...Yoshida 1. What was the Civil Censorship Detachment? Within 2 weeks of emperor hirohitos message of surrender was announced, American troops landed in japan. Because of occupation initiatives, Japanese gained a freedom that stood in stark contrast to their wartime experience. This freedom nonetheless remained a limited and supervised one. 2. What did the CCD do to the Asahi in mid-September of 1945? In mid September of 1945, the Civil Censorship Detatchment issued a press code , ostensibly intended to educate the Japanese media in the responsibilities and meaning of free press. 3. How did The Course of the Nation describe the Nanjing Massacre? According to the textbook, it was the military that had dragged japan into an unwanted war. “although the government made every effort to end the incident and to maintain friendly relations with china,the military rapidly enlarged the fighting, like a stone gaining momentum rolling down a hill. Japanese troops had ravaged Nanjing (middle page 47) 4. During the occupation, how did the textbook describe the US occupation? Under general Douglas MacArthur, the allied powers occupied japan, this occupation was aimed at establishing public order in japan, destroying the military, completely overthrowing militarist ideologies, giving freedom to the people and rebuilding japan into a democracy. 5. Describe how the press portrayed/described the the Nanjing Massacre. They told the story from a US perspective . horihoto or...
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...History of Japanese Football Christopher Hood casts a learned eye over the history of Japanese football, on both club and national level. Japanese football has yet to make much of an impression on the world stage, despite Hidetoshi Nakata's having made his mark with Perugia and Roma in Italy's Serie A. The general perception however is that Japan is new to football and not very good at it. In fact, football has a long history in Japan. Football reached Japan within ten years of the foundation of the Football Association (FA) in London in 1863, with matches taking place between some English teachers and their pupils in Tokyo and among Western sailors in Kobe in 1871. The officially recognised date for the birth of football in the country is in September 1873 with a game at the Naval Academy in Tokyo Bay organized by a British officer, Archibald Douglas, and his men. The amused Japanese spectators assumed it was a version of kemari, an ancient Japanese ballgame connected with the Shinto religion. The first competitive match in the country is reputed to be the 1888 game between the Kobe Regatta and Athletic Club and the Yokohama Country and Athletic Club, a rivalry that continues to the present day. It was not until 1921, however, that the Japanese Football Association (JFA) was established. After reports reached London of the All Japan Schools Soccer Tournament held in Osaka in 1918, the English FA magnanimously dispatched a replica of the FA Cup as a gift to the fledgling...
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...Question 1 (6 points) [pic] Modern Japanese painters & printmakers abandoned Japanese traditions & design principles. Question 1 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 2 (6 points) [pic] The Sotatsu-Korin School of the Edo Period specialized in Chinese style monchrome ink painting. Question 2 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 3 (6 points) [pic] The circular bronze mirror adopted by Japan from China during the Kofun period is one of the three treasures of Shinto prized as imperial regalia. Question 3 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 4 (6 points) [pic] Emperor Shomu of the Nara Period invited Buddhist priest Ganjin to come from China in order to establish Toshodaiji Temple. Question 4 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 5 (6 points) [pic] Kano School painters, active through the Ashikaga, Momoyama & Edo periods, were commissioned by shoguns & nobility to paint decorative screens with predominantly European materials, techniques & themes. Question 5 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 6 (6 points) [pic] Edo ceramic artist Kenzan was the brother of painter Korin, & is known for decorating his pieces with designs reminiscent of Yamato-e & Chinese monochrome ink painting. Question 6 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 7 (6 points) ...
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...Marisa Maen April 16, 2013 Since the beginning of Japanese history, many cultures such as Korea, India, the United States and the most prominent, China, have consistently influenced the people and culture of Japan. Although the Japanese aesthetics may have begun as something borrowed from its neighboring cultures, the Japanese have truly evolved their aesthetics into unique and authentic. In modern times, their aesthetics continue to greatly influence world art and fashion. Ranging from their poetry, to the tea ceremony, to architecture, the Japanese aesthetics began as something mimicking that of China and other cultures, and over time, have developed into something purely and truly Japanese. Because of its close proximity to China and Korea, Japan, in the pre-modern times, was greatly influenced by the cultures surrounding it. Early knowledge of the Japanese people can be found in the dynastic histories of China. “The Chinese called Japan the land of Wa…described as consisting of ‘one-hundred’ ---probably meaning a great many ---countries or tribes” (Varley, Japanese Culture, p. 7.) Since this time, the Japanese sent missions to China and slowly adopted many of their cultural aesthetics. Even though there was a very strong Chinese influence, the Japanese eventually assumed their unique aesthetic sense. This aesthetic sense is collectively known as miyabi, or refined sensibility, mono no aware, or the capacity to be moved by things, wabi and suki, or imperfect, irregular...
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...Citizens: Racism, Discrimination, and Identity The creation of history is an ongoing process we all participate in. According to Kristine Kuramitsu, Internment and Identity in Japanese American Art, “an ethnic community is never a monolithic entity but a group that is, by definition, connected by some set of memories and experiences.” Collective memories have shaped our identity; some people protest others choose to agree with version illustrated and perceived which best defines their relative existence. However, “with this personal identification with a community subgroup comes the threat of isolation” (Kuramitsu). The more an individual begins to recognize their heritage and embrace their origin, Gayatri Spivak, “Acting Bits/Identity Talk”, Critical Inquiry would assert, “history slouches in one’s origins, ready to comfort and kill.” The consequences of history offer to narratives, peace and equality or secondly protest and pain. In America which operates on the principle of Democracy, people and citizens believe in fundamental rights as intuitively recognizable. These provisions are grounded in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. During World War II these rights were quickly destroyed. Internment camp prisoner Henry Sugimoto and War Relocation Authority photographer Dorothea Lange’s; uncensored artwork and photography lifted the veil capturing the plight and destitute existence Japanese Americans citizens endured as a result of Executive Order...
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...1213-008 October 10 2015 The Rugged Road to True Freedom The United States of America is a place some people only dream of residing in. During the early twentieth century, hundreds of Japanese people ventured towards America—a land of freedom, equality, and justice. These people left an unstable homeland in search of peace and prosperity with the hope of providing a better future for their children. Ronald Takaki, in his book titled Strangers from a Different Shore, remarks that “America represented liminality,” and so Asian immigrants “could imagine what they could do in an unformed America, and their dreams inspired them to take risks. They wondered what they could become, unfurled before the winds of change and challenge”(42). This represents Japanese extravagance as a whole—traveling beyond known boundaries in pursuit of new freedom. Yet what seemed free wasn’t free at all, but rather a future of harsh treatment. Japanese-Americans crossed the boundaries of their homeland only to come into contact with more boundaries in America—of racism, American legislation and ultimately internment—which taxed the extravagance of Japanese-Americans. Throughout the next several decades, Japanese extravagance morphs to deal with America’s act of yarding them in through its legislation. In 1885, the Japanese government announced it would be sending six hundred immigrants to Hawaii. Many who crossed the frontier were financially distressed and viewed “themselves as dekaseginin—laborers working...
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...Tokugawa Religion The period between 1603 and 1868 presented one of the most remarkable eras of the Japanese history. This period is referred to as Tokugawa Japan. The era is mostly characterized with the widespread peace that spurned a period of two and a half centuries as well as heightened technological and economic growth. The period is also known for its strong political formation as well as a cultural domination that was supported by various factors. One of the elements that provided a strong support for the period was the religious structure practiced by the communities during the era. It is important to note that religion is also an important consideration when looking at the elements that resulted in Tokugawa. The prominent religious beliefs...
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...cultural tradition. • The perception of the young Japanese towards cultural tradition might influence the continuing of Japanese Tea Ceremony. Significance of Research • Identify the perception of young Japanese towards Japanese Tea Ceremony. • Related parties will be able to take initiatives to ensure the continuing of Japanese Tea Ceremony. Research Question 1. What is the history of Japanese Tea Ceremony? 2. What is the perception of young Japanese towards Japanese Tea Ceremony? Research Method 1. Literature Review • The tea ceremony is deeply connected with the character of the Japanese people and their culture. – (j-tradition.com, 2016) • Today the ceremonial tea is still actively studied by students of all ages. – (learn-about-tea.com, 2016) • With time, Japanese Tea Ceremony is said to be an outdated tradition. Modern city life makes it difficult to find time and place for tea ceremony. – (japacolle.com, 2015) • A full-length formal tea ceremony is not something that Japanese do at home regularly for relaxation. (web-japan.org, 2016) 2. Articles Japanese Tea Ceremony is: • Known as Chanoyu, the Way of Tea • Ritualized preparation of powdered green tea (Matcha) • Served together with traditional Japanese sweets (Wagashi) to balance with the bitter taste of the tea • Designed to bring aesthetic, intellectual, physical enjoyment and peace of mind to the guests Japanese Tea Ceremony JTC Room (Chashitsu) The floor...
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...war.” (Naval History and Heritage Command, 2010, p.1) Thus, prior to this battle, Japan’s Navy possessed sea and air superiority over the United States and could choose when and where to attack. “After Midway the two opposing fleets were essentially equals, and the United States soon took the offensive.” (Naval History and Heritage Command, 2010, p.1) The Battle of Midway was a strategic point when the United States turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific because; the United States Navy stopped the Japanese advance and they put the Japanese Navy on the defensive. By March 1942, Japan’s Navy high command initial goals were achieved easier than what they had planed. Therefore, they had turned their sights into making an offensive war plan and not to transition into a “strategic defensive posture, but there were still disputes on how to maintain the offensive” (Hone, 2013, p.1). Most historians speculate, “Moving further south in the Pacific would isolate Australia, and possibly remove that nation as a threat to the freshly expanded Japanese Empire.” (Naval History and Heritage Command, 2010, p.1) Therefore, the June Midway Battle turned out to be the most damaging battle of the Pacific war for the Japanese. In this new history author Symonds describes it as "the most complete naval victory since... Trafalgar" (historynet.com p.1). Midway had far-reaching effects on the course of the pacific war. As Symonds explains, “on the morning of June 4 the Japanese navy claimed the...
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...l The History of the Japanese Samurai and Sword Brandon Stepka SOCI306 The history of the Japanese samurai and sword has always been an interesting topic to me. I will not only be discussing the correlations between the two, but also the evolution of each. Along with that, I will be expanding upon how the Japanese sword was created, how it became popular, and lastly, how it is link to Japanese culture. I would now like to start by giving you a background of the Japanese samurai. The Japanese warrior, also known as the samurai, appeared during the Heian Period (794-1185). They initially started out as warriors and protectors for wealthy landowners. This is partially where the name ‘samurai’ came about, meaning “those who serve”. The samurai truly began to grow during the Kamakura period, where the “establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate, a hereditary military dictatorship, shifted all real political power in Japan to the samurai.” This power was forged by leader Minamoto Yoritomo, who pushed vigorously to establish a high social status for the samurai. Without the acknowledgement of Yoritomo, you would not be considered a samurai; he had the final say. Now that I have given you some basic history of the samurai, I would like to give you some interesting facts that I found to be very cool. First, the Japanese samurai’s would burn incense into their helmets before battle, because of the possibility their heads would be cut off it would not smell. This...
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...The Warriors of ancient Japanese legend have transcended the traditional image of war-tales and myths. For Japanese culture, the men who are regarded as one of the three types of heroes in Paul Varley’s book, Warriors of Japan: As Portrayed in the War Tales, have proven to be much more than the subject of a bedtime story, but rather a national treasure in which Japanese culture and wisdom is portray through. It is the victories, and failures of these heroes that teach the world of Japanese traditions and honor. However, these men were not created for the education of the world, but rather for the centuries of Japanese people whom these figures represent. Warrior tales of Minamoto no Tametomo, Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Minamoto no Yoshinaka, and Minamoto no Yoshitsune have a greater purpose than to provide entertainment to the people of Japan, these men provide a Japanese education on personality, values, morals, and Japanese customs. The three types of heroes that Varley examines in his book differ from each other slightly, but contribute greatly to the history of Japan in an exciting narrative of the honor and customs of the ancient Japanese warrior. The greatest loser-hero in Hōgen Monogatari is Minamoto no Tametomo (Varley, 56). A real life Japanese warrior, Minatomo was contributed with a number of attributes that are believed to have been not true in the effort to immortalize him as a warrior. Said to have stood two feet taller than the normal Japanese man, and endowed with...
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...Abstract Japanese invaders occupied the city of Nanjing in 1937, a day forever etched in blood, pain and tears. The debate between Asia's two largest economies over the history of World War II has become an ongoing battle over which nation will become the region's dominant power. Primary Issues Between China and Japan According to the Council on Foreign relations, tensions between the two countries date to the humiliation of China in the Sino-Japanese War. These animosities surfaced in recurring cycles, often involving Chinese anger over Japan’s perceived lack of contrition for wartime crimes (Beehner & Bhattacharji, 2008). The history of World War II remains disputed, and China and Japan face challenges on how to move forward from the past. Growing tensions fueled when a Japanese history textbook distorted historical events surrounding the Nanjing Massacre. Further problems such as territorial and economic issues aggravated the relationship, including Japan’s close alliance with the United States, economic rivalry, trade frictions, and disputes over ownership of islands in the East China Sea. Recently a Chinese trawler collided with Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats near the Diaoyu Islands and resulted in a major diplomatic dispute between the two nations. The rivalry between the two countries continued, when China flexed its muscle to oppose a move to elevate Japan, into permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. Chinese Government Extends Olive...
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...and improving inter-country relationships. “Hanryu” was a sensational trend of 21st century in Asia. Out of all the countries Hanryu was introduced to, Japan exhibited a very special attitude – contempt. The idea of Hanryu even initiated street protests and demonstration involving hundreds of people in Japan. Why? Why was Japan the only country reluctant to accept this new phenomenon? The most compelling reason of this modern case can be found, ironically, in the events that happened almost a century ago: the Japanese Imperial Period. From 1876 to 2014, Japan and Korea has come all the way from the Japanese Imperial Period to the emergence of “Hanryu.” Some say “Hanryu” has finally enclosed the gap history has created between Korea and Japan. However, I argue otherwise. Japanese Imperial Period: cause and effect Also called Korea under Japanese rule, the Japanese Imperial Period officially marked its beginning with the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876, with which Japanese officials sought to...
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...Roach, Colin M. Japanese Swords: Cultural Icons of a Nation; The History, Metallurgy and Iconography of the Samurai Sword. Tuttle Publishing, 2014. The noble ideographic representation of the Japanese Samurai in western culture paints them as gentleman warriors that practiced ancient martial arts. One of the most known part of their uniforms is the weapon they carry, the Japanese sword. In the culture these pieces of steel were more than just weapons, they were social and religion icons, representing tradition and a way of life. Japanese Swords: Cultural Icons of a Nation; The History, Metallurgy and Iconography of the Samurai Sword makes an attempt to outline the different levels of this iconic tool. The book shows the readers the unique way the swords shaped the way an identity was formed. Using history, spiritual symbolism, and metallurgical techniques the text steers the reader into the world of the Japanese samurai. Colin M. Roach, M. ED. is the author of this outline. He is an educator that was always been an enthusiast of Japanese history and culture. Having been able to trace his family connections back to Japan he focusing on Martial arts, archetypal warrior cultural and sword-related symbolism in his studies. As a result he...
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...Between the 12th and 19th centuries, feudal Japan had an elaborate four tier class system. Unlike European feudal society, in which the peasants (or serfs) were at the bottom, the Japanese feudal class structure placed merchants on the lowest rung. Confucian ideals emphasized the importance of productive members of society, so farmers and fishermen had higher status than shop-keepers in Japan. At the top of the heap was the samurai class. The Samurai Class: Feudal Japanese society was dominated by the samurai warrior class. Although they made up only about 10% of the population, samurai and their daimyo lords wielded enormous power. When a samurai passed, members of the lower classes were required to bow and show respect. If a farmer or artisan refused to bow, the samurai was legally entitled to chop off the recalcitrant person's head. Samurai answered only to the daimyo for whom they worked. The daimyo, in turn, answered only to the shogun. There were about 260 daimyo by the end of the feudal era. Each daimyo controlled a broad area of land, and had an army of samurai. The Farmers / Peasants: Just below the samurai on the social ladder were the farmers or peasants. According to Confucian ideals, farmers were superior to artisans and merchants because they produced the food that all the other classes depended upon. Although technically they were considered an honored class, the farmers lived under a crushing tax burden for much of the feudal era. During the reign of...
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