...Examination December 7, 2011 Robin Johnson 1. How was Christian Education conducted for African Americans during slavery and while was operational? Christianity and Education was of utmost importance to the African culture. Africans came to America with a rich and dynamic heritage, which they tried to preserve. Black religion, like Black people, began in Africa. In trying to find a starting point of Christian Education, many scholars believe it may be found in the sacred text of the New Testament. Africa’s contribution to Black religion is well known and John Jackson is an advocate of this position. He has cited several legacies of Egypt to Christianity. Education was an experience that was required by each person in a tribe. The community to which one belonged defined what it meant to be human. To be human was to belong to a community and participate in beliefs, rituals, and ceremonies of that community. African Education was the oral instruction that emerged through their music, dance, folk tales, rituals, proverbs, poetry, and so on. These tools served as instruction. Slaves during the Antebellum Period formed new ideas and practices on their own that pronounced longing for freedom. These meetings were held in the brush harbors and praise houses, and were thus coined the “invisible church”. Story and song were the sources of education during this period of slavery. This oral communication was used as the education structure and was indispensable. 2. What role, if any...
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...60 hermeneutics.92 Therefore, there is some urgency to restore for the Christian biblical interpreter a theological understanding of Scripture. C. M. Wood rightly points out, “As theological inquiry, theological hermeneutics is critical reflection upon Christian understanding.”93 Thus, in this section we will explore three aspects that nourish our theological understanding of texts: (1) Divine discourse, (2) Intertextuality, and (3) Canonical-linguistic approach: theo-drama. 92Stephen E. Fowl, Engaging Scripture: A Model for Theological Interpretation (Malden: Blackwell, 1998); idem, The Theological Interpretation of Scripture (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1997); John Webster, “Hermeneutics in Modern Theology: Some Doctrinal Reflections,” SJT 51 (1998):...
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...Introducing World Missions: A Biblical, Historical, and Practical Survey is a highly practical and informational summary of the field of missions written by Scott Moreau, Gary Corwin, and Gary McGee. The target audience is unequivocally students of missions and others seeking to learn more about cross cultural missions. Moreau, Corwin, and McGee describe their book as “a general introduction to contemporary missions” (7). Introducing World Missions contains a wide range of useful information. Topics range from definitions, to mission history, to practical advice for families. The book is packed full of personal testimonies from missionaries, quotes, maps, tables, case studies, and other helpful tools. The publisher has also included a useful copy of the Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions on CD. Those wanting to know more about missions and the life of a missionary will not come away disappointed or empty handed. There is something for everyone....
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...Theology of Missions Paper GLST 500: Liberty University Spring 2016 Introduction Theology of missions is one of the most significant and enduring aspects of the Christian faith. The theology of missions is about witnessing and bringing the word of Christ to others and is a foundational aspect of individual religious works as well as the works of fellowships, worshippers, and the whole of Christianity. "Mission [is] 'looking beyond', being involved in God's worldwide adventure with people from many culture" [1]. As exciting as the ideal sounds the importance of mission is foundational in a changing context of faith, as more and more people step away from traditional religious worship and multiculturalism and ecumenical ideals stress transition in the faith [2]. Thus, through this paper, I will discuss the relevance of missions within the Old Testament and the New Testament, how the nature of God relates to missions, some key themes of the theology of missions and how mission theology relates to missionary, church leaders and lay people not in fulltime ministry. Old Testament and New Testament “The mission of God lies behind the whole of the Old Testament as well as the New Testament and the particular task which we call missions today” [3]. In the Old Testament, God is a sending or missionary God. In Mark 16:15-16 (NIV), God said, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation. Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved…”. Just as Saul did, in 1 Samuel...
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...Introduction to Pastoral Theology (P7101B) Assessment 2 – Class Presentation DEFINITION OF MISSIO DEI What is ‘missio dei’? It is a Latin theological term, which literally means ‘the mission (or the sending) of God’. Although the concept is as old as the Bible itself, the theology of missio dei originated in an essay written by noted theologian Karl Barth in 1932. It did not gain wide acceptance until 1952, when it was presented at the Willingen Conference of the International Missionary Council Meeting. Throughout history, God has been working towards the restoration of His creation – this is the essence of missio dei. God has been calling on His people, from within and beyond the church, to take part in this ongoing mission to build His Kingdom on earth. David Bosch in ‘Transforming Mission’, defines missio dei as: “God the Father sending the Son, God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit, and the Father, Son and Holy Spirit sending the church into the world”. He goes on to state that, “Mission is not primarily an activity of the church, but an attribute of God. God is a missionary God. Mission is thereby seen as a movement from God to the world; the church is viewed as an instrument for that mission. There is church because there is mission, not vice versa. To participate in mission is to participate in the movement of God’s love toward people, since God is a fountain of sending...
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...Study Guide: Lesson 3 The Importance of Philosophy for Christians Lesson Overview In our last lesson for this module/week, we examined why developing the philosophical mindset is important for people in general. In this lesson, we want to ask that question specifically for Christians. What value does philosophy have for Christians? We will begin by examining the biblical basis for developing a philosophical mindset. We will discuss the biblical mandate for philosophy and three elements in fulfilling that mandate. We will then survey a number of roles that philosophy functions for Christians. Finally, we will examine the role that the Bible plays in doing philosophy. Tasks Read and take notes from chapter 3 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, “What Athens has to do with Jerusalem: The Importance of Philosophy for Christians.” As you read, make sure you understand the following points and questions: • Know the historical and literary background to Col 2:8. Paul starts this passage off with a Greek term “blepete” meaning “beware” or “be on your guard.” Then follows this with a strange phrase that literally means “to be carried off as booty” but here is probably meant more like “kidnap” The literal wording here is actually “philosophy and vain deceit” knowing the historical and literary context of this passage one can see that Paul is not condemning philosophy in general. He is contrasting two kinds of philosophy: one that is based...
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...Even in theological colleges, administrators find it difficult to departmentalize it. Some colleges have regarded it as course under the ministry department while others saw it as one under the theology department. Others have gone beyond to see it as department on its own. This uncertainty if I may put it, speaks of missiology as an interdisciplinary subject that needs great attention in dealing with it. This piece of work attempts to research into the competing definitions of missiology at the same time draw basic elements that any missiological models. My choice of these questions is primarily based on the notion that any definition of missiology should also reflect the basic elements of the missiological model. Missiology is the academic discipline or science which researches, records and applies data relating to the biblical origin, history (including the use of documentary materials), anthropological principles, techniques and the theological base of the Christian mission (Tippet 1987, xiii). If this as Tippet puts it, then the theology, methodology and data bank as a church are particularly directed towards: 1. The processes by which the Christian message is communicated, 2. The encounters brought about by its proclamation to non-Christians, 3. The planting of the church and organization of congregations, the incorporation of converts into those congregations, and the growth and relevance of their structures and fellowship, internally to maturity, externally in...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY COMPARISON PAPER #2 EFFECTIVE BIBLICAL COUNSELING DAVID POWLISON, M.DIV., PH.D. A PAPER SUBMITTED TO REV. DR. MARIO GARCIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE PACO 507 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY JOHN M. SIMMS PHOENIX, ARIZONA JULY 04, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................2 Summary of Material………………………………...........................................................3 Practical Application…………………………....................................................................7 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………….............8 Introduction – Goal of Biblical Counseling David Powlison has developed a biblical theology of biblical counseling with the foundation of this counseling style being the Bible as God’s authoritative word. Powlison believes that the Bible is sufficient to provide the basic framework for the counselor in addressing every problem in any area of life. Powlison is quoted as saying, “it becomes clearer and clearer that Scripture is about counseling: diagnostic categories, causal explanations of behavior and emotion, interpretation of external sufferings and influences, definitions of workable solutions, character of the counselor, goals for the counseling process…These are all matters to which God speaks directly, specifically, and frequently. He calls us to listen...
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...and Teaching from the Old Testament: A Guide for the Church. Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group, 2003. 222 pp. Paper. $8.99. Walter C. Kaiser Jr. is an evangelical Old Testament scholar, writer, public speaker, and educator born in 1933. He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Wheaton College, Bachelor of Divinity from Wheaton Graduate School, and both M.A. and Ph.D. in Mediterranean studies from Brandeis University. He was the president of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary until 2006. He was the Colman M. Mockler distinguished Professor Emeritus of Old Testament and Old Testament Ethics. Prior to this he was Senior Vice President of Education, Academic Dean, and Senior Vice President of Distance Learning and Ministries, and Professor of Old Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. In 1977 he was the president of the Evangelical Theological Society. Currently he serves on the boards of several Christian organizations. He is the author of dozens of books and commentaries. Also many of his articles appear in the Journal for the Study of Old Testament, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Christianity Today, Westminster Theological Journal, and the Evangelical Quarterly. His primary purpose in writing this book, Preaching and Teaching from the Old Testament: A Guide for the Church, is to address the lack of preaching and teaching from the Old Testament that is currently going on in the modern church. The general consensus is that the Old Testament just...
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...Michael Servetus A Research Paper A Paper Submitted to Dr. Jerry Sutton In Partial Fulfillments Of The Requirements For The Course CHHI-525 History of The Christian Church II BY Andrea Gearing Cumming, Georgia August 17, 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 MICHAEL SERVETUS EARLY LIFE-------------------------------------------------------3 BRIEF SUMMARY OF MICHAEL SERVETUS WORKS-------------------------------6 THE TRINITY AND MODERN SCHOLARSHIP-----------------------------------------9 MICHAEL SERVETUS THEOLOGY------------------------------------------------------10 CONCLUSION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 BIBLIOGRAPHY------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 INTRODUCTION The first time I was introduced to Michael Servetus, I was a student at Liberty University. I had never heard of this important figure in History. At any rate, I had begun to find ways to learn more about him. It was on a Wednesday night, one week before the night of my church Bible study that I had to submit a discussion board question of Michael Servetus in church history. I arrived at Bible study with Michael Servetus in my spirit. When I arrived at church my pastors opening statement was: "In 1553, Michael Servetus was burned at the stake for what I am going to teach to you tonight." His statement really captured my intellect...
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...INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE SIGN GIFTS------------------------------------------------------ ARE THE SIGN GIFTS FOR TODAY OR HAVE THEY CEASED-------------------------------- ARE THE CONTEMPORARY SIGN GIFTS BEING PRACTICED BIBLICALLY-------------- CONCLUSION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Introduction This charismatic gifts debate will explore God’s biblically stated purpose and intention for His supernatural gifts to be manifested in the practice of the New Testament Church. The question of whether the Bible declares if sign gifts are to be expected until the return of the Lord Jesus Christ, or have those gifts ceased, will be researched. The contemporary use of the sign gifts will be examined in the light of Scripture. Biblical research will reveal that in fact, only certain of the gifts of the Holy Spirit have ceased with the completion of the Canon; and with the death of the last Apostle John. What is the Purpose of the Sign Gifts It is understood by most scholars that the sign gifts...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY A Select Issue in Contemporary Theology: God-Is-Dead Theology Submitted to Dr. Lee Mitchell, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course THEO 510 – B01 Survey of Theology by Kevin Curtis July 1, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction/Thesis Statement 1 The French Revolution 2 Immanuel Kant Albrecht Ritschl Friedrich Nietzsce 3 Bultman Bonhoeffer Van Buren Hamilton Altizer Conclusion 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction/Thesis Statement One of the most difficult questions today posed to Christian believers is to prove the existence of God. It by all appearances seems that the Christian belief, far more than any other is under attack by groups who are opposing not just belief in God but also a direct attack on religious freedom. By religious freedom the author here does not focus on the right to choose your religion, but to practice it openly without fear of legal retaliation or of retaliation of any kind. The God-Is-Dead Theology is not a new belief but has existed since the late nineteenth century with its roots founded in statements made by Friedrich Nietzsche who lived from 1844 and died in 1900. The sole purpose of this paper is to show the historical workings of those “theologians” who created the God-Is-Dead theology, how it got its possible rise stemming from the events of the French...
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...Research Paper Of “A Select Issue in Contemporary Theology: Charismatic Theology." THEO 510-C03 LUO (Fall 2012) Survey of Christian Doctrine Dr. Eunice Abogunrin, Professor Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Carol H. Montgomery (ID# 24993689) November 11, 2012 CONTENTS COVER PAGE 1 CONTENTS 2 THESIS 3 INTRODUCTION 3 CHARSMATIC GIFTS DEBATE 3-12 CONCLUSION 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 INTRODUCTION This research paper will show that biblical referred to as glossolalia; the ability to “speak in tongues” is fiercely debated. While the Bible gives clear examples of genuine glossolalia, which will be examined later, the modern debate centers around the need or not, nature, importance, and usage of “tongues” today. Lastly, this paper will examine the biblical accounts of glossolalia along with more occurrences that are contemporary to determine whether modern episodes of “tongues” are needed or not needed. Out of all the gifts, the one that Paul speaks of the most controversial is the gift of tongues. "Glossolalia" is the most commonly accepted term for "speaking in tongues." It comes from the Greek words meaning "tongues" or "languages," and "to speak." Although not exclusively, "speaking in tongues" is primarily practiced by Pentecostal Christians. Glossolalia is the "prayer language" of Pentecostal churches. Some Christians who speak in tongues believe they are speaking in an existing language. Most believe they are uttering a heavenly...
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...MacArthur Reading Report Submitted to Dr. David W. Hirschman, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course, LEAD 635 Pastoral Theology by Shonda M. Curb September 30, 2013 John MacArthur Reading Report Introduction Pastor John MacArthur and the Masters Seminary Faculty provide a unique manual for the aspiring pastor or church leader in "Pastoral Ministry: How to Shepherd Biblically". The major theme of the writings focuses on the character and development of pastors in accordance with New Testament scripture including: Acts 6, 1 Timothy 2-4, Titus 1, 1 Peter 5. The authors demonstrate through biblical reference and personal experiences the model and character of one prepared for pastoral ministry. The aim of the text is to validate the biblical authority of the ministry, to educate in the biblical qualifications of pastoral ministry, and to outline priorities for the pastoral ministry. Summary John MacArthur and his panel at the Master’s Seminary Faculty separate the twenty chapters presented in the book into four major categories that are designed to provide the reader with a dynamic portrayal of what it takes to be an effective biblical pastor. The four categories transition the reader from the biblical perspective of pastoral ministry to the practical. They include: biblical perspectives of pastoral ministry, the preparatory perspectives of pastoral candidates, personal perspectives of the life of a pastor, and pastoral perspectives...
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...age. The age is awkward because, Christianity, having once been established in this culture is not yet clearly disestablished. Perhaps that explains why the majority of my sermons begin in Lindbeck's "experiential-expressivist" mode, beginning with the congregation's unformed and uninformed experiences and subjectivity, as if the old Constantinian synthesis were still in place, only to end as if I am a missionary speaking to pagans. Having begun in the recesses of human experience - are you depressed? Do you want self-esteem? How can we get the attention of Congress? -1 end with the renewed realization that the gospel does not merely want to speak to the modern world, it wants to assault, confront, convert, remake that world through the church and its preaching. As Lindbeck might put it, I begin, as all liberals do, as "experiential-expressivist," providing poetic articulation to what people already know, only to realize belatedly that the gospel is more "cultural-linguistic," demanding conversion into a new culture and a new mode of speaking and thinking which cannot be known without conversion. Most Sundays, in my neo-gothic, middle-of-the-university pulpit built in the heyday of North Carolina Constantinianism, speaking to a campus which is undeniably pagan not only in what is done in the dorms on Saturday night but more troublingly what is said in the classroom on Monday morning, I feel, well, awkward. Missionary bishop Lesslie Newbigin names the paganism to which I preach:...
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