...Zero-Tolerance in Memphis The Memphis School District had a transformational change happen, when Superintendent Willie Herenton left his position to become the first black mayor of Memphis, the school district hired Dr. Gerry House, in 1992, from the outside because they felt that her experience in a school district that had already been restructured would lead Memphis school reform. It was noted in that case written by Ferrero (1998) that school board thought she could unite “progressive white and African-Americans, based upon an unassailable intellectual vision of high quality schooling” (p. 4). There was escalating violence against staff in the Memphis School District. They adopted the National Gun-Free School Act into their Student Code of Conduct and later added battery of school personnel and drugs possession as a Zero-Tolerance offense. The teachers looked at the revised policy and as a tool to get what they considered as problem students out of their classroom so they could concentrate on teaching the students that wanted to learn. This caused a conflict between Superintendent Gerry house and the Memphis Teachers Association. Superintendent Gerry House put incremental changes in place with her “Basics Plus” plan that allowed the schools to choose one of eleven school improvement models by 1999. The School Boards adoption of Zero-Tolerance reversed a long tradition of keeping...
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...Schools (APS) should entertain the idea of a hybrid public school transportation system, composed of contracting and in-house operations. A hybrid system can work for the APS because: - The cost benefits of privatization reduces transportation cost, which can lead to more money in the classroom. - Keeping experienced, happy bus drivers with the district can reassure the public that safety is a top priority. Atlanta Public Schools can structure a plan for hybrid transportation to fit the needs of the more than 50,000 students in the school district; about 22,000 of those students rely on the school bus to get to and from school according to the FY 2015 General Budget. School districts are more likely to contract out services when the views of the superintendent and school board support privatization. BACKGROUND As public school system budgets fluctuate since the recent recession, school officials are finding ways to cut cost, by contracting out services that indirectly tied to student instruction. Janitorial, food and transportation operations are non-instructional school functions that could save districts money without reducing education opportunities. With population growth and maintenance...
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...During Pratap's exile, he received much financial assistance from Bhamashah, a well-wisher. The Bhil tribals of the Aravalli hills provided Pratap with their support during times of war and their expertise in living off the forests during times of peace. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Maharana Pratap From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Maharana Pratap singh | The Ruler of Mewar | | Reign | 1568–1597 | Born | May 9, 1540 | Birthplace | kolyari, Kumbhalgarh, Juni Kacheri, Pali | Died | January 19, 1597 (age 57) | Predecessor | Maharana Udai Singh II | Offspring | 3 sons and 2 daughters | Royal House | Sisodia, Suryavanshi Rajput | Father | Maharana Udai Singh II | Religious beliefs | Hindu,Rajput | Maharana Pratap pronunciation (help·info) or Pratap Singh (May 9, 1540 – January 19, 1597) was a Hindu Rajput ruler of Mewar, a region...
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...will identify my Congressional District (i.e. U.S. House of Representatives District) and my district’s Member of Congress. Using the Web site of the House of Representatives (www.house.gov) I will research the geographical scope and demographic composition of my district, as well as the key issues that my congressional representative has worked on. Congressional Background I live in the 18th congressional district of Illinois. The representative for this district is Aaron Schock. (http://www.house.gov/). The major cities located in my district are Peoria and Pekin. The 18th district of Illinois is made up of 20 counties and three metropolitan areas, Peoria, Springfield and Jacksonville. The population is over 650,000 people. The district includes all 11 counties President Abraham Lincoln represented during his one term in Congress, 1847-49. The district continues to be a test market for nearly every sector of our economy. The district is rich in history, diversity and has a remarkable business environment. I would define the region as predominately urban as these cities are heavily populated. Congressman Aaron Schock, 31, is the youngest member of Congress and represents the 18th District of Illinois. (http://schock.house.gov/biography/). Schock currently serves on the highly coveted House Ways and Means committee. He serves on three Ways and Means subcommittees: Trade, Oversight and Social security. Schock also serves on the committee on House Administration and as the Chairman...
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...Bureaucrats are his agents and he is the principle. _ Structure of Congress _ Qualifications for members of Congress senate- 30, citizen 9 years, live in state house- 25, citizen 7 years, live in state _ Reapportionment redistribution 435 seats in the house of reps after the census _ Drawing congressional district lines (Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), redistricting, gerrymandering, cracking, packing, racial and partisan gerrymandering, political consequences of gerrymandering) This decision requires each state to draw its U.S. Congressional districts so that they are approximately equal in population. Redistricting to favor a political party. Cracking= Spreading like-minded voters apart across multiple districts to dilute their voting power in each. This denies the group representation in multiple districts Packing= Concentrating like-minded voters together in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts. _ Individualism in Congress (including factors that contribute to it) _ Single-member districts electoral district in which a single person is reelected _ Plurality elections determining an elections winner by who ever receives the most votes wins _ The incumbency advantage (and why it is higher in the House than in the Senate) higher chance of being re elected higher in the house because closer to the people _ Franked mail free mail for members of congress _ Models for analyzing Congress distribution model- institutions of congress...
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...Constitution of the State of Illinois ARTICLE I BILL OF RIGHTS SECTION 1. INHERENT AND INALIENABLE RIGHTS All men are by nature free and independent and have certain inherent and inalienable rights among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. (Source: Illinois Constitution.) SECTION 2. DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law nor be denied the equal protection of the laws. (Source: Illinois Constitution.) SECTION 3. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed, and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privilege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship. (Source: Illinois Constitution.) SECTION 4. FREEDOM OF SPEECH All persons may speak, write and publish freely, being ...
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...Miami School District Negotiation MGT/445 An increase in student enrollment has caused the demand for a restructure of the Miami School District. The school board has hired experts to redraw school boundaries to be submitted for next year. Under the restructure, there will be many students that will not be able to stay at his or her present schools. There will also be local businesses, homeowners, and other areas that are affected by the redistricting. At first talk of the redistricting the school district did not mention anything to the current stakeholders of the district. When the word of the redistricting gained the attention of parents, they starting voicing their opinions to the school board with the concerns of the quality of education, increased travel time, the crossing of economic and cultural boundaries, the effect of property values and the social effects of this move on the children. The following paper will address the concerns of the stakeholders, and the best way to handle the negotiation process between the Miami School District and its stakeholders. Quality of Education Parents of the children in the Miami School District are concerned of how the transition into a new school is going to affect their children. For the younger children in preschool and elementary the concerns are being in new surroundings, having new teachers and trying to make new friends. Some children will be taken away from their comfort zone. In the middle school and high school...
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...* Controversy- etymology (word origin) From Latin: “against” (contra) and “versus” (verse) Contra = against or in comparison with Implies difference of opinion or contrast Verse = line of writing Implies opinions expressed in some type of public arena Controversy- definition A prolonged public dispute or debate. Disputation concerning a matter of opinion. “Prolonged” - matters are unsettled over time, lasting “Public” – not private, concerning people as a whole “Dispute / debate” – challenge, taking exception to “Opinion” – personal belief or judgment Synonyms of controversy- disagreement, difference ALSO- contention, strife, argument, dissonance, lack of harmony, heated conflict Controversy- Denotation v. connotation Denotation = meaning The most direct, exact, specific meaning of a work or expression Literal meaning- meaning without interpretation, embellishment, or exaggeration A dictionary definition. Subjective and “cold” Connotation = suggestion Emotional coloration Suggested or implied meaning in addition to what is explicit, objected, denoted Impression that goes beyond a defined meaning Emotional association with a word, phrase, idea Subjective and emotively “loaded” September 17 Democracy- people, common people. People’s rule. Types of democracy Direct- when all members of a community (polity, group) gather together and individuals cast a vote or make decisions=each person is given a chance to influence the policymaking process Representative-...
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...hard to determine. When the Beacon Hill Historic District was created the 1960s, there was great debate about what areas should be included in it. After heated debate, Lawmakers left out the Eastern Slope from being included in the Historic District because they saw “Bowdoin Street [as] the logical line between the new and the old Boston, between government and city offices and convenient residential district” (Born 12). However, the exclusion the Eastern Slope is a mistake because even though the buildings in the area were not built before the 1880s, it’s still closely connected with the Historic District. First, past of the Eastern Slope collectively used to be known as Bullfinch’s Pasture, as Charles Bullfinch’s grandfather, once owned it. From Bullfinch’s Pasture, “Several Streets were laid…including Bullfinch Street, extending southward from Bowdoin Square to Somerset Street, and Bullfinch Place, a short lane running off Bullfinch Street to present-day Bowdoin Street.” (Kirker 74) Moreover, given the importance that Bullfinch has had on the area enclosed within the Historic District with his architectural...
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...Miami School District Negotiation paper Mike Austin MGT 445- Organizational Negotiations August 8, 2011 Carlos Campos Miami School District Negotiation paper The Miami school district had an unexpected increase in the school’s enrollment. With the enlarged enrollment, the district, forced to look at the upcoming school year and the boundaries of the school district. The Miami school district will work with experts to redraw the boundaries of the school district to help reduce the size of the school enrolment. Therefore, with the boundaries redrawn some students will attend the upcoming school year at a different school. The parents, of the students attending Miami schools are upset and protesting the school districts new plan to change the boundaries of the district. In order for the school board to move forward the district needs to hold a public meeting explain the need for the change in the districts bounders and explain to the parents what the outcome is if the boundaries are not changed before the upcoming school year. In the paper, the paper will cover the concerns of the parents and the ways the Miami school district or board plans to deal with the parents concerns. Quality of education The parents of the students attending Miami school districts are concerned about the type of education his or her child will receive with the district’s new plan in place in the upcoming school year. One of the biggest concerns for the parents is that the students have...
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...Who is Leevy ? Katniss’s niece. What does Haymitch put on Gale’s scars ? Snow. How many times was Gale whip ? About 40 times. When does Katniss’s mother knows who she really is ? When a sick person is brought to her. For which occasion does Prim use the painkillers ? When someone is dying. What was Cray disliked for ? Because he bringing starving women in his bed in exchange for money. What is Mrs. Everdeen injecting into Gale’s veins ? Morphling. What is Katniss’s nickname ? Catnip. Who is Clove ? The Everdeen’s cat. For who is Katniss fighting for ? Rue and her sister Prim. What is the distance between Katniss’s house and Peeta’s house? Three houses. How long did the storm last ? Three days. As the uprising grows in the other districts,...
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...of redrawing congressional district lines so that one political party has an advantage over the other. In most states the state legislature has control over redrawing district lines, thus the majority party has control of congressional districts. The party in control of the state legislature will redraw district boundaries to give them more seats in Congress. The U.S. Constitution calls for a national census to be taken every ten years for reapportionment purposes (which is determining how many representatives each state gets based on its population at that time). This means that the federal redistricting process takes place the year after each census is taken. For example, the last national census was in 2010, and the redistricting process started to take place in 2011....
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...1 there are 8 sections. Article 9 talks about what Congress can and cannot do. Section 1-5 also put the requirements to run for The Senate and for the House of Representatives. The rules are in Sections 5-6. Congress's powers are explained in Sections 7-8. Article 9 talks about the powers denied to the Congress, They cannot deny the writ of habeas corpus, cannot spend money for a law to be passed, no biased opinions towards an states. Article 10 explains the power denied to states. Who’s in Charge of What? For the following titles you’re going to find out who has that position....
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...surprise, Florida’s 2nd District turned out to be one of the closest House races this past election, between Republican Steve Southerland and opposing Democrat Gwen Graham, where Graham trumped the incumbent by just over 1 percent of the votes (Ballotpedia). What each of these candidates hoped to accomplish within their represented district differed dramatically, and now that it’s nearly six weeks past Election Day, its clear that Gwen Graham will have the opportunity to show the people of Northern Florida what she’s capable of. It’s an interesting case that a Democrat, and a female nonetheless, has secured her seat in a district that has been predominantly Republican in regards to congressional elections. The rural makeup and political landscape has naturally favored the Right in recent decades, but Graham was able to raise, and therefore spend, significantly more money within the region. The democratic victory was significant in an election that was defined by an overwhelming red republican wave as shown in Table 1. The money aspect of Florida’s 2nd, coupled with the image that each candidate aimed to display during their campaigning are two of the main concepts that will be discussed more in depth throughout the remainder of this study. As previously mentioned, North Florida, including Florida’s 2nd District is ultimately rural and has a constituency that is 71% Caucasian, stretching a whole thirteen counties. Although mainly republican, the district has voted more liberal...
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...local public schools? Linking house price capitalization to school spending ✩ Christian A.L. Hilber a,b,∗ , Christopher Mayer c,d a London School of Economics, Department of Geography and Environment, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK Spatial Economics Research Centre (SERC), UK Columbia Business School, Uris Hall #808, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA d NBER, USA b c a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 19 October 2007 Revised 19 September 2008 Available online 27 September 2008 JEL classification: H4 H7 I2 R31 Keywords: Capitalization Elderly Land supply School spending While residents receive similar benefits from many local government programs, only about one-third of all households have children in public schools. We argue that capitalization of school spending into house prices can encourage even childless residents to support spending on schools. We identify a proxy for the extent of capitalization—the supply of land available for new development—and show that towns in Massachusetts with little undeveloped land have larger changes in house prices in response to a plausibly exogenous spending shock. Towns with little available land also spend more on schools. We extend these results using data from school districts in 46 states, showing that per pupil spending is positively related to the percentage of developed land. This positive correlation persists only in districts where the median resident...
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