...Abstract Language is a tool used to interact with others and express ideas, emotions, knowledge, memories and values. Language is also a vital tool for cultural expression it helps define each culture and identify them selves. Before vernacular language, people used Latin to communicate now each country uses a different language. In many places of the world knowing multiple languages is a virtue. “Language is the light of the mind.” (John Stuart Mill) The Impact of Vernacular Languages Latin was the common language used by different people and cultures to communicate. It was the written language of the courts, commerce and the Christian church. Latin had more than one form which changed over time due to the different people using the language, the educational level of the person speaking or writing it and the social status/class it was used around. The development of Latin literacy was greatly promoted in the late 8th century during the Carolingian Renaissance, which was the period of intellectual art, religion, and cultural revival in Europe. Although literacy had been previously introduced to people of the upper class and clergy during the period of the 8th and 9th century was when it became more widely spread. During the 780’s-790’s Charlemagne also known as Charles the Great or in Latin Carolus Magnus, invited Alcuin of York to become a leading scholar, teacher and his own personal tutor at the Carolingian court school. Alcuin was also asked by Charlemagne to be in...
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...It has been learned that language is a barrier to learning if the language of learning is not a home language. It has further been learned that language becomes a large-effect barrier to learning if the language of learning is not exposed on a regular basis from as young as 0-2 years then understanding and interpretation in adolescent years becomes a challenge. The literature that has been found stipulates that in order for one to master a language, they need to learn it during the critical period of age 0-7 years but my findings infer that the critical period is from 0-2 years. In order for one to master the English language, they need a well-resourced teaching during the critical period. This will, in turn, minimise factors that affect the...
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...The internet enables us to instantly communicate with people worldwide, which means an increasing amount of people will need to correspond in a language other than their own. Luckily, the internet also gives us the ability to learn another language from the comfort of our own home. Online platforms mean that Language learning is no longer an activity reserved only for the classroom. One of the online language learning platforms is Duolingo. With 120 million users around the world (Huynh, Zuo, & Iida, 2016), it is one of the most popular language learning platforms. At the time of writing, Duolingo teaches 26 languages, although most of them are only available for English speakers. After a user on Duolingo has learned new vocabulary for the...
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...Do you know those moments when your grandparents tell you “life was so much better in my days“? Or, “our youth is forgetting how to write”? I am sure you do! Just a few days ago I saw the news, that apple brought out new and more developed products. And as always my grandmother was there to give her opinion; “all this new technology destroys our grammar and language”. However, you will never guess where she read this. Exactly, ON HER IPHONE! And exactly that brought me to think about her point. How far is her statement acceptable or is she totally wrong? Well, obviously languages have changed throughout history and they are still changing today. As a matter of fact, in September 2015 the Oxford English Dictionary added hundreds of new words, phrases and senses to their online dictionary. If you just imagine how many new words must be added in a year… But, this is not the main point grandparents are going on about. Their main problem is our grammar and punctuation....
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...wonder what our body language or how we speak differently towards the other sex might mean? If you couldn’t already tell men are from Mars and women are from Venus, well that’s just a saying In another word this means men and women are polar opposites from each other.We speak differently towards each other and even our body language towards each other is different too! Why might that be? I research how and why men and women talk differently towards each other, even our body language. In my research, I found that this is a common question, since the early 90s, on how the minds of men and women think differently. For example in the book “ Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus” written by John Gray. He...
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...interaction with him through talking, listening and playing, makes all the difference to the way he learns to talk. When you talk to your child, you give him a head start in life. Language development Most language development happens in the first three years of life. Until the age of ten, your brain has a 'critical period' for developing language, especially grammar. After this age, it is more of a struggle for your child to learn to talk. That's one of the reasons why children can pick up a new language easily if they move to a different country, while adults find it far more difficult. Speech deprivation We know what happens to children when no one talks to them. Sadly, we sometimes find children who've grown up without any...
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...The Importance and Meaning of Body Language Customer Relations and Servicing - 4 Week 4 Julie Roberts Instructor: Hal Kingsley Monday, April 30, 2012 “Body language is just one element of nonverbal communication while other elements include voice tone, the environment, touch, and appearance.”(Thompson, 2012) Introduction Definition of “Body Language”: “Non-verbal communication cues that send powerful messages though gestures, vocal qualities, manner of dress, grooming, and many other cues.” The importance of body language is in part because we as humans need each other. We are social beings. In other words “We need people”. Body language is a language without spoken words and is therefore called non verbal communication. We use body language all the time, for instance looking someone in the eyes means something different than not looking someone in the eyes. Body language is usually occurs unconsciously, yet the body language we use can decide to a large extent the quality of our communication. However we can learn to control and read our body language and use it for a purpose. Body language is interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behavior from a person. Example: The way a person’s facial expressions are given, excited (eyes lit up and a huge smile), boredom (a frown, listlessness, and posture) and the list goes on. Being aware of your expressions is a key to having positive body language. Body language is not only through the use of jesters...
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...The Importance and Meaning of Body Language Customer Relations and Servicing - 4 Week 4 Julie Roberts Instructor: Hal Kingsley Monday, April 30, 2012 “Body language is just one element of nonverbal communication while other elements include voice tone, the environment, touch, and appearance.”(Thompson, 2012) Introduction Definition of “Body Language”: “Non-verbal communication cues that send powerful messages though gestures, vocal qualities, manner of dress, grooming, and many other cues.” The importance of body language is in part because we as humans need each other. We are social beings. In other words “We need people”. Body language is a language without spoken words and is therefore called non verbal communication. We use body language all the time, for instance looking someone in the eyes means something different than not looking someone in the eyes. Body language is usually occurs unconsciously, yet the body language we use can decide to a large extent the quality of our communication. However we can learn to control and read our body language and use it for a purpose. Body language is interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behavior from a person. Example: The way a person’s facial expressions are given, excited (eyes lit up and a huge smile), boredom (a frown, listlessness, and posture) and the list goes on. Being aware of your expressions is a key to having positive body language. Body language is not only through the use of jesters...
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...Learning a foreign language can be a daunting challenge, but can also be one of the most rewarding experiences in one’s life. The journey to fluency is a long and difficult path, in part because foreign language learning is not a single skill. It is the intensive coordination of multiple skill sets. These include memory, cognitive problem solving, internalizing grammar, speech fluidity, listening comprehension, and vocabulary. To the foreign language learner the process is slow and growth is almost imperceptible. However, through exposure to comprehensible input a language learner can improve (Krashen, 1985). The input hypothesis (IH) “assumes that we acquire language by understanding messages” (Krashen 1985). This hypothesis states that language learners only grow when exposed to language that is just out of their level of comfort, but can be understood (Krashen 1985, 1995). The language learner level is “l” and the level needed for growth is “i+l”. This pushes students to broaden their understanding and acquire more language knowledge. The type of input can be any type of language material as long as it is at...
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...order to do that people have to speak foreign languages. When it comes to learning a new language the most common piece of advice given from adults to children is “You are young. Now is your time to learn a foreign language”. But I have always wondered why is that? Can’t adults also learn foreign languages? Here the answer is “Yes, they can.”, but it is harder for them due to a few factors, which they should overcome if they want to easily reach their goal. Nowadays, children are being exposed to and start learning languages from the kindergarten and then continue in the school. There are some factors for these children to start learning...
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...THE IMPORTANCE OF BODY LANGUAGE IN PRESENTATION by Deborah Grayson Riegel The lecture presented by Deborah Grayson Riegel, who is a very professional speaking instructor, discusses about the importance of body language in presentation and how to do well in presentation by using body language properly. Firstly, Ms Riegel provides an example about the presidential debate between Richard Nixson and John F. Kennedy in 1960 to demonstrate the importance of body language. In this debate Nixson lost by a landslide in the poll of TV audience because of his improper body language such as his hands hidden behind the podium and perspiring, which expressed his uncomfortableness and a lack of confidence to be a president, even though he won the debate by a landslide in the poll of radio audience. As a consequence, Nixson lost the presidency in the end. This example provides a convincing evidence to prove that having positive, powerful and skilled body language could strongly impact your audience and make them feel your authority and professionalism. Secondly, since body language is NON-verbal communication, then Ms Riegel suggests that five aspects of body language, which are Posture, Gestures and Movement, Facial Expressions, Eye Contact, and Dress, should be kept in mind when making presentation. In each aspect, Ms Riegel gives explanation in detail and many useful tips to help audience understand easily, for instance, Posture should be noticeable from the moment of entering...
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...This video illustrated salient information to understand the knowledge about language development in early childhood. By introducing, communication development of children up to age five, possible supports for speech-language from pathologists and audiologists, and lastly, age-specific milestones. Communication is what we humans use in order to learn, interact with others and form relationships. As a matter of fact, from birth hearing is very critical because we learn, absorb and react in our life with it, being that, language acts like a bridge in our life that is associated with other traits. Indeed, our first five years are the most salient stages in life to build our communication skills. However, within those five years of development, each child is different so they have their own pace, for this reason, progress will always vary with speed and accomplishment. However, although each child has a unique pace, there are certain milestones in majority of the children to reach at certain ages....
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...Topic: “Language defined: Learning to use language and issues of profound importance to teachers” Language, roughly, can be defined as communicating with others. Language is more than speech and writing, it is the making and sharing of meaning with ourselves and others (Emmitt and Pollock, 1997, p.19). For that meaning to be shared the language signs and symbols are selected and used according to rules. These rules have been developed and agreed upon by the language users and must be learned by new language users (Emmitt and Pollock, 1997, p.11). The rules of language come from our every day lives, and from the environment in which we live. I will attempt to explain further how I learned language using examples of primary discourse, secondary discourse and literacy. Our first contact with language is our primary discourse. Of the three theories of how language is learned according to Lightbown & Spada (1993, pp.23-30), I would like to consider the third, which is the interactionist theory. Interactionist theory states that language develops as a result of the environment in which children live and their interactions with others. For example I was one of five children brought up in a small country town in a Catholic family. My father was a wharfie and my mother a house wife - she never ever went out to work. Much of my childhood was spent with cousins on their farm, or at home with my brother and sisters. We had very few books in our house and no television. We played in...
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...My aim here is to present three of the recommendations made in The Languages Review Final Report , presented in 2008. In doing so I acknowledge that many of the recommendations may have in fact already been actioned, however I will be presenting the report's recommendations as if they are still contemporary and relevant. 1) The first recommendation I would like to advance is from section 3.10 on Transition Coordination. The the proposal of the Training and Development Agency to develop an ages 9-14 training course I suggest would be greatly beneficial in facilitating the transition from Key stage 2 to key stage 3. The important need to do so is of course to harness the evident success of the introduction of MFLs at primary level in order to arrest their decline in uptake for GCSEs. Such a training course is essential to promote the smooth transition from Junior to secondary level by enabling teachers to coordinate activities between feeder schools and the secondary school. Questions about which languages are taught at the schools and be posed and how these can be accommodated. It will be possible to look at whether teaching staff and materials can be shared. And ideas can be discussed such as the possible introduction of a language passport for each student, so that each teacher can easily identify the current linguistic skill levels and of a student, which languages are have been learnt or are already spoken and the be better able to tailor lessons to individual needs. As stated...
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...Contents What transferable skills should students develop during their time at university? 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Research Objectives 1 3. Summary of Findings 2 4. Commentary on findings 2 Oral Communication 2 Fluency in a Second Language 3 Presentation skills and time management 3 Skills considered of least importance 3 5. Recommendations 3 What transferable skills should students develop during their time at university? 1. Introduction Transferable skills can be described as ‘skills developed in one situation which can be transferred to another situation’ e.g. problem-solving, decision-making, or communication skills. These skills are also known as ‘soft skills’, ‘key skills’ or ‘generic skills’ and are essential in all areas of life, not just in learning or work situations. In recent years Higher Education institutions have begun to identify particular transferable skills they wish their own graduates to develop during their time in third-level education. However, an essential part of identifying important skills for students to develop is to seek the opinions of students themselves. The focus of this HEA-funded project is on modern language students. Hence this survey was conducted with this student cohort only, rather than with a cross-section of the student body. Most surveys undertaken to ascertain students’ opinions on the important transferable skills for them to develop, have been surveys of diverse student populations. It is interesting to note that...
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