...years apologies and financial compensation has been given to a wide range of groups, including survivors of the Jewish holocaust (as well as descendants of the victims), Japanese-Americans who were imprisoned during the Second World War and native Americans who had their land illegally seized in the USA. • African Americans have been demanding compensation for slavery since the end of the American Civil War. Immediately after the abolition of slavery, the demand was for 40 acres and a mule to ensure they would not be dependent on their former slave-owners. Then, between 1890 and 1917, there was a movement to lobby the government for pensions to compensate for their unpaid labour under slavery. Since 1989, Congressman John Conyers Jnr (Michigan) has introduced a bill every year to study the case for reparations. Each of these initiatives has been largely ignored by the political establishment. • Reparations would ensure full recognition of the scale of the Maafa and, at the same time, undermine those who claim that there is no further need for Affirmative Action. They would also compensate for slavery, provide psychological relief for black anger and white guilt resulting from centuries of racial oppression and, as a result, build a more united nation based on a common understanding of American history. • To those who argued that it would be impossible to determine who...
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...Addressing Hidden Discrimination in Public Policies. Racial inequalities from the past continue to live on in several public policies today, often concealing hidden agendas that maintain segregation and economic inequality, especially against African Americans. Kevin Kruse’s “Traffic” and Michelle Alexander’s “The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness” offer important perspectives on how. Historically, seemingly beneficial laws have excluded African Americans, and increased segregation and economic disparity. Kruse reveals how creating the US interstate highway system, to expand economic growth, disrupted black communities and restricted their access to better jobs, healthcare, and education. Furthermore, Alexander’s...
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...In this assignment gives three writers their vision of the African Americans situation today. I will explain what each author means about that. Finally, I would like to discuss their opinions on my own opinion. In text one Yolanda Young writes about the importance of the election of the first black president of the United States, Barack Obama. Her main point is that the view of the Africans Americans is better than before the election of Barack Obama. Personally, Young has got a better self-confidence. Before, she was invisible in the townscape, but now people compare her with Michelle Obama the first lady of the United States. General has Obama’s accessions a president positive effect on racism in the United States. In text two, Eric Holder...
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...In ground and bottom, it does not matter if someone is white or black, American or Hispanic, we are all the same. Is it right to judge people by the color of their skin? Is treating people equally regardless of race somehow a paragon of inequality? Unfortunately, in today’s society we are judging people by the color of their skin, and not from their country of origin, ethnicity or biological. The American dream is based on the idea that; America where no matter who you are, no matter what you look like, no matter where you come from, no matter what your last name is, no matter who you love, you can make it here if you try. While the United States was built on this idea, it is becoming harder and harder for people to move up in social status...
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...Drew Kuntzi African American History to 1865 April 9, 2024 A Reflection on African American History Studying history is not merely an exercise in examining the past; it is an exploration of the complex tapestry that shapes the world we live in today. Understanding the events, ideas, and struggles of previous generations is essential for comprehending the present and envisioning the future. In this reflection, I delve into the rich and multifaceted history of African Americans, exploring key themes, events, and ideas that have left an indelible mark on our society. Throughout this semester, we have delved deeply into the history of African Americans, uncovering pivotal moments that have shaped their experiences and aspirations. Three major themes...
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...the sources of poverty and wealth” (pg.359 Social Inequality). In the documentary Sag Harbor, I saw this theory was a reality for many African Americans. The documentary stated that in 1947 a stretch of a privately owned property was divided up and made available for African Americans to purchase. During this time, many Black Americans were denied access to many things White Americans were legally entitled to. As stated in the film during the 1940s “Institutional Racism was rampant” people of color were denied access to employment, real estate, and education. During this era, segregation was legal and African Americans were given less social and economic opportunities. “Institutions consist of rules...
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...The primary point of this chapter was to discuss the inequalities of minorities compared to whites throughout U.S. history starting back during colonization of America. (Hurst, Chp 8, 2013). The two main points of this chapter are inequalities of minorities compared to whites throughout history and the whites being thought of as privileged compared to these groups. The main example used throughout the text regarding the inequalities of minorities compared to whites through US history starts back when America was colonized. The Native Americans were used for their land while African Americans were used for their work which was usually forced. The African Americans faced harsh conditions under slavery while the Native Americans were removed from...
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...Minorities and the Number of People that Access Higher Education- Is it representative? b. Problems When the Minorities and Marginalized Groups are Misrepresented in Higher Education III. Higher education and Society a. Responsibility of Universities to Influence and Make Changes in the Society b. Affirmative Actions in the U.S Universities i. Historic ii. Controversial Points- a Defense of Affirmative Action as a tool to guarantee Diversity iii. Issues IV. Diversity a. What is Diversity? i. Defining Diversity in this Research Paper ii. Nomenclature b. Benefits to Society i. Collective and Individual Benefits ii. Numerical Representation and Informal Interactional Diversity iii. Interaction and Educational Benefits V. Preparing to Work a. Corporations, Global Trade Market and their necessities i. Amicus brief General Motors VI. Improving the Country’s Development a. Social Benefits i. Democracy ii. Employment and Earning Rates b. Economic Benefits i. Qualified Workforce ii. Skills for Competitive and Diverse Business’ Environments VII. Conclusion According to Princeton Profile 2011-12 (2011), the approximate undergraduate enrollment at Princeton was 9 % Hispanic/Latino, 8% African...
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...The Impact of Slavery on American Society DeVry University Abstract The subject of slavery has been the focus of a variety of controversies, debates, and protests throughout American history. Besides the Civil War era there has not been another time in history when slavery has been such a volatile topic as it has become in the last half decade. Even in modern day America the subject of slavery evokes significant discussions and has influenced legislative decisions such as the recent removal of the Confederate flag from South Carolina’s State House grounds and other government and public locations throughout the South. This paper seeks to review the literature attaching the history of slavery and present examples of the ethnic and cultural contributions that aided in the growth and diversity of America. It will also introduce examples of today’s societal issues including educational, economic, and social variances; the right to support cultural heritage; and the significant role history plays in influencing decisions made in America today. Introduction American history is filled with heinous acts that many would like to forget happened; slavery is no exception. Although it was a necessity of the times, slavery is undoubtedly one of the most volatile topics of discussion today; not just because of the inhuman and discriminatory treatment that was inflicted on an entire race, but also because of the perceived continued existence of some of those same...
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...traveling Hank Morgan visits. Hank is a Yankee born in Connecticut who finds himself in the Court of King Arthur in the year 528, time traveling to many years before his time after being hit in the head. Hank Morgan is an ingenious, resourceful man, filled with realism and common sense, believing in complete democracy, contrasting to the Catholic Church. Hank Morgan demonstrates nineteenth-century equality, progress, and science, placed in a society that is controlled by inheritance, nobility and a dictatorial church with laws, and inhumanity. Throughout his journey, Hank...
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...Economic Inequality in Toni Cade Bambara's The Lesson Essay on The LessonA short story by Toni Cade Bambara On Action and Change Toni Cade Bambara’s "The Lesson" revolves around a young black girl’s struggle to come to terms with the role that economic injustice, and the larger social injustice that it constitutes, plays in her life. Sylvia, the story’s protagonist, initially is reluctant to acknowledge that she is a victim of poverty. Far from being oblivious of the disparity between the rich and the poor, however, one might say that on some subconscious level, she is in fact aware of the inequity that permeates society and which contributes to her inexorably disadvantaged economic situation. That she relates poverty to shame—"But I feel funny, shame. But what I got to be shamed about? Got as much right to go in as anybody" (Bambara 604)—offers an indication as to why she is so hard-pressed to concede her substandard socioeconomic standing in the larger scheme of things. Sylvia is forced to finally address the true state of her place in society, however, when she observes firsthand the stark contrast between the rich and the poor at a fancy toy store in Manhattan. Initially furious about the blinding disparity, her emotionally charged reaction ultimately culminates in her acceptance of the real state of things, and this acceptance in turn cultivates her resolve to take action against the socioeconomic inequality that verily afflicts her, ensuring that "ain’t nobody gonna...
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...History Human inabilities place challenges on individuals and minor groups. The challenges are healthy social development and economic success. Human inabilities are a haven for victimization due to stratification and economic deprivation. Illiteracy is an human inability. Illiteracy influences stratification and economic deprivation. The economic deprivation creates a sense of envy or injustice from the awareness of inequality resulting in deviant behavior (Jacobs, 2013). The cycle of crime, punishment, and poverty rise from victimization and collateral sanction for individuals and minor social groups from stratification and economic deprivation. The collateral sanction limit resources for the improvement of social status, employment...
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...According to Heldke & O’Connor (2004:530), oppression means the unfair treatment of people by the ruling group. People are not always oppressed by cruel tyrants with bad intentions. Oppression also creates injustice in other circumstances, as well. In many cases, a well-intentioned liberal society can place system wide constraints on groups and limit their freedom. Oppression can be the result of a few people’s choices or policies that cause embedded unquestioned norms, habits, and symbols These societal rules can become a “restrictive structure of forces and barriers that immobilize and reduce a group or category of people” (Heldke & O’Connor 2004:530). “Class refers to endure and systematic differences in access to and control over production of goods and services, as well as the resources for provisioning and survival” (Acker 2006: 442). “Gender, refers to the socially constructed differences between male and female and the beliefs and identities that support difference and inequality, is also present in all organizations” (Acker 2006:444). “Race, refers to socially defined differences based on physical characteristics, culture, and historical domination and oppression, justified by entrenched beliefs” (Weber 2001 :10).This paper will analyze and discuss the issue of oppressions in relation to class, gender, and race using W.E.B. Du Bois’ thoughts on race, gender, and class. Also, the intersectional theory according to Patricia Hill Collins will be used for analyzing...
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...active participation across a social revolution in America. Dr. King's purpose is to empower young African American college graduates and inspire positive involvement in the Civil Rights Movement through the promotion of non-violent means. He adopts an authoritative tone in order to persuade his prospective audience into taking action and elevating the rights of African Americans across the nation. Dr. King begins his speech to the college graduates by acknowledging the great challenge to remain awake through the social revolution and transformation from the "old order of slavery" to the "idea of freedom and human dignity". He appeals to their consciences by stating the obstacles faced by the graduates were to unify the races and dissolve racial barriers "in terms of a brotherhood". He calls for "moral and ethical commitments" in order to create "a brotherhood" because he aims to inspire educated African Americans into catapulting themselves from the bottom of the social ladder to racial equality...
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...In today’s society, incarceration has been the medium by which justice is addressed. However, within this medium, exists inconsistencies that have caused a massive population of incarceration. The most obvious inconsistency is that the majority of the prison population is composed of minorities. Furthermore, the main reason for this mass incarceration is due to the inequalities that minorities face in this country. In this literature review, an attempt is made to take a more in depth look into different elements of inequality through the views of various authors. It will include how inequality exists in employment, education, and the justice system, while identifying the link between these elements and incarceration. In addition, it will also...
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