...influencing consumer purchase of luxury goods and, more specifically, to consider the combined effect of brand and country of origin (CoO) on the purchasing decision. This article extends an exploratory phase constructed from qualitative data previously gathered on this topic. The study includes administering a questionnaire online in seven countries (China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the USA) to a total sample of 1102 respondents. The richness of this research relates to the possibility of an intercultural analysis of the results from seven countries. These results concern the differences in the relative importance of components of the consumer decision-making process in respect of the purchase of luxury and non-luxury goods; the relative importance of CoO for consumers making purchasing decisions relating to luxury goods; and the variation in consumers' decision-making criteria depending on the maturity of the luxury market. This research allows the authors to confirm, develop, and generalize results previously obtained in the exploratory phase of their work. They are interesting in terms of management recommendations for a company that wishes to expand internationally in a geographic area covered by the study, since the research found significant differences. The results of the research contribute also to the theoretical controversy concerning the importance of CoO in the consumer decision-making process. Keywords Country of origin; Luxury; International; Cross-cultural...
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...relationship between self-congruity and brand loyalty, and stating the moderating effect of consumers’ price consciousness: The literature review Yulia Yushchik, 10292004 Assignment: Literature review Number of words: 2498 Brand Communication Dr. Peeter Verlegh The University of Amsterdam March 30, 2012 Introduction When the popularity of the relationship marketing is growing widely, consumer-based determinants of brand loyalty are interesting and useful field to study. Brand loyalty is realized by having strategic importance for a business. The figures provided by Bain&Co indicate that a 5% increase in customer retention varies for a company’s profit by 40 to 95%. An increase in customer loyalty of 1% is the equivalent of a 10% cost reduction (Reichheld & Teal, 2001). Gounaris and Stathakopoulos (2004) also mention that loyal customers are less expensive because they reduce marketing costs. For example, several researches found that brand loyalty is positively related to word-of-mouth (De Matos & Rossi, 2008). The relevance of consumer-oriented policy has increased at the time of economic recession. Retaining brand loyalty in a difficult economic climate is a challenging task. Practitioners propose to work harder on getting to know the customers in order to better serve their needs (Slim, 2010, February 3). This allows companies to personalized loyalty programs, which is considered to be the right solution for preserving people’s loyalty to a brand. In the academic world loyalty...
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...purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. 2. Consumer Behavior The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1997). The field of consumer behavior covers a lot of ground. According to Solomon (1996), consumer...
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...purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. 2. Consumer Behavior The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1997). The field of consumer behavior covers a lot of ground. According to Solomon (1996),...
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...purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. 2. Consumer Behavior The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1997). The field of consumer behavior covers a lot of ground. According to Solomon (1996), consumer...
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...now concentrating heavily on high potential rural markets. As the urban markets are reaching to the saturation point in terms of market growth, the markets are reaching the rural markets to sustain in the highly competitive market. Heavy demand for goods and services in the rural areas is the main reason for the growth in rural markets. Different marketing strategies have been adopted by the firms to capitalize the demand. Rural India consumes more products than the urban India. Different income group consumers of different age group purchases various brands as per their preferences. Overall the marketer should understand the customer before taking up the road to the rural market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of rural consumer based on different age group. Key words: Rural Marketing, Brand Preference, Age group & Brand loyalty. Introduction Now a days rural marketing is gaining significant importance. Rural marketing rapidly gaining momentum because its high market potential. Most of the FMCG and consumer durable firms are focusing heavily on rural marketing. These firms have realized that the rural markets are more attractive in...
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...CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION “Brands are like human beings. They are born, fed and nurtured, made strong and responsible so that they can be faithful friends of the people (customers), form mutually beneficial and satisfying relationships with them and become their companions for life. Such brands, make their parents (organization or corporate) proud of them. The best brands are the ones who help in forming and sustaining strong long term “parent-brand-people” relationships. These brands form the potential for present growth and future expansion. They help the organizations conquer peaks at the time of booms and stay afloat and swim at times of depression.” We come across a number of brands in our daily lives. Our morning starts with using a toothpaste (Colgate, Pepsodent or Close-up), using a bathing soap (Lux, Fairglow or Cinthol) and shampoo (Clinic All Clear or Vatika), wearing clothes ( Allen Solly, Levi’s or Raymonds), breakfast bread (Britannia or Modern) and butter (Amul) or jam (Kissan), lunch and dinner (Nature Fresh or Pillsbury flour and Safal vegetables), morning and evening tea and coffee (Tetley, Nescafe or Bru), going out in a car (Hyundai Santro, Honda Accord or Mercedes Benz). Talking on the cell phone (Motorola, Nokia, Siemens or Samsung), watching television in the evening (LG, Sony or Philips) or listening to music (Philips or Apple) etc. But how often do we think of what all a company does to put a positive imprint (fight for a shelf space) in the mind of...
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...ISSN 0378-5254 Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol 31, 2003 The importance of apparel product attributes for female buyers Ernest J North, Retha B de Vos and T Kotzé OPSOMMING Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die bevindinge van ‘n empiriese ondersoek te rapporteer wat uitgevoer is om vroulike verbruikers se aankoopbesluite vir ‘n kledingstuk te ontleed wat gebaseer is op die waarde wat hulle aan sekere eienskappe van die produk heg. Alhoewel menige studies in die verlede verbruikers se houdings jeens produkte en hul eienskappe gemeet het, is die moontlikheid van die effek van interaksie tussen die attribute oorgesien. In die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks het die literatuurstudie getoon dat daar ‘n behoefte is aan ‘n studie om te bepaal wat die waarde is wat vroulike verbruikers aan sekere produkeienskappe heg voordat aankoopbesluite gefinaliseer word. ‘n Vraelysopname is as primêre data-insamelingsmetode gebruik waartydens die respondente versoek is om aan te toon wat hul voorkeure is vir dertig gepaarde kombinasies van die produk en sy eienskappe. Hierdie studie het op vier eienskappe, naamlik handelsmerk, styl, kleinhandelaar en prys gefokus. Hipoteses is geformuleer en voorkeurkeuse-ontleding (“conjoint analysis”) is vir die ontleding van data gebruik. Die bevindinge toon aan dat daar beduidende verskille is in die waardes wat vroulike verbruikers heg aan die eienskappe van ‘n kledingstuk voordat aankoopbesluite geneem word. INTRODUCTION Although the apparel...
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...Research Project Report Submitted By: Influence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Sportswear Submitted To: Dr Navreet ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We owe a debt of gratitude to (professors name), for the vision and foresight which inspired us to conceive this research project on topic Influence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Sportswear as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for her support in completing the project. We would like to express our gratitude towards member of (institute name) for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help us in completion of this project. Our thanks and appreciation also goes to all the respondents who took time to fill the questionnaires and helped us out with their abilities. INDEX S. NO | CONTENTS | PAGE NO. | 1 | Statement of the problem | 4 | 2 | Background of the Problem | 5 | 3 | Purpose of the Study | 6 | 4 | Setting for the Study | 6 | 5 | Research Questions | 7 | 6 | Definition of Terms | 7 | 7 | Factors of Brand Loyalty | 8 | 8 | Grass roots marketing | 11 | 9 | Hypotheses | 12 | 10 | Methodology | 12 | 11 | Hypothesis Test | 13 | 12 | Sample Questionnaire | 14 | 13 | Respondents’ Information | 16 | 14 | Graphs | 18 | 15 | Analysis | 20 | 16 | Research Questions Analysis | 20 | 17 | Conclusion | 21 | Statement of the Problem This study focuses on various aspects of building brand loyalty towards youth consumers and how current marketing strategies in the...
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...The case is about The Riley’s poor experience of buying a refrigerator. They purchased a completely new refrigerator from one of the greatest mall chains in Canada, the Canadian. The refrigerator subsequently began to malfunction. After receiving poor service from the vendor’s service center they tried to think of an effective approach to handle the situation. They had to decide to both do nothing at all and treat the situation as an isolated incident, walk away vowing not to ever deal with this particular retailer/brand, or prepare a written complaint to the retailer and protest about the service and demand some form of an apology and compensation. I believe that the “Chantale and Clinton Call for Service” is an actual case addressing various managerial fields such as: Consumer Behavior, Marketing Management, Quality Control Management, Public Relations Management, Managerial Communication, and Customer Relationship Management. Consumer Behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Marketing management is a business discipline which focuses on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm's marketing resources and activities. Quality Control Management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level...
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...Business and Information Technologies Brand preference on Mobile Purchase among the Students of Roskilde University Bachelor of business studies Project Report Supervisor: Professor Poul Dines Submitted to Department of Communication, Business and Information Technologies Submitted by Ramesh Rijal, Student number: 50593 May 24, 2013 Student Number: 50593 I declare that “the brand preference on mobile purchase among the students of Roskilde University” is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Ramesh Rijal rrijal@ruc.dk i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank for the people for their various contributions to complete this bachelor project. • • • • • Rikke Krogh, Secretary to the study board, Department of business, for her help and suggestion in every step of my learning activities My supervisor, Professor, Poul Dines, for his constant advice, assistance and guidance throughout the study Supervisor Professor Safania Normann Eriksen for her valuable insights and feedback into the research in the presentation held in the University. All the students of Roskilde University who participated in the study, for their valuable contribution and the time they gave so willingly. My family and friends, for their feedback and support during this study. ii Abstract Branding permits customers to develop association with the brand and eases the purchase decision. According...
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...Effect of Brand Image on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour on Clothing: Comparison between China and the UK’s Consumers By Kwok Keung Tam 2007 A Dissertation presented in part consideration for the degree of “MSc International Business” Table of Content Page numbers Abstract i Acknowledgements ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 The importance of brand image on fashion clothing 1.2 Background information of China and the UK clothing markets 1.2.1 China clothing market 1.2.1.1 Chinese spending habits 1.2.1.2 Impediments to China’s clothing brand development 1.2.2 UK clothing market 1.2.2.1 British spending habits 1.2.2.2 Characteristics of the UK clothing market 1.3 Theoretical framework 1.4 Objectives of the dissertation 1.5 Outline of the dissertation 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The important roles of brand 2.2.1 The characteristics of successful brands 2.3 Brand equity 2.3.1 Brand awareness 2.3.2 Perceived quality 2.3.3 Brand loyalty 2.3.4 Brand association 2.4 Consumer buying behaviour 10 10 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 2.4.1 Models of consumer behaviour 2.5 Summary 20 23 Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical backgrounds 3.2.1 Review of different research traditions 3.2.2 Quantitative versus qualitative analysis 3.2.3 Reliability and validity of data 3.3 Justification of research method 3.4 Sampling 3.5 Interview schedule 3.5.1 Stage one 3.5.2 Stage two 3.5.3 Stage three 3.6 Administration...
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... ABSTRACT The research project was undertaken to study the consumer preferences towards 150 cc motorcycles in Ludhiana city. Consumer is said to be the pivot around which the entire business activities revolve and thus it is necessary to know that how individuals make decisions. Primary data were collected from a sample of 120 respondents which was taken from the service centers of the motorcycle outlets. The factors leading to need arousal for 150 cc motorcycles were identified as availability of better pick up and elegant appearance. The main source of information about the motorcycle has been the media both print and electronic. The decision to purchase a particular brand of motorcycle was mostly made by the customer himself. The important factors considered while purchasing a motorcycle were pick up, styling and fuel efficiency. Bajaj Pulsar provides highest satisfaction in case of pick up, comfort, after sales service and maintenance cost whereas TVS Apache provides highest satisfaction in case of appearance/design and mileage. CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report “STUDY OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS 150CC MOTORCYCLES IN LUDHIANA CITY” is the bonafide work of “ HARPINDER SINGH”. Who carried out the project work under my supervision. (Dr. MEENAL CHAUHAN) CONTENTS |...
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...urbanization, emergence of small pack size and sachets, the demand for the household products is flourishing. With the increase in per capita income and wide range of choices being available, the consumers are mainly focusing on these products. The companies are finding it difficult to survive or to retain their market share due to changing trends in demand and high peak competition. In order to lure the consumers, companies study the quantity being purchased by the customers and at what price. Here, I am trying to confine myself to the detergent market in Uvarshad village, Gandhinagar (Gujarat) and find out how certain factors affect the demand of consumers for detergent. Keywords: consumer preference, purchase intention, customer satisfaction, brand position, price, consumer psychology and peer influence....
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...This sentence is the slogan of MISTERCHI, a company that sells scooters and motors fabricated in China. Their statement is an example of what academics call country-of-origin (COO). Just like MISTERCHI, multiple companies mention COO in their communication (Magnusson, 2011). In doing so, attempting to create positive product associations and increase purchase intentions amongst customers (Bilkey & Nes, 1982). Though COO is widely used, scientists debate its effectiveness (Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, 2008). Before commencing this discussion, it is important to formulate an accurate understanding of this phenomenon. Jaffe & Nebenzahl defined COO as follows: ‘The country which a consumer associates with a certain product or brand as being its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced.’ (2006: 29). According to Herz and Diamantopoulos (2013) the association can relate to both the country of manufacturing or the geographical origin of the product. Dichter (1962) was the first to claim that the mention of COO by companies has ‘a tremendous influence on the acceptance and success of products’ (p.116). This was later proved by Schooler (1965), turning COO into a topic of interest for academics (Johanson, 1985; Godey et al., 2012). As mentioned before, the effectiveness of COO is debated. Recently some scientist opted that its effects have been inflated (Liefeld, 2004; Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, 2008). They therefore argue that COO has no...
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