...British Journal of Nutrition (2006), 96, Suppl. 2, S61–S67 q The Authors 2006 DOI: 10.1017/BJN20061865 Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective ´ John H. Kelly Jr and Joan Sabate* Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA The epidemiological evidence for the cardio-protective effect of nut consumption is presented and reviewed. Four large prospective epidemiological studies of primary prevention of coronary heart disease are reviewed and discussed (Adventist Health Study, Iowa Women’s Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study and the Physicians’ Health Study). Other studies of nuts and coronary heart disease risk are addressed. The combined evidence for a cardio-protective effect from nut consumption is summarized and presented graphically. The risk of coronary heart disease is 37 % lower for those consuming nuts more than four times per week compared to those who never or seldom consume nuts, with an average reduction of 8·3 % for each weekly serving of nuts. The evidence for a causal relationship between nut consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease is outlined using Hill’s criteria for causality and is found to support a causal cardio-protective relationship. Nuts: Cardiovascular: Coronary heart disease: Diabetes: Cohort studies: Causality: Hill’s criteria Nuts have constituted a part of mankind’s diet since pre-agricultural times (Eaton & Konner, 1985), providing a complex food...
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...Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1. Jed W. Fahey, S c.D. PEER REVIEWED Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Lewis B. and Dorothy C ullman C ancer C hemoprotection C enter, 725 N. Wolfe Street, 406 WBSB, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205-2185 Email: jfahey@jhmi.edu Trees for Life Journal 2005, 1:5 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.tfljournal.org/article.php/20051201124931586 Receiv ed: September 15, 2005; Accepted: November 20, 2005; Published: December 1, 2005 Copyright: ©2005 Jed W. Fahey This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the C reative C ommons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Moringa appears to be a nutritional and medicinal cornucopia. The author, a Western-trained nutritional biochemist who has studied some of Moringa’s phytochemicals for almost a decade, gives a brief commentary and extensive references, and presents a table introducing some of the tree’s most intriguing features. This is the first article in a series, and will be followed by more detailed analysis of some of the strongest claims made regarding this edible plant. Vie Art Abstract Moringa oleifera, or the horseradish tree, is a pan-tropical species...
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...SNACKS TO GO (CASE 11) 1. Sathers’ company objective was to be one of the first companies to produce a healthy zip lock package filled with nuts and natural snacks. The objective was to tap into the market of people who led busy lives and wanted to eat a snack in a package that was resealable to enjoy at a later time. Since the Sathers’ nuts and snacks weren’t as well-known as their candy, they were able to build stronger brand awareness that was introduced through their Snacks to Go line. 2. In developing Snacks To Go, Sathers’ product conducted a market development strategy. His product, which was ultimately selling healthy snacks, was already in place but he was selling to different kind of customer. The customer he was selling to was the one on the go. With his innovative zip lock resealable bag it appealed to a new market, which would put this snacks to go in the Market development. It can also be used as a penetration to the existing customers who previously enjoyed nuts but now can enjoy the convenience of the snacks in a busy setting. 3. Their study revealed, “that most consumers who preferred resealable packaging would switch brands and pay more for the food protection, convenience, and freshness that resealable packaging offered.” In their case, over half of the their respondents preferred nuts in a resealable packaging, and for those who ate nuts more often, most “believed that it was important to preserve the freshness of the food, to keep it from drying...
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...high-protein content, peanuts can be a used as a dietary supplement for low-income families. In a study about the importance of nuts in the diet, researchers conclude that peanuts supply almost the same amount of nutrients to the diet as the other sources of protein (Lino et. al 82). In addition, peanuts are cheaper and longer lasting compared to other protein sources like meat and poultry. These features make the peanuts an efficient food in terms of “energy cost”, and a great economical option for families with limited income that are looking for a high-protein alternative to fast and processed foods, which have considerable health risks. Furthermore, one of the most important recent uses of peanuts, which demonstrates their the high nutritional value, is the treatment of malnutrition in developing countries. The World Health Organization, UNICEF, Doctors Without Borders, and other non-governmental organizations have been using a fortified peanut-based food paste called Plumpy’nut or RUTF (Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food) in patients who have severe acute malnutrition with excellent results. According to the WHO, severe acute malnutrition affects almost 20 million children worldwide, and it is the most common cause of death in children under five years of age. The WHO estimates that “about 1 million children die every year from severe acute malnutrition” (2). Additionally, studies show that without proper treatment, severe acute malnutrition...
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...the environment and the health of the consumer. In order to understand why GMOs have these effects, it is important to know exactly what a GMO is and how these differ from the normal breeding farmers have done for years. The Free Dictionary defines a GMO as “An organism whose genetic characteristics have been altered using the techniques of genetic engineering.” It goes on to explain that modern science has the ability to modify the genetic makeup of plants and animals. Scientists can even transfer genes from one species to another. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/genetically+modified+organism Advocates of genetically modified organisms say that the use of the gmos could end world hunger they also say we could create plants and animals that are resistant to disease and tolerant to pesticides. They can also engineer plants to be drought resistant. They argue these changes would stop famine because the plants could naturally resist. The proponents use pathos to convince people they have the answer to world hunger. They show you pictures starving people around the world and tell you their “improved” seeds make hunger go away. Perhaps it could but the studies do not prove that yet. In fact, the only feeding study done with humans showed that GMOs survived inside the stomach of the people eating GMO food. This does not mean it is safe for our consumption. No other follow-up studies were done to determine the long term effects on humans. Instead the studies flash warning signs not...
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...17 4.1.2 Soil and Water 17 4.1.3 Fertiliser and Pesticides 17 4.1.4 Solid Waste, Waste Water and Air Emissions 18 4.1.5 Energy Efficiency 18 4.2 Social sustainability 18 4.2.1 Labour and wages 18 4.2.2 Children 19 4.2.3 Gender 19 4.2.4 Working conditions and wages 19 4.3 Economic sustainability 20 4.3.1 Supply Chain Equitability 20 4.3.2 Value adding 20 5. Towards a cashew and sustainability PPP project 20 5.1 Possibilities for an export orientated project intervention 20 5.2 Possibilities for a local market orientated project intervention 22 5.3 Potential project partners and region 22 6. Literature 23 Abbreviations |CNSL |Cashew Nut Shell Liquid | |EMA |Environmental Management Accounting | |EU...
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...S w 9B08M053 THE HEALTH NUT Colleen Sharen and Vanessa Strike wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2009-08-11 FALLING IN LOVE: THE HEALTH NUT Late in the afternoon on January 20, 2006, Chris Bregmann hung up the phone. Her account manager had just called to tell her that the bank was not going to extend any further credit to her small retail natural health products (NHP) store located in Grand Bend, Ontario. Bregmann and Vince Bury, her life and business partner, had owned The Health Nut since May 2003. While they had successfully grown sales, the business was not generating enough cash to sustain itself and provide the partners with adequate compensation...
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...has stated that GMOs would reduce the use of herbicides. I argue that GMOs can pass their herbicide-resistant genes onto other species such as weeds. This would potentially result in “superweeds” that are becoming more immune to genetically modified crops which would result in farmers having to use more herbicides. To back this up, a study released by Food & Water Watch finds the quick adoption of genetically engineered crops by farmers has increased herbicide use over the past 9 years in the U.S. Summary: As my colleague Tianna has mentioned, GMO’s should be banned because there is a lack of research about the...
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...DIVERTICULITIS Essay HISTORY- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Diverticulitis is an intestinal inflammation occurring as a complication to the disorder of diverticulosis. The global epidemiology is associated with the western culture diet, being far more common in industrialized countries like the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, and much less prevalent in Asia and Africa. These two conditions were rare in the 18th century and appear to be linked to the reduction of fiber in flour due to the development of roller mills that replaced grist mills in the late 1800’s. Roller mills were a more efficient method of refining wheat into flour; however this resulted in the destroying or removal of most of the fiber from the grain. This type of flour absent of fiber became the staple of most flour products from that time forward. Another theory on the advent of these two conditions was a change in consumption to increased refined sugar and meats in western diets during the same time period. SYMPTOMS: The majority of people with diverticulosis will have no symptoms and will not require any treatment. If the condition is symptomatic, cramping and abdominal pain, typically in the lower left abdomen, within the large intestines or colon can occur. When diverticulitis develops due to material in the divertulum, the inflammation or infection may produce inflamed areas which can result in pus or abscesses which can rupture and cause high fever. Other symptoms may be constipation and...
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...COMMUNICATION II CHRISTOPHER TOWER DECEMBER 23, 2012 Benjamin Franklin was a vegetarian; he lived to be eighty when the average life span was fifty or sixty. Vegetarianism is a healthy lifestyle for many people in the world today. While some people who just cut meat out the diet and don't substitute other forms of protein can become very unhealthy. Adding a better form of healthy protein to one’s diet is scientifically proven to improve health. About seventy percent of all dieses including some cancers are related to diet. Becoming a vegetarian can help to treat some dieses like cardiovascular dieses and even multiple sclerosis. Animal products can slow down the immune system; animal fats can lead to clogged arteries and excessive meat in a diet takes away necessary energy. Livestock today can be treated very inhumane and almost tortured; animals are also injected with growth hormones, antibiotics and even steroids. By cutting meat out of the diet then those chemicals are not ingested into the body. Vegetarianism is a healthy way to improve one’s health, with the ability to improve dieses and keep unhealthy pesticides out of your body. There are many different types of vegetarianism, the first is Vegan. Vegans don’t eat anything made by animals, not only do they not eat meat, they don’t eat milk, cheese or eggs, either Lacto-vegetarians don’t eat meat as well; however, they include milk into their diet. Including milk and eggs into the diet is called, Lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Pesco-vegetarins...
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....List (at least) 3 important facts that the author uses to support the main idea of the article. 1. research in the last few years has consistently shown that all this avoidance often does more harm than good. In many cases, we need to be doing the opposite. 2.Researchers enrolled 640 infants at high risk for allergies, between 4 and 11 months of age, in a trial and randomized them to one of two groups... Children who had proven sensitivity to peanuts, but consumed them in their diet regularly, were less likely to develop a peanut allergy than children without sensitivity who avoided them. 3. In September 2015, the A.A.P. - along with others— argued that “health care providers should recommend introducing peanut-containing products into the diets of ‘high-risk’ infants early on in life.” . Why are the issues raised important?...
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...Nutrient Source and Significance SCI/220 May 14,2013 Jason Roberts Nutrient Source and Significance The key component to living a full and health life is getting the proper amount of nutrition to be healthy. Nuts, fruits and vegetables, provide our bodies nutrients that keep your body healthy. Deep fried foods, and foods made with many of sugar and processed foods, such as the cakes that are bought in the stores and salty snacks. It has been proven such foods may slow a person’s ability to think properly. When eating carbohydrates choose the brown or green ones those are the good ones, whole wheat bread, sweet potatoes, brown rice are the good carbohydrates. White bread, white pasta, white potatoes, and white rice are the bad carbohydrates. There is an exception to the rule, cauliflower is good. The carbohydrates should mainly be made up of unrefined complex starchy and fibrous carbohydrates. There must use self- discipline to Limit things such as sugar and sweets and try to eliminate refined carbohydrates altogether from your diet. Your diet should be made up of unrefined complex carbohydrates. The molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function cells are lipids. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes certain vitamins. When most people think of lipids its negatively because they are associated with fats. Although some lipids have the classification as fats, lipids...
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...Working Paper Series No. 16 Agricultural Marketing and Supply Chain Management in Tanzania: A Case Study Elina Eskola 2005 __________________________________________ ______________________________ 2 Success under Duress: a Comparison of the Indigenous African and East African Asian Entrepreneurs ESRF Study on Globalisation and East Africa Economies ARGICULTURAL MARKETING AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY Elina Eskola12 ABSTRACT This study describes the prevailing marketing arrangements in Tanzania at local, regional, national and export markets using Dar es Salaam, Ifakara, and Mtwara as case study examples. The major impediments for trade in Tanzania has been categorised into three groups: 1) Physical infrastructure, 2) know-how and capital, and 3) institutional framework. Insufficient physical infrastructure in terms of roads increases the cost of transportation, works as an informal market barrier, forms a wedge between the supplier price and consumer price, and increases the loss of perishable products. Lack of know-how shows in poor market orientation and business skills, and leads to difficulties in managing and obtaining loans. Furthermore, the current institutional framework is unable to support the formation of strong traders and producers’ associations and other representative bodies to enhance capacity building and to bargain for fairer terms of trade. In addition, the lack of market information and the weak legal framework...
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...Sathers expended their production lines to nut productions in 1960’s. By the early 1960’s, Sathers convinced to get business by distributing cookies and candies products to Kmart grocery shops which cost two bags of $1.00. This established Sathers original ‘TWO for ONE’. Through Kmart groceries distributions, Sathers candies distributed nationwide by 1972. In early 1990s, Sathers owned nut and candy manufacturing plants in Hopkins and New Orleans respectively and film printing manufacturing company which was based in Rogers, thus increased their packaging capabilities. At this time, Sather employed approximately 1500 manpower, at all manufacturing and distribution centre’s. In 1992, robotic facilities were introduced in manufacturing sector to systematic operation until palletization. Sathers centralize their operation centre in Round Lake, in order to monitor manufacturing plants, distribution centers and printing plant systematically. The systematic managements and computerized system enable telemarketing tracking, monitoring, account and also recording more efficiently whenever the distribution centers running out of stocks with trucking fleets running efficient 100 percents. Introduction of Snacks to Go product into market had not been encouraging as company targeted. The marketing plan was not well planned for consumer market. Company Mission – 21st Century Continue to develop our position in natural snacks, cookies and nuts products, but we will dominantly be...
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...Medlife, Iasi ABSTRACT Vegetarianism may have implications on the growth of children and adolescents. There are different types of vegetarian diets: some may be suitable for children, other deficient in essential nutrients. If a vegetarian diet is done properly and includes fortified foods it can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases. Restriction or exclusion of products of animal nature can lead to low intake of essential nutrients. Keywords: vegetarianism, child Childhood is the period when nutritional habits are acquired, when growth is intense and when deposits of essential nutrients are stored. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, vegetarianism is defined by “the consumption of a diet that contains vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals and sometimes eggs and dairy products” (1). Vegetarianism may have severe implications on the growth of children and adolescents, therefore it is necessary to assess the nutritional status of vegetarians to insure optimum growth and a good health state and to prevent potential deficits. There are different types of vegetarians (1) – Table 1. Each of these diets has implications on the nutrition and health of children and adolescents. The reasons for which one adheres to a vegetarian diet are different: • economic reasons: in some countries, vegetables are cheap; • the risk of omnivorous diets and the negative publicity on the diseases emerged as a consequence of the consumption of animal products; ...
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