...Contribution to Global War no. Terror after2013): 37-56 37 PAKISTAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR AFTER 9/11 Dr. Hidayat Khan∗ Abstract Pakistan’s contribution to the “War on Terror” far exceeds its strength and size. Pakistan lost more than 35000 lives to save American people from another 9/11 attack. Pakistan’s economic loss amounted to 67 billion US dollars but still the US is not satisfied with Pakistan’s performance and pressurizes it to “Do More.” In this situation what should Pakistan do as a sovereign state? At the same time what is the international community’s responsibility towards Pakistan as a partner in this global war? The United States (US) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have been fighting against the Taliban for the last decade but the war is nowhere near its end. This study is an exploration of the question whether war is the solution or the problem? Key Words: War on Terror, World Response, Pakistan’s Contribution, Operations, Agreements. Background P akistan has always played a constructive role in the United Nations (UN) — it is one of its largest net troop contributors and its active role in the solution of world issues is internationally recognized. It borders three major strategic regions; South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East, and its geographical proximity to Afghanistan has made it an important partner of the United States. Pakistan has played a significant role, both during the Cold War and as a non-NATO...
Words: 8479 - Pages: 34
...HIST 1302 War on Terrorism When researching the world's current affair concerning terrorism, it is hard to say whether or not the global war on terrorism has been an effective one. Since the attack on the World Trade Centers in New York City on September 11, 2001, former president of the United States George W. Bush, vowed to defeat terrorism. Years later, this pledge has yet to be fulfilled, and even with the assistance of many countries worldwide, the threat of terrorism is still noticeable more than ever, which debate whether the global war on terror is achieving success. Besides, to entirely retain the topic, one must be knowledgeable with the definition of terrorism and it can be describe as an act of violence or threatened violence intended to spread panic in a society, and to bring about political changes. Terrorists do not actually live in their resident or native states, they also roam or wander to neighboring countries, and cities abroad and often go undetected. The organizing logistics and man power it takes to combat terrorism is massive, and it seems more obvious that the global war on terrorism is not succeeding due to the necessary three factors. First, that The United States has generated a terrorist haven in the Middle East. Second, international help for the global war on terrorism is diminishing. Third, since September 11, terrorism has been on the constant increase. Former American President George W. Bush on March 19, 2003, publicizes to the world that...
Words: 1050 - Pages: 5
...Douglas Fung Mr. Braganca HRE-4M1 Saturday, March 9th, 2013 CPT Part A Annotated Bibliography Topic: #30. Ethical Response to Terrorism Essay Question / Thesis: According to the American Heritage Dictionary, terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons. Has global terrorism escalated to an extent so that the ethical response to extremism is no longer a viable alternative; forcing global intervention and the active use of extreme measures in the name of peace keeping? Annotated Bibliography: Source #1: Cook, Martin L., Dr. “Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare.” Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare. Santa Clara University, Sept. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2013. <http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/cook.html> The author of this essay, Dr. Martin L. Cook, is an Elihu Root Professor of Military Science and a Professor of Ethics under the Department of Command, Leadership and Management at the U.S. Army War College. Under the guidance of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army, Cook was asked to prepare this paper. Prior to his current position, Cook engaged his professional expertise at the Santa Clara University and taught under in the Department of Religious Studies. Cook’s paper first states that as...
Words: 1410 - Pages: 6
...Global Social Issues and Change Paper Vincent Valenzuela, Chuck Pennington, Steven Stoney SOC/100 July 19, 2011 John Gomez Global Social Issues and Change Paper Global social issues are present in all areas of the world affecting world economies, its environment, our capabilities as humans, and our processes for making decisions regarding cooperation at the global level. These issues affect a large number of people around the world, directly or indirectly. It is estimated that some 1.1 billion people are affected currently by violent conflict or at extremely high risk of being affected in the future. The persistence of conflict has ripple effect far and wide. These issues have prompted world leaders to initiate new measures, spearheaded by the U.S. under the Bush Administration after the attack on September 11, 2001. Today, one complex issue that has been around for a long time is terrorism. Modern terrorism has become a global issue that has hit our own country here in the United States. Terrorism defined as, is the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes or the state of fear and submission produced by terrorism or terrorization. (Dictionary.com) Also, there could be sub categories that terrorism can fall under; political psychological coercive dynamic and deliberate. There are many types of terrorism that are seen throughout the world today. These examples are, but are not exclusive to the following; state terrorism...
Words: 2069 - Pages: 9
...Discussion: Integration of the Global War on Terrorism with the War on Drugs Unfortunately, like the war against Terrorism, there is also a war against drugs. It appears to be a connection between drug activity and the undermining of governments around the world (Creed, 2007). Mark Kleiman states, “…links between illegal drugs and terrorism are important considerations in formulating a drug control policy and a campaign against terror.” After the events of September 11, Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Northern Command was created to pay close attention to utilizing all resources that are available to counter terrorism as well as use those very resources in a way that will combat the fight against drugs. Both fights (Terrorism/Drugs) should be considered as one. With integrating the two, the transformation of the drugs can become more global rather than domestic, just as terrorism is a global threat (Creed, 2007). The elements of national power play a major role in developing strategies must be synchronized and stick together in a way that when faced with national and international power the end product can be a success. “Narco-terrorism is defined as a complex nexus between the illegal drug trade and terrorism. DEA describes narco-terrorism as a group of organized individuals working together in order to further, or fund, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets with the intention to influence their respective ideologies. DOD...
Words: 852 - Pages: 4
...1 – CASE ASSIGNMENT Question 1: Global definitions of terrorism are presented in the background reading. Provide a critique of these definitions. What would you propose as a global definition of terrorism? |To Define Terrorism | |Debate over what constitutes a terrorist or a terrorist assault occurs with each mass violent attack. In remarks to the Center for | |International Policy in Washington DC, on November 2001, former Ambassador Keeley (2002) discussed the necessity to define | |terrorism, and illustrated the challenge of constructing a definition that can be applied steadily. (Keeley, 2002) Thirteen years | |later six different U.S. government agencies have differing definition of Terrorism, and there is no consensus on a definition. | | | |Critique of Definitions of Terrorism | |Although the wording used in the within the definitions varies, there are key words each of the agencies emphasize. The U.S. Code | |Of Federal Regulation does not distinguish between a government and sub national group who uses terrorism as a method. United | |States Code Title 22, Chapter 38 and the...
Words: 1455 - Pages: 6
...In what ways, if any, has globalization transformed the phenomenon of terrorism? Introduction The idea of terrorism has not always been as it is today. The word “terror” originated after the French Revolution and the word “terrorism” was subsequently recorded by the Académie Française in 1798 (Roberts 2002). The regime of “la Terreur” was one of force and bloody repression against opponents to the newly born French Republic, but since the 19th century, terrorism has come to designate a method of opposition used by small groups (Tilly 2004, 8-9) “against the legitimacy of the prevailing sovereign power” (Scruton 2002, 126). As Barkawi (2006, 129) aptly puts across “‘terror’ is often used as a weapon by those who lack sufficient weapons to fight a military war, who believe their voices are not being heard and their desires bear no fruit”. Contrary to the French “terror”, “terrorism” is then no longer a practice of the State; it is that of radical groups opposing the State, and it is mainly the State that gives them this name (Townshend 2002, 3); the names these groups give themselves are in relation to a cause they see as legitimate. Such causes have arisen in numerous places, prompting some to take extreme but in their minds justified action, and Europe has faced terrorist threats long before the 9/11 attacks, incarnated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group (ETA) in Spain or the Red Brigades in Italy, to name only a few (Barkawi...
Words: 2778 - Pages: 12
...Terrorism of 21st Century Sabeena Singh DeVry University April 20, 2014 "Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, and -- huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong." George W. Bush Addressing the Nation on September 11, 2001. (Intellectual Takeout , 2014) During the 1990s, the end of the cold war led to an entirely new global security environment, marked by a focus on internal rather than inter-state wars. In the early 21st century, new global threats emerged. The attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States clearly demonstrated the challenge of international terrorism, while subsequent events heightened concern about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the dangers from other non-conventional weapons. The organizations of the UN system mobilized immediately in their respective spheres to step up action...
Words: 3124 - Pages: 13
...Terrorism is a Political Term 'States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil...' President G. W. Bush, 29th January 2002 State of the Union Address Abstract: As can be seen from the above quote, ‘terrorism’ is a political, derogatory term with no real, inherently meaningful definition and, with the war being waged against it in its tenth year, one that has divided the world. One reason for the division stems not from the nature of its ambiguity or any fundamental change in its manifestation, but in the West’s difficulty in conceptualizing the motivations behind its many faces. ‘Terrorism’ does not define the motives behind an act of terror. It characterizes them, and this is what has led to its increasing use as a political term, particularly since 9/11. The reasons go beyond mere semantics however and, in the context of the Global War on Terror, have fueled not just the conflict but the surge in recruitment and sympathy that has taken place for terrorist causes across the world. It needs to be recognized that the use of terrorism as a political term has actually had more of a negative impact on the world than any terrorist attack to date. Introduction: Since the coinage of the term ‘terrorism’, its characteristics have always been synonymous with organized violence and a political end-goal. Until recently, however, its employment had been more of a vernacular convenience than a political expression. Over the last...
Words: 2840 - Pages: 12
...Geography 206 Sec.15 4/2/2016 War on Terrorism Introduction Terrorism was dated back all the way to the first century, were a Jewish group called the Sicarii were willing to kill their enemies and their enemies associates in order to drive out the Roman Ruler from Judea. There was also the Hashhashin who was an Islamic sect who were located in Iran and Syria from the 11th to the 13th century. Though these groups were not consider terrorist in the modern sense, the use of violence to affect politics was a clear sign of terrorism. The word terrorism comes from the Reign of Terror which was started by Maxmilien Robespierre in 1793, following the French revolution. The definition of terrorism is an illegitimate use of force or violence against people and their property and is used to intimidate or persuade a government and its civilian population to advance their interest of political or social objectives. It is very effective tactic for the weaker side of a battle and can change flow or pace of a war. The act of terrorism has been used throughout history to prove dominance to a certain group of people. The war on terrorism affects people and the countries these people live in all around the world in many ways, for example, the war on terrorism effect the economy globally. According to the 2015 Global Terrorism Index, the cost of terrorism to the world was 52.9 billion in 2014, and it was the highest amount since 2001. Not only that the war on terrorism affect the economy, has it...
Words: 1889 - Pages: 8
...self-governing institutions together with its reintegration in the region. Counterterrorism is one of The U.S. interests associated to Iraq among others. Today's U.S. policy on terrorism mainly focuses on the aspects of the terrorist threat. The First is that the main threat, which is that of the Islamic terrorism, is international in capacity that has now reached to an extent where it now concerns the support of the U.S. state-run security and also worldwide security. On September 1972, 11 athletes from Israeli were killed by Black September Organization at Munich Olympic. This Black September Organization yet again kidnapped and then killed the Ambassador of U.S. and his Deputy Chief and also a Belgian civil servant. The United States together with the United Kingdom has repeated been bombing Iraq territory in the earlier years. Now the States association wishes to put into effect the resolutions of the United Nations band also to end the rule of Saddam Hussein through overthrowing it in a major military process. The arrangement is strictly criticized by the global society and more mostly by countries like Germany and France who had officially announced that with no Security Council declaration, the attack by the United States on Iraq would be infringement of the global law. Nevertheless, the United States has still remained intact even with these declarations, most likely because the US can prefer to provide way to home accepted view and helpful forces...
Words: 2553 - Pages: 11
...Global Crime Analysis Paper Jessica Cross CJA/394 October 20, 2013 Global crimes transcend national borders and threaten American citizens and communities, businesses, and institutions, as well as global security and stability. The classification of global crimes can be categorized according to if the behavior is international and constitutes a crime against the world, or if the act is transnational that affects the interests of more than one state (Global Solutions, n.d.). The contents of this essay will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed. Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global Solutions, n.d.). Human Rights and War Crimes are inhuman acts committed by an extensive or systematic attack aimed against individuals, such as genocide, crimes against...
Words: 1391 - Pages: 6
...Terrorism The United States has opened the eyes of the global community to terrorism after the attacks of 9/11. These attacks, by terrorist group Al Qaeda, were aimed at the United States and the allies of the country, which is a little recognized fact. On September 11, 2001, more than 80 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and one aircraft which thanks to its brave passengers would miss its intended target, undoubtedly saving many lives while unfortunately taking some of much value. After the world opened its eyes to this impending threat, it then responded with support for the United States in its newly forged battle. Because of this, the United States should show other nations the same support; terrorism, no matter where it takes place, is a global battle, and should be treated as such. Terrorists can attack anywhere at any time, so to sit back and not take action when another faces such ordeals as those taking place on 9/11 would be wrong, but not just that-it would also almost ensure that these acts continue on and on, never ending. It will take the combined efforts of nations to destroy terrorism. Counter terrorism is how a country responds to stop terrorism, and here too the international community is working together identifying and locating terrorists residing in varied places all around the world. The FBI, CIA, Department of Defense (all US organizations) are also aiding in the search. The United States leads the...
Words: 840 - Pages: 4
...getting involved in fights • Inability to tolerate boredom • Disregard for right and wrong • Poor or abusive relationships • Irresponsible work behavior • Disregard for safety Background of World Anti-Terrorism Day: Terrorist activities have increased multi-fold over the last decade. A global initiative uniting all nations is required to combat terrorism. After the 9/11 terrorist attack on the U.S, terrorism has become the primary cause of concern for nations. History of World Anti-Terrorism Day: The concept of World Anti-Terrorism Day was initiated because thousands of youth are lured into the folds of terrorist camps and organizations each year. May 21 is observed as Anti-terrorism day every year. Purpose of World Anti-Terrorism Day: The Purpose of observing World Anti-Terrorism Day is to: Spread the message of global peace and non-violence. Deter vulnerable youth from following cult practices and being misguided. Commemorate and honor the sacrifices made by thousands of soldiers who battled against terrorism. Pay homage to the victims who lost their lives in terrorist attacks. Device ways and hold awareness programs to protect the future generations from radical influence. Important Features of World Anti-Terrorism Day: Features on...
Words: 2861 - Pages: 12
...SECURITY RESEARCH PAPER A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM Piers Hutt piershutt@hotmail.com 1 March 2015 A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM ABSTRACT Purpose: To critically examine the threat of modern terrorism to Western society. Design/methodology: An assessment was made of publically available documentation. The paper is then divided into a number of sections. It initially deals with the difficulties of defining terrorism, followed by its symbiotic relationship with the media. The next section looks at the modern Islamic Fundamentalist threat and the primarily neocon response since 9/11. Whilst the US has withdrawn combat forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, a bipartisan approach has been maintained to counterterrorism. The dangers of such an approach are examined along with emerging threats. Table of Contents * Abstract * Introduction * Define * Role of the Media * Psychology * Modern Terrorism * The Response * Counterview – The Dangers * Looking Ahead – The Next Potential Threats * Another Approach * Conclusion INTRODUCTION “Terrorism has become part of our daily news diet. Hardly a day goes by without news of an assassination, political kidnapping, hijacking or bombing somewhere in the world. As such, incidents of terrorism have increased in the past decade, the phenomenon of terrorism has become one of increasing concern to governments....” Introduction. With the recent high profile terrorist attacks in Sydney...
Words: 7041 - Pages: 29
