... Natural or Not? Breastfeeding is one of the most important decisions a parent must make for their child. Breastfeeding is when the mother feeds the child milk from her breast (Breastfeeding). Over the last few years, there has been so much controversy in the media whether women should be allowed to breastfeed in public. Despite the controversy, women should be able to breastfeed in public because it improves infant health, it has psychological benefits, and it makes women feel less ashamed and embarrassed. Many medical and public health organizations support breastfeeding and say it improves an infant’s heath significantly. Breast milk is a rich, creamy liquid that is high in protein and low in fat (“History of Breastfeeding”). It contains the protein, vitamins, and fat an infant needs. Breast milk contains antibodies that help fight infection and it’s easier to digest. It also reduces the chances of allergies, asthma, respiratory illnesses, and overweight issues in the future. Some studies also suggest that breastfeeding lowers the risk of certain cancers and diabetes. Children that were breastfed have even been proven to have higher IQ scores. However, breastfeeding doesn’t only benefit the child. Studies show that women who breastfeed have a smaller chance of having ovarian and breast cancer (“Biology of Breastfeeding”). Besides the physical benefits of breastfeeding, breastfeeding also has many psychological benefits. Researchers say breastfeeding infants makes them feel...
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...Public Breastfeeding 3 In 2009, a publicized survey revealed that 37 percent of Australians felt the breastfeeding should be done in private. However, on some websites, people compared public breast feeding to urinating in public. While it is certainly understandable why someone would be offended by public breastfeeding, needless to say it is nowhere close to urinating in public. Breastfeeding is a source of food for an infant; meanwhile, urinating in public is bad-mannered, vulgar, and public display of filth. History of Breastfeeding The history of breastfeeding has been around for centuries; nonetheless, breastmilk was a baby’s only foundation of nutrition. “Throughout early human history, breastmilk was a baby’s only source of nourishment. If a woman could not breastfeed, she would sometimes turn to a wet nurse for help.” (breastfeeding, 2015). By the time the 1950s, rolled around, women were given the option to choose...
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...Abstract Breastfeeding mothers are being forced to remain at home or not feed in public. There are many benefits to breastfeeding. Many parts of the United States has made laws to protect mothers because of public controversy. A company has invented a private sanitary place in New York airports for mother to breastfeed. Milk Breast are seen as a sexual object instead of a source of nutrients for infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding is a natural act and should be seen as such in public. Some people see breastfeeding in public as offensive, especially when children are in the area. Breastfeeding is a natural part of human nature and has been around since the dawn of time. Breastfeeding provides benefits to both baby and mother, its forbidden in some jurisdictions, not addressed by laws in others and recognized as a legal right in others, as so there should be private locations for mothers to breastfeed. Breastfeeding provides benefits to both baby and mothers. Breast milk contains antibodies that protect infants from bacteria and viruses. Babies have less ear infections and respiratory infections. Mothers returns to pre-pregnancy weight faster and reduce risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis (www.ncsl.org, 2015). Breastfeeding also provides a bond between baby and mom. There are many benefits to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in public is forbidden in some jurisdictions, not addressed by law in others and recognized as a legal right in others. Oklahoma breastfeeding law exempts...
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...decide to wear also creates controversy. There appears to be no “happy middle” with regard to skirt lengths. Document 1 shows a woman wearing a skirt with different indications of length on her legs. The indications range from “whore” to “cheeky” to “matronly.” If the skirt is too long, the woman is too much of a prude; if the skirt is too short, she is labeled as a “whore” or “slut” as shown in the picture. Not a single length is labeled “acceptable.” “Proper” is an older term that refers to a woman protecting her innocence during that time period, and society today does not want the American woman to protect her innocence any longer. According to the picture, there is no skirt length society would deem appropriate. Women then must deal with every negative remark thrown at them when they wear a skirt. These labels portrayed in the picture are not complimenting. Nobody wants to be called a whore or a prude because of the negative connotations associated with those terms. Present day American society criticizes its female citizens non-stop; women are body shamed, judged for choice of clothing, and are frowned upon when they decide to breastfeed in public. Document 3 shows a screenshot from a Google search, “why do people care if a mom breastfeeds in public,” and a link to one of the articles that appeared on the first page. All the results revolve around the fact people think a mother shouldn’t be able to breastfeed her child in public, though breastfeeding is natural and almost necessary...
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...| Ethics Paper Nestlé Infant Formula Prepared by Mohammad Ul Haque Id:0147217 MG660- Strategic Marketing Prepared for Professor Jorge Zavala-Vinces 1. If you had been an executive with Nestlé, would you have changed your marketing approach after the boycotts began? Nestlé’s marketing tactics in promoting the use of infant formula in Third World countries wasn’t moral. Nestlé was not acting within the boundaries of moral standards. Every corporation must understand and realize the corporate ethics and responsibilities they should have. The problem was that Nestlé used unqualified sales girls, the distribution of free samples, marketed to people who were incapable to fulfil the minimum requirements for giving formula safely to the baby, and the association of bottle-feeding with healthy babies to promote the use of infant formula to mothers who would have been better off breast-feeding their babies. The first Nestlé boycott in 1977 led by Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) had a large impact on Nestlé’s revenues. Their products were boycotted in the U.S. to end the promotion of infant formula. This was a small part of the major problem which is to improve total infant nutrition throughout the Third World that must be resolved on a global basis if the health of babies in the developing nations is to be improved. If I had been an executive with Nestlé, I would have changed the marketing approach after the boycotts began...
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...a baby. Often strong feelings arise around both bottle-feeding and breast-feeding.; with proponents of each method standing firmly and often, passionately and vociferously on their respective sides. People from all walks of life, male and female, young and old, varying socioeconomic backgrounds, single or partnered generally feel free to weigh-in on the topic of Bottle feeding vs. Breastfeeding. In researching this topic I spoke with a varied cross section of society in Maine and in Nova Scotia and drew on my over eleven years combined experience spanning two decades being a breastfeeding mother. The information I have compiled reflects the attitudes which I have often witnessed first-hand. The prevailing attitudes in Maine and Nova Scotia towards breastfeeding appear to have changed little over the past 20 years. According to the World Health Organization “Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers. As a global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health.” The World Health Organization also states...
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...Breastfeeding versus Bottle feeding has been a long time controversy. Studies has been done on young, first time mothers, shown that the decision-making on whether to breast or bottle feed was based on social influences and was not the best choice for the mother and her child (Wambach & Koehn). These young mothers need the facts. Is breastfeeding healthier for one’s child? Does the child receive enough from the mother? Is bottle feeding the cause in overweight children? Does bottle feeding really cause children’s teeth to decay? How do mothers know if her child is getting enough from breastfeeding? Is bottle feeding really measured out? These are all questions that mothers and doctors wonder about. History History of breastfeeding more than likely began when the first man and woman gave birth to his and her first child. According to researched, mothers who died during childbirth or anytime while nursing a baby, the baby was left to die or the baby was raised and fed by another lactating mother. Whenever the lactating mother was not available, mothers from the community would attempt to feed the baby other food, thus the beginning of formula. Babies were fed milk from animals such as goats or cows, and often liquids that consisted of broth, sugar or honey with water, and sometimes wine. Researched shows that many years ago babies were unnaturally nourished from a variation of utensils, feeding cups, and bottles that frequently ended disastrously. Studies show that...
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...University encourages students to major in anthropology, stating “Anthropologists are careful observers of humans and their behavior, maintaining an intense curiosity: What does it mean to be human?” An anthropologist studies every aspect of human life. They provide explanations for why we talk the way we do, why we walk on two feet instead of on all fours, and how we raise our children. They also help to answer questions about the reasons cultures wage wars against each other, and why human beings decided to start making sophisticated tools such as the wheel. It is an anthropologist’s job to seek out the truth and provide factual evidence. People need to study anthropology for all of these reasons and more; their knowledge benefits people in the public sector by answering questions that they have. In the first module, we learned about culture, taboo, religion and witchcraft. These topics were examined by the novel Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture by Marvin Harris. Harris described taboos as being created to blame culture, and not the environment for things that go wrong. He believed religion was a...
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...posting of short 140 character messages, or “tweets.” Currently facebook and twitter are two of the most popular social networks in the world. This essay compares and contrasts the history, growth in user base, strengths and weaknesses of the social media giants facebook and twitter. Facebook was launched by Mark Zuckerberg, along with his college roommates, in February 2005. It was initially only intended for Harvard students, but eventually expanded to include students at other Boston colleges, Ivy League universities, and Stanford. The site gradually added support for other universities, before also becoming available to high school students. In September 2006, it became available to any users over 13. On May 17th 2012, the company went public. It was valued at $104 billion. Facebook’s user base is still growing rapidly. Facebook is used by members for a variety of purposes. It is mainly used by individuals who wish to stay connected with, or reconnect with, people that they know offline. As well as maintaining a personal profile and posting messages on their “wall,” users can upload photo albums and videos, share links, write long notes, send private messages to friends, text and video chat, and play games Twitter was founded on March 21st 2006 by Jack Dorsey and was launched on July 5th 2006. Twitter tends to be fairly secretive about its number of users, but it had explosive growth between 2009 and 2011, with 2 million tweets a day in January 2009, 32 million tweets a day...
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...marketing of artificial baby milk. The unethical practices of promoting infant formula to new mothers in developing countries was first presented in 1966 in a pamphlet by Dr. Derrick B. Jelliffe titled Child Nutrition in Developing Countries. Dr. Jelliffe, an expert in child nutrition and Director of the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, published the pamphlet in an effort to call attention to the dangers of bottle feeding in traditional and semi-sophisticated populations. From 1966 to 1972, Dr. Jelliffe advocated for restraint on the part of infant formula companies and suggested that government, industry and physicians work together for the health of infants (Newton). It was in 1973 though that the infant formula controversy became public when an article titled “Babies Mean Business” was published in the New Internationalist magazine. The article outlined several unethical marketing practices that manufacturers were engaged in in an effort to promote breast milk substitute to new mothers, doctors and hospitals. One of these practices involved uniformed milk nurses, who were paid a commission by the manufacturer, to distribute free samples of the breast milk substitute to poor, new mothers in developing Third World Countries. Unfortunately, for these mothers and their newborns, the free samples didn’t last forever. Coincidentally, the free samples of the breast milk substitute only lasted long enough for the new mother’s milk to dry up. In addition, the demographic...
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...NESTLE-THE INFANT FORMULA CONTROVERSY CASE BRIEF For over 20 years, Nestlé has been directly and indirectly charged with involvement in the death of Third World infants Most of the charges alleged due to discouraging breast feeding among Third World mothers Misuse of the products, thus contributing to infant malnutrition and death Nestle sought clarifications from UNICEF and WHO so as to identify the immaculate measures THE RESPONSIBILITIES Be involved in baby friendly campaigns Create breast feeding awareness Create awareness pertaining to usage instructions for the formula Continue their efforts on social responsibility Reposition themselves in the market Reduce pushing sales through channels like hospitals Have a cut on giving free samples ACCUSATION AVOIDANCE Understand the country’s culture Support breastfeeding and its benefits Encourage using formula for special situations only Analyse health hazards and implications of the formula A STEP FOR THE FUTURE Understand tradition, life style, economic status, natural conditions of the host country Conduct studies about the possible medical implications Involve in morality rather than bottom line increase DECISION TO MARKET THE RD FORMULA IN 3 WORLD COUNTRIES Marketing techniques used: Free samples given Mass marketing to general public Nearly all of these advertisements depicted healthy white babies being fed by the formula. Pushing sales through hospitals and maternity wards by dumping the formula...
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...Introduction Prior to the early twentieth century, women had only two choices for how to feed their infants: they could breastfeed their infants themselves, or they could seek out a “wet nurse.” In the 1920s, a third option was introduced in developed nations—infant formula, a manufactured alternative to breast milk. Depending on its audience, this alternative was seen as a lifesaving option, a modern way to feed a child or a shameful health risk. Many people who have heard about the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes have expressed interest in knowing more about it. Baby food for the infants is the most sensitive one. Doctors suggest exclusive breast feeding for the infants. But for some cases like sickness, temporary disablement or for any other reasons mothers cannot breast feed to their babies. And for that they have to choose infant formula for their infants. Like any other products, parents of infant go through a selection process to choose a baby food. The purpose of this document is to provide concepts and terms of business ethics regarding marketing infant formula or baby food in the developed and low developing countries. Some of the scenarios of Bangladeshi baby food industries have also been analyzed. What is the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute The Code is a set of recommendations to regulate the marketing of breast-milk substitutes, feeding bottles and teats. The Code was formulated in response to the realization...
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...female, while others love them, and some think that they are evil and a mark of death. In every era, from early and middle ages, through the renaissance, and then 19th and twentieth century, breasts have fascinated human beings. Breasts are more than a body part that we need for reproduction, they play a major role in the development of society and our social norms. The controversy of importance is argued by doctors as well as piers. Today most people affiliate breasts with vanity. People have always loved the beauty in breasts, but society has lost the value in them and why they are beautiful. What is so great to look at, when everyone’s got them, and if they don’t, they can buy some at your local doctor’s office. So why do people buy them? And is bigger the better? There really isn’t an answer to that question because they are both very broad topics and constantly changing. We can try and interpret these answers with social norms which vary in different cultures, or we can look at research and biology and try and answer the questions scientifically. Either approach will lead you to controversy because over time there purpose in life has changed significantly. And there are debates all over the world today about how and when should breasts be exposed. Boobs in the big picture are an attraction for men and feature for women. Sociology: Humans are obsessed with women’s breasts and since the beginning of man the breast has been the first source of nourishment and...
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...Topic: complexities and realities of Global Health Implementing effective global health programs is a difficult task as there are complex issues involved. These issues arise from the distinctive barriers that exist in poor communities as well as from the fundamental complexity of the health care field. Despite efforts made to improve the global health, there are some barriers faced majorly in developing countries which can be grouped into two broad categories: infrastructural barriers and patients behavior. According to Dr. Manchanda’s book titled “the upstream doctors”, effective care for most illness requires understanding the social conditions of one’s patients, and this is true because patients are faced with various limitations that deter them from accessing good medical services. Fear, finance, cultural belief, distance to Health Centre or Hospitals, lack of awareness about treatment availability and benefits, and poor health outcome after treatment, are some of the major contributory factors that deter patients from accessing good medical services, thus, causing a decline in health status globally. Poverty is also a contributory factor especially in developing countries. This can be explained in patient’s inability to purchase drugs or hesitancy to seek proper medical attention due to lack of funds. These barriers can be tackled using the holistic response that includes both social and cultural approach. The means to achieve success is to involve local health care professionals...
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...Journal of Business Strategy THE NESTLE BOYCOTT: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLANNING Rafael D. Pagan, Jr. Article information: To cite this document: Rafael D. Pagan, Jr., (1986),"THE NESTLE BOYCOTT: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLANNING", Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 6 Iss 4 pp. 12 - 18 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039126 Downloaded on: 10 January 2015, At: 02:12 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1761 times since 2006* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Downloaded by UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD At 02:12 10 January 2015 (PT) N. Craig Smith, (1987),"Consumer Boycotts and Consumer Sovereignty", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 21 Iss 5 pp. 7-19 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004694 N. Craig Smith, (1989),"Consumer Boycotts", Management Decision, Vol. 27 Iss 6 pp. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ EUM0000000000050 Edmund S. Muskie, Daniel J. Greenwald, (1986),"THE NESTLE INFANT FORMULA AUDIT COMMISSION AS A MODEL", Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 6 Iss 4 pp. 19-23 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039127 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 422267 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose...
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