...Seminole how they were removed from their land The Seminole were the last of the Five Tribes forced into Indian Territory. They had resisted Spanish attempts to conquer them, as well as British and American efforts to take their Florida lands. Freedom-seeking slaves often found protection and refuge in the Seminole land, which greatly angered the slave owners. The Seminole reacted by raiding Georgia and Alabama settlements. From 1817 to 1818, General Andrew Jackson waged war against the tribe in the First Seminole War. One result of that war was that Spain ceded East Florida to the United States in 1819. The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek provided that the tribe move to swampland in central Florida, but the raids by both Indians and whites continues. The 1832 Treaty of Payne’s landing called for the Seminole to move to Indian Territory when...
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...murder of Kinsley Dalton. These incidents along with the continued refusal of the Seminoles to move lead the United States to prepare for war. The Second Seminole War Began. In the coming months, the United States Generals would lead fruitless campaigns in pursuit of the Seminoles, while they attacked forts, plantations and settlements across the state. In December of 1835, two companies of soldiers sent to reinforce Fort King were attacked by Seminoles and decimated with only two badly wounded soldiers surviving. A particularly notable battle was the Battle of Wahoo Swamp, the Seminole victory against a force of 2500 American soldiers gave the Seminoles confidence and served as proof that the Seminoles could win against their white aggressors....
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...The Florida Crisis of 1826-1827 and the Second Seminole War Christopher Walker Dr. Saunders Jacksonian 4407 July 12, 2014 The Florida Crisis of 1826-1827 and the Second Seminole War Introduction In this critical review of The Florida Crisis of 1826 – 1827 and the Second Seminole War Canter Brown Jr., tells a very tragic, and hard fought story about the experience of the Seminoles and various groups involved in a plea for life. Brown tells this story in the form of an essay in which he shares his arguments and analysis as a historian, professor, a Floridian, and author in terms of the Florida Crisis. This paper will review Brown’s story as well as his main arguments and will evaluate the quality of Brown’s writing and focus on all areas and his weakness within this account. Summary This section contains a summary of The Florida Crisis of 1826-1827 and the Second Seminole War. The Florida Crisis of 1826-1827 and the Second Seminole is an article by Canter Brown Jr. and it addresses the history of Florida in the war between Seminoles along with other groups of people and the United States. Brown reveals the political, and racial aspects that lead to the history of the war in the United States. The author exclaimed that this war was marked as the most expensive Indian war of all times. This crisis that broke Florida involved the Seminole people and this is why the title “The Seminole War.” The crisis involved the Indian territories and associated free blacks with inhuman...
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...The Seminole Tribe changed quite a bit over the past centuries. They adapted to European culture as any other tribe would. They had horses, pigs, cash crops, chickens, guns, and cows. As time went on, they started to have the same things as the everyday community. There were more establishments, and they were more opened to the public. Establishments were things, such as school and a trading post. As time went on, they started to have the same things as the everyday community. One of the things that the Seminole tribe did to change U.S history was start three wars. Also, know as the Seminole Wars. When the United states invaded the Spanish, they also fought the Seminole tribe through 1817 through 1818. This was known as the first Seminole...
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...the peninsula” (today more commonly referred to as the Seminoles), arrived in Florida late in the eighteenth century. Although other Indians previously inhabited the peninsula, European diseases and wars, along with the immigration of southeastern Indians devastated the aboriginal population. Those few remaining Florida Indians who survived eventually, for the most part, allied and assimilated themselves with the incoming Creeks, other exiled Indians, and runaway slaves seeking freedom. The Creeks’ Muscogee language became the most prevalent in the peninsula, and influenced the generalized grouping of the Florida Indians. But political factors, racial identity, and race relations contributed heavily to...
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...Andrew Jackson is a general in the US army. In 1818, he writes a report to the US secretary of War, John Calhoun . During this time the Seminole indians have been attacking the Americans living on the frontier in Georgia. Calhoun has directed General Jackson to campaign against the Seminole indians. Jackson has recently taken over the Spanish Fort St. Marks. (Jackson, 256) Jackson’s report to Calhoun justifies his actions during his campaign and states that it was done within the spirit of both Calhoun and the US President’s approval. There are three points that Jackson makes in his report to justify his actions. First, he believes there is an outside force instigating the Seminole indians to attack Americans. Second, Jackson believes that the Seminoles intend to take over the Spanish forts in order to sustain a war...
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...Chickasaw, and Seminole Tribes The removal of Southeastern Tribes began after Revolutionary war with pro mises for land-treaties…buy outs and broken truths. The depravity that Andrew Jackson and others sunk too, makes me un-proud to call myself an American and would never feel honor to call him a father of my country. From 1814 to 1824 Andrew Jackson as a military leader was instrumental in 9 of 11 treaties ceding native lands from the east for lands in the west, to U.S. This period is known as the voluntary migration. 1830 The Indian Removal Act passed both houses of congress and Jackson signed. The 5 tribes were...
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...Cory Weaver Native American Studies Survival and Sovereignty: The Seminole Tribes The Nation - The Seminole tribe is the product of an ethno-cultural blending of the Creek peoples from the lower-central Southeast with indigenous Floridian tribes such as the Choctaw, Timuquan and Apalachicolas, some of whom were part of the Muschogean culture. The meaning of the word “Seminole” has been interpreted, loosely, as “runaway” or “broken off” (McReynolds 1957, 12). This refers to the separation of the Lower Creek peoples from the larger tribe, as described by an 18th-century observer. “Runaway,” reported historian Wiley Thompson, was “applicable to all the Indians in the Territory of Florida as all of them ran away…from the Creek…” (McReynolds 1957, 12). Runaway African-American slaves added to this conglomeration of native peoples, making the Seminoles a truly renegade people in every sense. The Seminoles saw themselves as having waged a long struggle for freedom. “The Indians who constituted the nucleus of (the) Florida group thought of themselves as yat;siminoli or ‘free people…’” (Seminole Tribe of Florida, 2013). The Seminoles spread throughout Florida during the second half of the 18th century. A diverse group, they brought with them a broad range of skills and means of subsistence, including farming, hunting, fishing and a form of animal husbandry. From their North Florida homeland, the tribe expanded south, establishing settlements as far as the Everglades by...
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...Critical Thinking Essay (Indian Removal Act) As the 19th century began, Americans who had their eyes set on new unclaimed land poured into the south and began heading towards present day Alabama. Since the Indian tribes living there seemed to be the main thing prohibiting the expansion, white settlers petitioned the federal government to remove them from the land. In his 1829 State of the Union address, President Jackson called for the removal of Native Americans from their tribal lands. Andrew Jackson wanted to renew a policy of political and military action for the removal of the Indians from these lands and worked towards creating a law for Indian removal. The Indian Removal Act was put in place to give to the southern states access to the land that Indians had formerly settled on (U.S. Department of State). The Indian Removal Act brought many issues to the table. Such as whether it was constitutional, who had the authority to pass what, and could it be done peacefully. In 1823, a case, Johnson v. M’Intosh, which was fighting for Indian’s rights, was brought before the...
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...The Seminole Wars spanned between the years 1817 and 1858 and consisted of three major conflicts. This paper will focus on the guerilla warfare tactics used specifically in the Second Seminole war lasting from 1845 to 1852. These tactics were perfectly suited to counter the American invasion. This allowed this group of unified Indian nations, known as the Seminoles, to react to the superior American firepower with tactics completely different from the normal war strategies at the time. (it was a really long sentence) The Seminoles were outnumbered in the Seminole wars. Yet, they proved to be a huge nuisance to the United States. Every time the United States believed that they had gained an advantage or had won the war, they would stumble into more issues and be back where they had started. A large reason for this was the Native Americans ability to adapt to their surroundings quickly and to find superior ways to handle issues. The United States tended to lean towards the classical methods of battle, consisting of two armies...
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...Conflict in the Florida territory between U.S. settlers and Seminole Indians grew into violence in December 1835. When Seminole warriors murdered Wiley Thompson, a senior Indian agent, and the “Dade Massacre” which resulted in the death of U.S. Army Officer Major Francis Dade and 107 of the 110 Soldiers in his command, starting the Second Seminole War. In September 1837, President Martin Van Buren assigned a force to Major General Thomas Jessup, the Senior Army Commander in Florida, which contained Colonel Zachary Taylor’s 1st Infantry regiment. Colonel Taylor was given an area of operations near swampy Lake Okeechobee and 1,032 Soldiers to hunt and defeat Seminole resistance and move the tribes to the reservation land in Oklahoma. On 24 December...
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...American History. The main cause of the interaction between Americans and the Native Americans was an increase in demand for land by Americans. As they pushed west and south, the frequency of interactions with Native Americans increased and so did hostility. I am aware that land demand issues were normally approached at first with peaceful negations. The American government would meet with the tribes and develop a treaty that resulted in less land for the Native Americans and more land for Americans. This would satisfy the Americans for a period of time but demand for land would just continue to increase. At this point Indians would either get restless and rebellions would ensue or Americans would violate the treaties and make moves on the Native’s land. In either situation the superior force of the American troops would result in them defeating the Indians. The Indians would then be forced to comply with American demands, meaning less land. Although this is a broad and brief overview of Native American history, in order to better understand Native Americans one must delve deeper into specific events and actions. Beginning in the Jefferson presidency era, Native Americans were allowed to live east of the Mississippi under the condition that they integrated into civilized culture. Jefferson’s goal was to make...
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...The Trail of Tears is the journey of Native Americans that were forced to leave their home in Southeast Georgia and move to the new Indian Territory in moderate-day Oklahoma. People in Georgia continued to take American lands and force both Cherokee Indians and Creek Indians out of Georgia. By 1825 the Lower Creek was completely gone. In 1827 the Creek was gone. In 1838, the Cherokees were the fifth major tribe to be forced to relocate to Indian Territory. More than 15,000 Indians were forced out by the U.S. Army. The name of the other five tribes that were forced to leave their homeland were the Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Creek. 16,000 of the Choctaw Indians who journeyed across the Trail of Tears between 5,000 and 6,000 died in route. The “Trail of Tears” got its name because of the devastating effects it had on the Cherokee people. The Cherokee faced hunger, diseases, and exhaustion on the forced removal. Over...
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...The Seminole Tribe The people of the Seminole tribe still live in Oklahoma to this day. These people are one of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, making their settlement famous and known in this state. However, there is more to the Seminole people than just their mark on Oklahoma, which is known as Indian Territory. The Seminole tribe also has history in Florida and Georgia. They have fought three major wars in their time, which led them to their migration from state to state. “Seminole, North American Indian tribe of Creek origin who speak a Muskogean language” from Britannica. The Seminole tribe have shared land with the Creek people, and their land has ranged from Southern Georgia to Florida, and then to Oklahoma. According to sources, “The Seminoles located...
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...their own civilization was greatly superior to that of the natives (Brinkley, 2008). This discussion will include Andrew Jackson’s opinion and policy concerning Native Americans, white Americans’ opinion of Native Americans, the “Five Civilized Tribes,” and the Trail of Tears. Before becoming the President of the United States, Andrew Jackson had already made a name for himself in history. He was a lawyer, politician and judge, wealthy planter and merchant, and in 1801 received the appointment of the commander of the Tennessee militia. During the War of 1812, white settlers near the Spanish owned Florida border were under attack by the Creek Indians. According to Brinkley (2008), on March 27, 1814, in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Jackson and his men retaliated and slaughtered Creek women, children, and warriors. Jackson received a commission to major general in the United States Army. Later in the year, during the Seminole War, Jackson captured Spanish forts at Pensacola and St. Marks in Florida. In 1821, he served as Florida’s military governor for nine months. Jackson, 1828, won the election for the seventh President of the United States, serving two...
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