...What Is Deviance? The word deviance connotes odd or unacceptable behavior, but in the sociological sense of the word, deviance is simply any violation of society’s norms. Deviance can range from something minor, such as a traffic violation, to something major, such as murder. Each society defines what is deviant and what is not, and definitions of deviance differ widely between societies. For example, some societies have much more stringent rules regarding gender roles than we have in the United States, and still other societies’ rules governing gender roles are less stringent than ours. Gender and Deviance In the United States, women who cry in public in response to emotional situations are not generally considered deviant—even women who cry frequently and easily. This view of women has remained relatively constant. Over the past fifty years, however, society’s perception of men who cry has changed. A man who cried publicly in the 1950s would have been considered deviant. Today, men who cry in response to extreme emotional situations are acting within society’s norms. Male politicians cry when announcing defeat, male athletes cry after winning a championship, and male actors cry after winning an award. By today’s standards, none of these men is committing a deviant act. Relativism and Deviance Deviance is a relative issue, and standards for deviance change based on a number of factors, including the following: * Location: A person speaking loudly during a church service...
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...ASSIGNMENT 04 C06I Business Ethics Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the "Assignment Format" page located on the Course Home page for specific format requirements. Respond to the items below. 1. Define the following: a right, a legal right, a moral right, a human right. How are they related? . Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normativerules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.[1] Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice anddeontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, being regarded as established pillars of society and culture,[2]and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape ofmorality as it is currently perceived Each legal right that an individual possesses relates to a corresponding legal duty imposed on another. For example, when aperson owns a home and property...
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...------------------------------------------------- Informal organization The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. It is the aggregate of, norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and relationships are built among people who share a common organizational affiliation or cluster of affiliations. It consists of a dynamic set of personal relationships, social networks, communities of common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. The informal organization evolves, and the complex social dynamics of its members. Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization: it can accelerate and enhance responses to unanticipated events, foster innovation, enable people to solve problems that require collaboration across boundaries, and create footpaths showing where the formal organization may someday need to pave a way. Contents * 1 The informal organization and the formal organization * 2 Functions of informal organizations * 2.1 Perpetuate the cultural and social values * 2.2 Provide social status and satisfaction * 2.3 Promote communication among members * 2.4 Provide social control * 3 Disadvantages of informal groups * 3.1 Resistance to change * 3.2 Role conflict * 3.3 Rumor * 3.4 Conformity * 4 Benefits of the informal...
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...CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado - Denver Drew Harris Fairleigh Dickinson University Robert House University of Pennsylvania Second revision February 1999 Please address all correspondence to: C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado at Denver College of Business CB 165 PO Box 173364 Denver CO 80217-3364 303-556-5812 mfiol@castle.cudenver.edu CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE ABSTRACT Due to their unique relationship with followers, charismatic leaders can be powerful agents of social change. Current theories of charismatic leadership have emphasized primarily the personality and behavior of leaders and their effects on followers, organizations, and society. This emphasis fails to uncover why and how the charismatic leader-follower interaction can generate social change. Our study draws on theories of social meaning to develop a process model of charismatic leadership. Empirical exploration of our model suggests that charismatic leaders employ a set of consistent communication strategies for effecting social change. INTRODUCTION We have substantial evidence that charismatic leaders behave differently than non-charismatic leaders. Further, we know that charismatic leaders can generate radical social changes, and that the performance of charismatic leaders and their followers tends to exceed that...
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...HR Policies & Practices: Gender Diversity, Equality, & Leadership Abstract The number of women obtaining higher levels of education and positions in their careers has increased, but the number of women obtaining management and executive positions has remained stagnant. Human resource policies and practices’ follow ethical guidelines, but in practicality are more difficult to apply in the workforce. Human resource practices and policies may be influenced by the overall mindset of a company. The barriers that prevent women from achieving management and executive positions are the same barriers that prevent human resource policies and practices’ from being applied. The gaps in gender equality and wages, created by the barriers, can be discouraging to women from achieving high-level positions. Overcoming the barriers is a task in undoing the mindset that has been instilled deeply within society. Introduction Studies have shown that companies who promote female gender equality surpass their competitors on every measure of profitability, yet women are failing to attain high-level positions. Possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between men and women in senior leadership positions can be found by reviewing current data on women in the workplace, studies on the correlation between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and literature on gender behavioral differences in the workplace. Women play an increasingly significant role...
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...Pushing to build student decision making skills D.A.R.E. America partnered with Pennsylvania State University (PSU). The university (PSU) had developed a curriculum called ‘Keepin it REAL’ (kiR) as a substance abuse prevention education with Arizona State University (ASU). This curriculum would help students learn techniques to assist them in making the most informed decisions by following a four step process. To keep it REAL students would refuse, explain, avoid, and leave situations that promote negative life choices. Building best decision making practices, kiR focuses on 5 specific elements that are important for adolescents: communication competence, narrative knowledge, motiving norms, social learning, and resistance skills (Kulis et al., 2005). Using cultural diffusion, the beliefs, attitudes, and actions toward substance use differ from one culture to the next. Acknowledging the role cultural understandings play, the curriculum relies heavily on a cultural competency component to help students self-identify within the subject material (Kulis et al., 2005) . The seventh and eighth graders receive ten 45 minute lessons with specific narratives based on the population that is being taught. The narratives stem from the beliefs of Mexican-Americans, European Americans, and African Americans (Hecht et al., 2003). In this additional layer of cultural awareness students are exposed to 5 videos with students like themselves who speak...
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...Social Structure & Social Interaction, Groups, Deviance, Poverty and Social Class Both Sides Microsociology emphasis is placed on social interaction- rules, codes, survival strategies, relationships, face to face contact. 1/54 Study: Speller Learn Test Play Games: Scatter Space Race All 54 terms PrintExportCopyCombine Order by Terms Definitions Microsociology emphasis is placed on social interaction- rules, codes, survival strategies, relationships, face to face contact. Location in Social Structure People's location in the social structure accounts for differences in their behavior & attitudes Ascribed Status involuntary status; a status you inherit o Class of parents, gender, sex, ethnicity, race Achieved Status voluntary status; a status you earn o Student, criminal, doctor, friend Society people who share culture & territory Hunting & Gathering Societies simplest form of society, few social divisions, few people, nomadic, most egalitarian [treat all as equals, no one is rich or poor], society with most leisure time. Role Conflict When what is expected of us in one role is incompatible with what is expected in another role. Role Strain When the same role presents inherent conflict- one role Thomas Theorem If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences- think of people as less than and they will be treated as such. Group members of a group think of themselves as belonging together, they interact with...
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...MAKES A WORK GROUP EFFECTIVE The effectiveness of a work group can be measured by the degree to which it: 1. Accomplishes its task appropriately. 2. Enhances ability of its members to work together in the future (social system.) 3. Members experience personal growth and well-being. In order to achieve these objectives, the group must engage in appropriate processes that reflectii: 1. Sufficient effort to accomplish the task at an acceptable level of performance. 2. Adequate knowledge and skill brought to bear on the task. 3. Task performance strategies appropriate to the work and the setting Therefore, members of the group must not only pay attention to the content of group activities--that is, what the group is talking about and doing--but also to the group process—that is, how the group is going about its work and how its members are interacting. B. TASK AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE GROUP PROCESSiii Behavior in a group can be considered in terms of its apparent, as well as tacit, purposes or functions. The task and social dimensions of the group process are virtually inseparable. Task dimension: The work that the group is to perform—the job that group members have to do and how they go about doing it—measured by how effective and productive the group is. Social dimension: The relationships of group members with one another—how they...
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...Education is arguably the main factor for social mobility. The higher the level of education attained, the more respect you have. It also provides for you financially and provides a better life those receiving plentiful amounts. For immigrants coming into America, having an education puts you ahead of a majority of the immigrant population and makes you a more likely candidate for better earning jobs. Education should influence immigration policy because of the overall benefits our country receives. With more educated immigrants comes more job competition, skilled workers from low-productivity countries to high-productivity nations increases the incomes of people in America, and education is a needed expense because educating younger immigrants...
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...The importance of culture to the success of non-profit organizations There are three different sectors of industry: private, public (government) and non-profit. The non-profit sector’s purpose is simple, no matter what type of business it is they serve to meet the needs the private and public sectors lack thereof (McDonald). Most non-profit organizations (NPO) are programs that cater to the community or serve people in order to improve the quality of life or are seeking social change. By being socially responsible of others nonprofits are breaking down barriers to build a better global community. Non-profits exist in almost every industry or line of work. Some popular ones are women’s rights, animal rights, environment awareness, health, and community development. When there is a cause and a group of people willing to work for it, a non-profit organization can be formed. They range in size, from a small local organization of just a few members, to nationally recognized organizations with several locations domestic and international. Non-profits are known for having unique cultures compared to for-profit and government organizations because there is some form of moral compass driving the purpose of the NPO versus the sole purpose to make money. Culture in the workplace is essential to the success of nonprofits because it lays the foundation for the direction of the organization based on similar beliefs and values and it is the determinant of the behavior or actions of...
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...CHAPTER 7 DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL Deviance 171 Social Policy and Social Control: Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Worldwide 193 What Is Deviance? 171 Explaining Deviance 175 Social Control 182 Conformity and Obedience 182 Informal and Formal Social Control Law and Society 186 Crime 185 187 Types of Crime 188 Crime Statistics 190 The Issue 193 The Setting 193 Sociological Insights 193 Policy Initiatives 193 Boxes RESEARCH IN ACTION: Street Kids 183 sOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Singapore: A Nation of Campaigns 186 TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Holly Johnson, Chief of Research, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada 192 Cigarette smoking has become stigmatized in Canada. This newspaper advertisement, sponsored by Health Canada, reverses the typical advertising strategy of equating smoking with sexiness. 169 H eidi Fleiss was in her late twenties when she was arrested for operating a call girl service. At the time, her pediatrician father had reacted flippantly, “I guess I didn’t do such a good job on Heidi after all.” Later, he would be convicted of conspiring to hide profits from his daughter’s call girl ring. Fleiss had dropped out of school when she was sixteen and established a liaison with a playboyfinancier who gave her a Rolls-Royce for her twenty-first birthday. In her early twenties, Fleiss interned in the world of prostitution by working for Madame Alex (Elizabeth Adams)...
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...and philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a Psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology".[4][5] In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study *Introduction of Psycology Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, cognition, and emotion. Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including relating to individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from the other social sciences — anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology — in that psychology seeks to explain the mental processes and behavior ofindividuals. Whereas biology and neuroscience study the biological or neural processes and how they...
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...“A&T Students Launch ‘Sit-Down’ Demand for Service at Downtown Lunch Counter”. (International Civil Rights Center & Museum, 2014) The next item within the capsule was a small package labeled Enovid and appears to one of the first brands of oral contraceptives. Continuing to look further into the capsule we then found 2 tickets from the Washington Coliseum with a date of February 10th 1964 featuring The Beatles. Also included among these items was a flyer dated August 28th 1963 with the heading “March on Washington”. The last item we removed from the time capsule was a small patch with an eagle on it landing on what appears to be the moon with the words “Apollo 11”. I will now go onto write a little history on these items as well as their importance to us in the present day. In 1865 slavery ended and African-Americans were free to live their own lives. Although this was true African-American were still treated poorly. Segregation was used to separate the African-Americans from the white Americans. Coloreds or blacks were popular terms during this time and every public place including diners, schools transportation and restrooms were divided and marked for eithers whites or...
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...Chpt 3 Country Differences in Culture Learning Objectives: (课堂教学目标) • Know What is Culture of a Society • Identify the forces that lead to differences in Social Culture • Identify the Business and Economic Implications of differences in Culture • Understand How differences in Social Culture influence values in work place • Learn some cross-cultural analysis frameworks. Content and Schedule : (本章主要内容与学时计划) • Case study 15’ What is Culture文化 10’ ● Social Structure社会结构 20’ ● Religious and Ethical System宗教和伦理15’ ● Language语言15’ ● Education教肓15 ● Culture and the workplace文化和工作场所 45’ ● Culture Change文化的变化10’ ● Implication For Business商务含义25’ • Summary and assignments 总结和作业 10’ Special Attention(重点与难点) 重点: Determinants of Culture 文化的构成 Implication For Business 商务含义 难点: Cross-cultural analytical frameworks( 文化分析框架) Teaching Design (主要教学方法) • Instructing • Case study • Group Discussion in the class • Invite French student to join discussion (邀请法国留学生Brigitte参加案例讨论,她在 “巴黎Disney”工作过 Opening case(开篇案例) : Disney in France |案例讨论题 | |1.What assumptions did Disney make about the tastes and preferences of French consumers? Which of these assumptions were | |correct? Which were not? ...
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...Teenage Pregnancy A Significant New Zealand Health Issue In the following assignment I will discuss the significance of teenage pregnancy, as a health issue, in New Zealand. This discussion will include the significance of the issue itself, and its impact on both infants and teenage mothers. I will consider this topic looking at populations in New Zealand and include international comparisons. In the last century there has been significant changes in family size, reproductive patterns and population dynamics. As shown by the New Zealand Health Information Statistics, when looking at births, it is apparent that New Zealand women now have fewer children, later in their lives, and many forgo parenting altogether (Statistics NZ , 2003). New Zealand is said to rate high in International comparisons for teenage pregnancy. However, most recently reports have indicated a drop in our teenage birth rates. Statistics New Zealand (2002) reported the birth rate for teenagers (aged under 20 years) dropped by 6.5 percent, from 27.7 per 1,000 in 2001 to a new low of 25.9 per 1,000 in 2002. The following table summarises these significant changes in birth patterns by age of mother over the past ten years. Distribution of Live Births by Age of Mother 1992 and 2002 Table 1. Statistics New Zealand Another recent report from the National Youth Health Survey...
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