, especially when children are in the area. Breastfeeding is a natural part of human nature and has been around since the dawn of time. Breastfeeding provides benefits to both baby and mother, its forbidden in some jurisdictions, not addressed by laws in others and recognized as a legal right in others, as so there should be private locations for mothers to breastfeed. Breastfeeding provides benefits to both baby and mothers. Breast milk contains antibodies that protect infants from bacteria and viruses. Babies have less ear infections and respiratory infections. Mothers returns to pre-pregnancy weight faster and reduce risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis (www.ncsl.org, 2015). Breastfeeding also provides a bond between baby and mom. There are many benefits to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in public is forbidden in some jurisdictions, not addressed by law in others and recognized as a legal right in others...
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...supporting facts to both opinions. One major issue in today’s society is whether to breast or bottlefeed an infant. Another difficult issue is how to discipline a child. Some parents believe that spanking in certain situations is acceptable, and some view it as child abuse. Many parents believe religion is an essential part of growing into a moral person, and many do not. Family meals are important to some families, and unnecessary to others. Another big controversy is placing a child in daycare. Some couples believe it is completely wrong for the mother to work outside the home. Other couples say that without two incomes, they would not make it financially. When I had my child, I choose to breast feed her. I think it is very important to the infant’s health. Colostrum, the fluid that comes in before the real milk, allows the baby to receive immunity to many infections, and also enables the infant to gain necessary weight faster than bottle-fed infants. In breast milk, eight percent of the cells are macrophages. Macrophages are cells that kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Breastfeeding is much easier and more convenient, because it can be done at any time of the day, without preparation. With bottle feeding, there are bottles to wash, formula to mix, refrigeration to worry about, and warming of the milk that must be done. This is all very time consuming for a mother to deal with. Another advantage to breast feeding is the low cost factor. The mother must have a healthy eating plan...
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...NESTLE-THE INFANT FORMULA CONTROVERSY CASE BRIEF For over 20 years, Nestlé has been directly and indirectly charged with involvement in the death of Third World infants Most of the charges alleged due to discouraging breast feeding among Third World mothers Misuse of the products, thus contributing to infant malnutrition and death Nestle sought clarifications from UNICEF and WHO so as to identify the immaculate measures THE RESPONSIBILITIES Be involved in baby friendly campaigns Create breast feeding awareness Create awareness pertaining to usage instructions for the formula Continue their efforts on social responsibility Reposition themselves in the market Reduce pushing sales through channels like hospitals Have a cut on giving free samples ACCUSATION AVOIDANCE Understand the country’s culture Support breastfeeding and its benefits Encourage using formula for special situations only Analyse health hazards and implications of the formula A STEP FOR THE FUTURE Understand tradition, life style, economic status, natural conditions of the host country Conduct studies about the possible medical implications Involve in morality rather than bottom line increase DECISION TO MARKET THE RD FORMULA IN 3 WORLD COUNTRIES Marketing techniques used: Free samples given Mass marketing to general public Nearly all of these advertisements depicted healthy white babies being fed by the formula. Pushing sales through hospitals and maternity wards by dumping the formula...
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...Breastfeeding versus Bottle feeding has been a long time controversy. Studies has been done on young, first time mothers, shown that the decision-making on whether to breast or bottle feed was based on social influences and was not the best choice for the mother and her child (Wambach & Koehn). These young mothers need the facts. Is breastfeeding healthier for one’s child? Does the child receive enough from the mother? Is bottle feeding the cause in overweight children? Does bottle feeding really cause children’s teeth to decay? How do mothers know if her child is getting enough from breastfeeding? Is bottle feeding really measured out? These are all questions that mothers and doctors wonder about. History History of breastfeeding more than likely began when the first man and woman gave birth to his and her first child. According to researched, mothers who died during childbirth or anytime while nursing a baby, the baby was left to die or the baby was raised and fed by another lactating mother. Whenever the lactating mother was not available, mothers from the community would attempt to feed the baby other food, thus the beginning of formula. Babies were fed milk from animals such as goats or cows, and often liquids that consisted of broth, sugar or honey with water, and sometimes wine. Researched shows that many years ago babies were unnaturally nourished from a variation of utensils, feeding cups, and bottles that frequently ended disastrously. Studies show that...
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...Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, published the pamphlet in an effort to call attention to the dangers of bottle feeding in traditional and semi-sophisticated populations. From 1966 to 1972, Dr. Jelliffe advocated for restraint on the part of infant formula companies and suggested that government, industry and physicians work together for the health of infants (Newton). It was in 1973 though that the infant formula controversy became public when an article titled “Babies Mean Business” was published in the New Internationalist magazine. The article outlined several unethical marketing practices that manufacturers were engaged in in an effort to promote breast milk substitute to new mothers, doctors and hospitals. One of these practices involved uniformed milk nurses, who were paid a commission by the manufacturer, to distribute free samples of the breast milk substitute to poor, new mothers in developing Third World Countries. Unfortunately, for these mothers and their newborns, the free samples didn’t last forever. Coincidentally, the free samples of the breast milk substitute only lasted long enough for the new mother’s milk to dry up. In addition, the demographic and socio-economic structure of the...
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...Introduction Prior to the early twentieth century, women had only two choices for how to feed their infants: they could breastfeed their infants themselves, or they could seek out a “wet nurse.” In the 1920s, a third option was introduced in developed nations—infant formula, a manufactured alternative to breast milk. Depending on its audience, this alternative was seen as a lifesaving option, a modern way to feed a child or a shameful health risk. Many people who have heard about the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes have expressed interest in knowing more about it. Baby food for the infants is the most sensitive one. Doctors suggest exclusive breast feeding for the infants. But for some cases like sickness, temporary disablement or for any other reasons mothers cannot breast feed to their babies. And for that they have to choose infant formula for their infants. Like any other products, parents of infant go through a selection process to choose a baby food. The purpose of this document is to provide concepts and terms of business ethics regarding marketing infant formula or baby food in the developed and low developing countries. Some of the scenarios of Bangladeshi baby food industries have also been analyzed. What is the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute The Code is a set of recommendations to regulate the marketing of breast-milk substitutes, feeding bottles and teats. The Code was formulated in response to the realization...
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...Case 1 Nestle: The Infant Formula Controversy Background Nestle, among other companies that market infant formulas, has been the focus of attack from different groups. The source of this controversy sprang from the number of deaths of babies from Third World countries that are alleged to have been the result of aggressive advertising of the Nestle infant formula. Nestle stands by its position that it has been responsible in its product marketing stressing, among other things, that (1) it has never advocated bottle feeding instead of breast feeding and (2) that the infant formula has a vital role in proper infant nutrition as a supplement. Nevertheless, Nestle adopted measures to address the concerns of different groups, like WHO, by discontinuing its mass media advertising of infant formula, carrying out comprehensive health education programs, and supported the WHO code. By late 1990s, Nestle was again accused of continuously violating the WHO code and concerned groups have called for the boycott of Nestle products. By 2001, the HIV crisis in certain parts of the world, like South Africa, has caused a shift in preference from breast feeding to infant formula. Consequently, Nestle faces the challenge of addressing such high demand. Finally, Nestle, as an MNC, carries new responsibilities that comes along with marketing its products like participating in the fight against HIV and AIDS especially in developing countries. Problem Statement Taking into account the social...
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...What women decide to wear also creates controversy. There appears to be no “happy middle” with regard to skirt lengths. Document 1 shows a woman wearing a skirt with different indications of length on her legs. The indications range from “whore” to “cheeky” to “matronly.” If the skirt is too long, the woman is too much of a prude; if the skirt is too short, she is labeled as a “whore” or “slut” as shown in the picture. Not a single length is labeled “acceptable.” “Proper” is an older term that refers to a woman protecting her innocence during that time period, and society today does not want the American woman to protect her innocence any longer. According to the picture, there is no skirt length society would deem appropriate. Women then must deal with every negative remark thrown at them when they wear a skirt. These labels portrayed in the picture are not complimenting. Nobody wants to be called a whore or a prude because of the negative connotations associated with those terms. Present day American society criticizes its female citizens non-stop; women are body shamed, judged for choice of clothing, and are frowned upon when they decide to breastfeed in public. Document 3 shows a screenshot from a Google search, “why do people care if a mom breastfeeds in public,” and a link to one of the articles that appeared on the first page. All the results revolve around the fact people think a mother shouldn’t be able to breastfeed her child in public, though breastfeeding is natural and...
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...roots of America’s nonprofit, steam from the ancient traditions of charity, philanthropy, and voluntarism (Worth, 2012, p. 19). Charity can be defined as giving intended to meet current individual human needs or to alleviate current human suffering (Worth, 2012, p. 20). Volunteerism is defined as a very active process that requires active involvement with either the beneficiaries directly or an organization or group that serves a specific population in need (Worth, 2012, p. 20, 21). Virtually all cultures and religion include some emphasis on the importance of service to others, which includes giving or voluntary action (Worth, 2012, p. 19). The Bible teaches us, “Then the righteous will answer him, Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you? The King will reply, truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me” (Matthew 25:31-46, NIV). This paper will examine the importance of a Christian worldview as it relates to nonprofit organizations. It will also evaluate and assess various nonprofit organizations. Section 1 When managing a nonprofit organization, it’s extremely important to have a Christian worldview. A worldview can be defined as the framework from which we view reality and make sense of life and the...
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...Running head: GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS: THE SOLUTION 1 Genetically Engineered Crops: The Solution November 30, 2013 GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS: THE SOLUTION Genetically Engineered Crops: Solution 2 In order to understand the controversy of genetically engineered crops one must understand what genetic engineering or genetic modification is:“GMO are organisms that are generated by combining genes of different species using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Resulting organisms are then said to be transgenic, genetically engineered or genetically modified (GM). This group of organisms includes... plants.”(Celec et al., 2005) The genetic modification of crops and plants was created so that crops could, “... protect themselves against insects and disease, to feed and vaccinate people at the same time, to flourish in poor soil and drought, or to improve the quantity and bioavailability of individual nutrients.”(Roberts, Struble, McCullum-Gomez, Wilkins, 2006). These benefits may seem to outweigh the risks and in reality they do, however this does not mean the consumer should not be notified of the risks they are taking. The hallmark of our free society demands that the consumer be able to choose whether or not they want to eat something that may have health risks. Labeling that identifies GMO ingredients allows for the consumer to choose a particular product while ensuring that the producer feels more at ease with the way they disclose information and promote their...
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...H. Tharp The Unspoken Truth about John Steinbeck’s Legacy in Monterey County John Ernst Jr. Steinbeck is one of the most respected and honored American writers among our society today. In many classrooms around the world, his books are still mandated as reading requirements and there are many museums and centers dedicated to this esteemed author. John Steinbeck has won numerous awards for his books, most notably the Pulitzer Prize for his fictional novel, The Grapes of Wrath in 1940, and the Nobel Prize in literature in 1962 based on his entire body of work. Steinbeck’s other awards, which are typically less known are included in the following chart: WORK | YEAR | AWARD | MEDIUM | “The Murder” | 1934 | O. Henry Award | Print | Tortilla Flat | 1935 | Commonwealth Club of California Gold Medal for Best Novel by a Californian | Print | In Dubious Battle | 1936 | Ibid | Print | Of Mice and Men | 1938 | N.Y Drama Critic’s Circle Award | Play | “The Promise” | 1938 | O. Henry Award | Print | Of Mice and Men | 1939 | American Bookseller’s Award | Print | LifeBoat | 1944 | Academy Award nominee for Best Story | Print | A Medal for Benny | 1945 | Ibid | Print | The Moon is Down | 1946 | King Haakon Liberty Cross | Print | Viva Zapata! | 1952 | Academy Award nominee for Best Original Screenplay | Play | N/A | 1963 | Honorary Consultant in American Literature to the Library of Congress | N/A | N/A | 1964 | U.S Medal of Freedom; Press Medal of Freedom | N/A...
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