...When Thomas Jefferson set pen to hand to write The Declaration of Independence he had no idea the far reaching influence this document would have on the world. The United States, since its founding, has had only one government, as many other countries in the world have had many forms of government. Thomas Jefferson used the Bible as a guide for drafting The Declaration of Independence. The founding fathers based the United States Constitution on the same principles that Jefferson used. Jefferson clarified the importance of the separation of church and state in his letter to the Danbury Baptists. Each document clearly states that there should be a clear separation between church and state. The theme of The Declaration of Independence is a declaration of facts about the unfair treatment of the colonies. The Constitution in comparison is the solution to the unfair Facts listed in The Declaration of Independence. I believe Jefferson based the theme of the Declaration on Matthew 22:21, “They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's.” and Romans 13:1 "Let every person be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God and those which exist are established by God." When Madison and the other founding fathers were drafting the Constitution they continued Jefferson’s theme by posing solutions to the Facts Jefferson listed in the Declaration...
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...On March 1925, the state of Tennessee passed the Butler Act, the nation’s first law that made it punishable by law to teach evolution. The ACLU, which only formed five years prior was determined to defend any teacher willing to challenge this law; Such a teacher, was a young Biologist at Dayton High School, John T. Scopes who agreed to be tried for violating the Butler Act and was charged. The ACLU, for all its efforts, at the time had little success, took the case and hired Clarence Darrow, a famous trial lawyer of the era, to defend Scopes in, The State of Tennessee v John Thomas Scopes, commonly referred to, as The Scopes Trial. The prosecution countered with, Christian fundamentalist, William Jennings Bryan, who proposed that only creationism should be taught in school....
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...misunderstand the meaning of the “separation of church and state”. The Founders’ notion of the separation of church and state is incredibly different from what the present-day notion is. The Founders’ notion of the separation of church and state was not to erase religion from public life but that the church would not determine governing laws and the laws would also not determine church doctrine: the Founders encouraged religion, as they believed religion was an essential and vital part of the new nation (Spalding, p. 312, 2008). The Founders acknowledged the importance of religion in our country. Even when they thought their homes were being barraged and overrun, they took the time to start their important meeting with a prayer, and as John Adams put it in his letter to Abigail, he had never seen a “greater effect upon an audience” (Novak, p. 306, 2008). Novak further notes that The Founders formed a covenant with God, pledging their fidelity to Him, and asking Him to protect their liberty, and solidifying this covenant by asking Americans to set aside a day for prayer and fasting (Novak, pp. 306-307, 2008). The Founders saw religion as guidance to morality. They also believed in God’s providence and saw Him as the author of liberty. Dreisbach notes that today, the “separation of church and state” or the “wall of separation” is frequently used to separate religion from private life and thus encourage a private religion and a strictly secular state, and a philosophy “intolerant...
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...Freedom of Religion and Public Education The United States came to be because people fled their homes in search of one thing, religious freedom. It was the search for religious freedom that motivated people to leave their homes and cross thousands of miles on boats to come to America. This search for the right to practice religion freely is the reason that religious freedom is considered so important in the United States. And it is secured for its citizens through the first amendment, which reads “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ...” (as cited by Killian, 1994). This part of the article calls for the separation of church and state as well as the protection of religious...
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...Prayer In School Kevin Magilligan Grand Canyon Univ Prayer In Schools The United States was founded on freedom. One of those freedoms is the Freedom of Religion. Our forefathers knew that there had to be a separation of church and state. This allowed citizens of the US to practice any religion they may chose and the government would not interfere. A plethora of court cases have ruled that having prayer in school is unconstitutional. While having prayer in school that is not sponsored by the administration is constitutional. Groups such as Moms in Prayer are for having prayer in schools. While the American Civil Liberties Union are against having prayers in schools. "To secure the people's right to acknowledge God according to the dictates of conscience: Neither the United States nor any State shall establish any official religion, but the people's right to pray and to recognize their religious beliefs, heritage, and traditions on public property, including schools, shall not be infringed. The United States and the States shall not compose school prayers, not require any person to join in prayer or other religious activity." Congressman Ernest Istook (R-OK). Prayer in school is a debate that has been going on since the 1960’s with the landmark case of Engle V Vitale. The case found that a school wide solicited prayer recited by the students was unconstitutional. This ruling led to other litigation where school sponsored prayer was not allowed, such as during sporting...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. rests as the most remembered figure associated with the civil rights movement in the United States. The nation remembers his message as a nonviolent reach at civil rights through civil disobedience, and resistance. The resistance came from the superior race, government officials, and the white church. Eight Clergymen from said white church continued the resistance by sending a letter that criticized and rebuked King’s movement in Birmingham Alabama, the same movement that led to the incarceration of King in the Birmingham City jail. This letter accused King of creating violence in the streets, and not properly negotiating with courts or government officials before acting. King responded to the Clergymen in a letter of...
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...The United States came about by people who fled their homes in search of one thing, religious freedom. It was the search for religious freedom that brought people from their homes to cross thousands of miles on boats. This search for the right to practice religion freely is the reason that religious freedom is considered so important in the United States, and is secured for its citizens through the first amendment which reads “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ...” (as cited in Killian, 1994). This article calls for the separation of church and state as well as the protection of religious liberty. The importance of separation through the government not promoting or endorsing any form of religion, is often felt in the public school system. The reason that the separation is felt in the public education system is because public school is a government program so, it is not allowed to endorse any religion, however, the students who attend there must be allowed to retain their religious liberty. This conflict has brought about valid opinions and concerns for the different aspects of religion found in a school setting. These aspects include prayer in school being allowed in the school; the teaching of religion in...
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...My New Views on Religion Cesar Flores Religious Diversity in America “There is immense diversity within American Christianity—dozens of independent Protestant denominations or sects and various sub-groups within Catholicism—but the predominance of Christianity provides crucial context to any discussion of religious pluralism in the United States... Christianity may still dominate the religious landscape of the United States, but religious pluralism has now become its defining feature,” (Boisi Center 2). Christianity without a doubt has had a great impact on the United States in many different aspects. The Bible has been cited before in presidential speeches numerous times. The Bible has also been used in important events, such...
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... most schools were run by the churches. The first settlers in America felt that it was important that children learned to read so that they could read their Bibles. Prayer has been a part of our culture as long as there have been public schools; this helped the students develop morals and learn right from wrong. School prayer was a natural part of the settler’s school life. There is a casual relationship between taking prayer out of our schools and the downfall of our society today. The basic dispute over this issue is that it violates The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States and the separation of church and state. The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States gives every individual the same rights. One right is the constitutional protection for the free exercise of religion. The second right is prohibition of the establishment of religion by the state. The founders of the constitution recognized the freedom of religion as an important factor in establishing a democracy. They also recognized freedom between government and the people. Our founding fathers had no intentions of divorcing prayer from government-much less from our children in their schools (Bartlett, 1974). The government could not force an individual...
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...Education Education in our public schools is very different than it was when the first schools were started. This is in part due to the changes in society, but also due to the changes in government control of our schools. Our founding fathers believed in the importance of education and many were involved with the creation of public education in America. Today, education is still a priority to most people in America. The fact that it is such a priority has brought about changes in the role of our government in the education system. Although education was a priority to our founding fathers, it was not mentioned in the original constitution. It is not mentioned in the initial Bill of Rights, either. However, the 10th Amendment states that the powers not delegated to the federal government “are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people.” (Edmund Sass, 2012) This meant that the responsibility for public schools belonged to the individual states and not to the federal government. This allowed the individual states to set up their school systems in the manner that worked best for them. The schools ran in this manner for many years. Of course, with the different belief systems of the people in the different states, there was a wide variety of education styles, as well as some issues including segregation and discrimination. This was widely accepted until the federal government stepped into the picture with the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that guaranteed reasonable...
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...School Prayer The issue of school prayer has invoked great controversy in our society. Some people feel that school prayer should be brought back into schools and practiced as part of the education process. The Supreme Court has continually denied allowing prayer to seep into the public school systems. Through years of controversy, many states started to adopt the “moment of silence” which was an attempt to bring back prayer in our schools. However, the school officials cannot suggest or have the kids pray, even though its true aim is clear, to encourage students to pray. Because of the “moment of silence,” there has finally been a neutral act to encourage prayer. There is a one sided claim that a mandated moment of silence in public classrooms amounts to an unconstitutional attempt to establish religion. The “moment of silence” is Constitutional, and a great way to encourage prayer for our students. Rufus Goodwin stated, “Praying, like poetry, is an activity that activates the human being.” In other words, prayer is a personal experience and intimate connection with our Father. People pray for several reasons such as personal benefit or for the sake of others. Prayers can consist of requesting guidance and assistance, confessing sins, or to express one’s thoughts and emotions (Goodwin R.). Why wouldn’t this intimate act with our Creator be an important part of the student’s day? Moments of silence often last one minute, but other amounts of time may be chosen. Sometimes...
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...The Rise of the Papacy The rise to power of the Papacy in the Roman Empire during the 6-9th centuries is crucial to the history of the church. There were many theories as to why the Papacy earned such central power. Included in these were the rise of the early church, and also the negative and positive effects of individuals related tot he government of the Roman Empire. Altogether it took many steps in a long process for the Papacy to gain such control. What is clear though is that the Papacy held firm control until the reformation. This paper will expand on the reasons for the rise of the Papacy in power, what allowed for it to thrive, and also negative and positive impacts on the empire and even the world. Fall of the Roman Empire There were many factors, and theories that are included when one is speaking of the fall of the Roman Empire. One of the first theories centers around disease and plagues. Some historians maintain that the Empire was crippled, as many diseases and plagues circled the Empire. They crippled families, workers and even members who were involved with the government. Another small factor may have been the decay of the army. The army say an increase in more German peoples, which may have altered the morale of the army, and even the size of the army itself. One large theory also centers around the government of the Empire. Many historians also believe that the Roman Empire set itself up for failure.(1) In the way that the...
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...Paul Bohan Section 30 Essay 3 First Draft 3/18/2011 Free Nation Since the first amendment of the United States Constitution was written there has been controversy over the meaning of “ congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercises thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” Many people believe that the first amendment clearly states that there is a separation between the church and state, however that language is not included in the first amendment; rather Thomas Jefferson described the separation in a personal letter to church leaders in Connecticut where he states that the first amendment erects “ a wall of separation between church and state.” The main point of contention for people interpreting the portion of the first amendment dealing with religion is the difference between the conservative and liberal points of view. The conservative view point of the first amendment, as spoken by Ronald Reagan, is that “ to those who cite the first amendment for the reason for excluding god from more and more of our institutions and everyday life, may I just say; The first amendment of the constitution was not meant to protect people of this country from religious values; it was written to protect religious values from government tyranny.” The liberal perspective more closely mirrors...
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...In the first part, the evolution of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Plan has been described; in the second part, the research on the Milwaukee voucher plan compared with the purposes of the public education, whether the voucher plan should be supported or opposed. The third section presents the empirical estimates of the impact of competition from voucher schools or student inter-cohort achievement changes in the MPS compared to similar Wisconsin schools outside Milwaukee. This section tried to establish the importance of equal educational opportunity under both the system. The fourth part estimated the voucher effect on religious liberty, and the last section tried to draw the policy conclusions on the controversy over the effects of the program. The main focus of the case is about the debate is about the differences between market proponents, who attach greater importance to individual choice, and supporters of a publicly run educational system, who attach greater importance on equity, commonality, and public accountability. It is about the debate about equal opportunity, and who should decide which elementary and secondary schools children attend. In the case, the vouchers provide a choice to the low-income parents, of sending their children to a school beyond those in their residential public school districts. The debate is about the amount of added choice which varies with parental means, the monetary worth of the voucher, and the private schools that opt into the voucher program...
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...One Nation Under God The United States of America is a country founded on religious principles and freedoms. Protestants escaping religious persecution in England came to the new world and planted the seeds of what would grow into a world superpower. The Native Americans, whose ancestors had been the first men to live there, became nothing but second class citizens. They were forced into slavery whilst dying by the thousands from disease brought by the white man. The pilgrims’ quest for religious freedom had brought ruin to an entire culture. Though it was the greatest, this genocide was not the last injustice done by religious organization in the new world. The framers of the United States constitution granted the right to freedom of religion among others. But all rights are limited; they cannot be exercised if they infringe upon another’s rights. Furthermore, despite claims of separation of church and state Christianity continues to take precedent over the rights and liberties of many citizens. Today one of the chief injustices regarding religion in America is tax exemptions for religious organizations. Proponents of tax exemption for religious organizations claim that there is no breach of separation of church and state. This claim is made on the grounds that by not taxing religious organizations they are not affiliating with them; therefore separation of church and state is attained. This logic is flawed to an unbelievable extent. The government electing not to tax religious...
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